1. The thermal interconversion of the axial and equatorial substitutents of the chair conformation of cyclohexane is extremely slow because the two forms are separated by a relatively high activation energy barrier, 10.5 kcal/mol (3672 cm−1). With CN substituents, the equatorial form is only 0.24 kcal/mol (84 cm−1) lower in energy than the axial form. Show how you would determine the ratio between the concentrations of the equatorial and axial forms using the Boltzmann distribution.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The ratio is  [tex]0.67 : 1[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

 The activation energy separating the equatorial and the axial form is [tex]\Delta E = 0.24\ kcal/mol[/tex]

 Generally according to the Boltzmann distribution , the relationship between  concentration(in terms of number of molecule) of the equatorial form and  the concentration of the axial form is mathematically represented as

       [tex]N = N_o e^{-\frac{\Delta E }{RT} }[/tex]

Here [tex]N_o[/tex] is the number of molecule in equatorial form and  N is the number of the molecules in the axial form.

   R is the gas constant with value  [tex]R = 1.987 *10^{-3} \ kcal\cdot mol^{-1} \cdot k^{-1}[/tex]

     T is the temperature of the room with value  [tex]T = 25^oC = 298 \ K[/tex]

So

    [tex]\frac{N}{N_o} = e^{-\frac{0.24 }{1.987*10^{-3} * 298} }[/tex]

=> [tex]\frac{N}{N_o} = 0.67[/tex]

So the ratio of the concentration of equatorial form to the axial form is

      [tex]0.67 : 1[/tex]


Related Questions

How many moles of Mg(OH)2 will react with 2.5 mol HCI?

Answers

Answer:

1.25mole of Mg(OH)₂

Explanation:

The reaction is between Mg(OH)₂ and HCl, this is a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

         Mg(OH)₂   +   2HCl   →   MgCl₂   + 2H₂O

The balanced reaction equation is given above.

           2 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂

So,       2.5mole of HCl will react with [tex]\frac{2.5}{2}[/tex]  = 1.25mole of Mg(OH)₂

The number of moles of Mg(OH)₂ is given as 1.25mol

PLEASEEE answer correctly! I will give u 10pts and brainleist if u get it right please:) (SCIENCE)

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 2

Explanation:

when viewed from earth number 2 would be a waning gibbous

Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts at –114 °C and boils at 78 °C. The enthalpy of fusion of ethanol is 5.02 kJ/mol, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 38.56 kJ/mol. The specific heats of solid and liquid ethanol are 0.97 J/g-K and 2.3 J/g-K, respectively. The average specific heat of gaseous ethanol is about 1.80 J/g-K. a. How much heat is required to convert 35.0 g of ethanol at 27 °C to the vapor phase at 120 °C? b. How much heat is required to convert the same amount of ethanol at –120 °C to the vapor phase at 120 °C?

Answers

Answer:

First question

       [tex]Q = 36826 \ J[/tex]

Second  question  

       [tex]Q = 52299.7 \ J[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

     The melting point of Ethanol is  [tex]T_m = -114 ^oC[/tex]

      The boiling point of Ethanol is  [tex]T_b = 78^ oC[/tex]

       The enthalpy of fusion of Ethanol is [tex]F = 5.02 \ kJ / mol = 5.02 *10^{3}\ kJ / mol[/tex]

        The enthalpy of vaporization  of Ethanol is [tex]L = 38.56 \ kJ / mol = 38.56 *10^{3} \ J / mol[/tex]

         The specific heat of solid Ethanol is  [tex]c_e = 0.97 \ J/ g \cdot K[/tex]

          The specific heat of liquid  Ethanol is [tex]c_l = 2.3 \ J / g \cdot K[/tex]

           The mass of the Ethanol given is  [tex]m = 35.0 \ g[/tex]

Considering the first question

           The initial  temperature is [tex]T_i = 27^oC[/tex]

             The final  temperature is  [tex]T_f = 120^oC[/tex]

Generally the heat required too raise the Ethanol to its boiling point is mathematically represented as

       [tex]Q_1 = m * c_l * (T_b - T_i)[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_1 = 35.0 * 2.3 * ( 78 - 27)[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_1 =4106 \ J[/tex]

Genially the number of moles of Ethanol given is mathematically represented as

         [tex]n = \frac{m}{Z}[/tex]

Here Z  is the molar mass of Ethanol  with value  [tex]Z = 46 g/mol[/tex]

So

         [tex]n = \frac{35}{46 }[/tex]

=>      [tex]n = 0.7609 \ mol[/tex]

Generally the heat of vaporization of the Ethanol is mathematically represented as

         [tex]Q_2 = n * L[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_2 =0.7809 * 38.56 * 10^{3}[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_2 =29339 \ J[/tex]

Generally the heat required too raise the Ethanol from  its boiling point to  [tex]T_f[/tex]  is  mathematically represented as

       [tex]Q_3 = m * c_l * (T_f - T_b)[/tex]

=>     [tex]Q_3 = 35 * 2.3 * (120 - 78 )[/tex]

=>     [tex]Q_3 = 3381 \ J[/tex]

Generally the total heat required is  

     [tex]Q = Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3[/tex]

=>   [tex]Q = 4106 + 29339 + 3381[/tex]

=>   [tex]Q = 36826 \ J[/tex]

Considering the second question

           The initial  temperature is [tex]T_i = -120^oC[/tex]

             The final  temperature is  [tex]T_f = 120^oC[/tex]

Generally the heat required too raise the Ethanol to its melting  point is mathematically represented as

       [tex]Q_1 = m * c_e * (T_m - T_i)[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_1 = 35.0 * 0.97 * ( -114 - (- 120) )[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_1 = 203.7 \ J[/tex]

Generally the heat of fusion  of the Ethanol is mathematically represented as

                 [tex]Q_2 = n * F[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_2 =0.7809 * 5.02 *10^{3}[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_2 =3920 \ J[/tex]

Generally the heat required too raise the Ethanol to its boiling point is mathematically represented as

       [tex]Q_3 = m * c_l * (T_b - T_m)[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_3 = 35.0 * 2.3 * ( 78 - (- 114) )[/tex]

=>      [tex]Q_3 =15456 \ J[/tex]

Generally the heat of vaporization of the Ethanol is mathematically represented as

         [tex]Q_4 = n * L[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_4 =0.7809 * 38.56 * 10^{3}[/tex]

=>        [tex]Q_4 =29339 \ J[/tex]

Generally the heat required too raise the Ethanol from  its boiling point to  [tex]T_f[/tex]  is  mathematically represented as

       [tex]Q_5 = m * c_l * (T_f - T_b)[/tex]

=>     [tex]Q_5 = 35 * 2.3 * (120 - 78 )[/tex]

=>     [tex]Q_5 = 3381 \ J[/tex]

Generally the total heat required is  

     [tex]Q = Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3+Q_4 + Q_5[/tex]

=>   [tex]Q = 203.7 + 3920 + 15456 +29339+3381[/tex]

=>   [tex]Q = 52299.7 \ J[/tex]

which forces are contact forces? which r non contact forces/
magnetic force,friction,air resistance,gravitational force eletrostatic force and upupthrust

Answers

magnetic force, i did the test

calculate the energy required to vaporize a chunk of ice at -25°C with the mass of 12.5kg

Answers

The energy would be 14.6% percent
Explanation
Im not for sure if that’s correct so sorry if I get it wrong

what are the three types of nuclear decay or reactions?

Answers

Answer:

alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay

Please help I will mark brainy

Answers

Answer:freezing can occur

Source:trust me bro

what is an extensive prperty of matter

Answers

Answer:

Volume

Mass

Size

Weight

Length

Explanation:

Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present. An extensive property is considered additive for subsystems. Examples of extensive properties include:

Volume

Mass

Size

Weight

Length

Which has the larger atomic radius Ga Or B

Answers

Answer:

Ga-135 is the largest atomic radius because B atomic radius is 85

What Group would this element be in?

Answers

Answer:

Non-metals because it has 9 electrons meaning it is fluorine

Explanation:

Ch 8 Test
Circle the best answer to each question

The temperature of a roast is checked to see if it has met its critical limit of 145 F. for 4 min. This is an example of which HACCP principle?
Verification
Monitoring
Record keeping
Hazard analysis

2. The temperature of a pot of beef stew is checked during holding. The stew has not met the critical limit and is thrown out according to house policy. Throwing out the stew is an example of which HACCP principle?
Monitoring
Verification
Hazard analysis
Corrective action

3. The deli serves cold sandwiches in a self serve display. Which step in the flow of food would be a critical control point?
Storage
Cooling
Cooking
Reheating

4. What is the first step in developing a HACCP plan?
Identify corrective actions
Conduct a hazard analysis.
Establish monitoring procedures.
Determine critical control points

5. What is the purpose of a food safety management system?
Keep all areas of the facility clean and pest free
Identify, tag, and repair faulty equipment within the facility
Identify and control possible hazards throughout the fowo of food
Document and use the correct methods of purchasing and receiving food






6. Reviewing Temperature logs and other records to make sure that the HACCP plan is working as intended is an example of which HACCP principle?
Monitoring
Verification
Hazard Analysis
Record Keeping

7. A Chef sanitized a thermometer probe and then checked the temperature of minestrone soup being held in a hot holding unit. The temperature was 120 F., which did not meet the operations critical limit of 135 F. The chef recorded the temperature in the log and reheated the soup to 165 F. for 15 sec. Which was the corrective action?
Reheating the soup
Checking the critical limit
Sanitizing the thermometer probe
Recording the temperature in the log

8. What does an operation that wants to smoke food as a method of preservation need to have before processing food this way?
Food Safety certificate
Crisis management plan
Master cleaning schedule
Variance from the local regulatory authority

Answers

Answer:

so you like fortnite but it's bad rjfbfbhrr

if the mass of 3 black beans it's 0.7 what's the mass of one bean?

Answers

Answer:0.233333333

Explanation: Let me be!

Answer:

yea what that guy said is correct I'm pretty sure

What is the speed of an object that covers 10 miles in 5 hours?

a. 5 mph

b. 15 mph

c. 2 mph

d. 50 mph

Answers

Answer:

2 miles per hour.

Explanation:

10/5=2

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to speed  and its calculations. Therefore, the correct option is option C.

What is speed?

Speed may be defined as the distance traveled by an item in the amount of time it requires to travel that distance. In other words, it measures how rapidly an item travels but does not provide direction.

The Scientific unit system is most typically used to express speed. Speed is determined in metres per second, or m/s, since distance is recorded in metres while time is recorded in seconds.

Mathematically,  

speed= distance/ time

distance= 10 miles

time= 5 hours

substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get

speed=10/5

on calculations, we get

speed = 2 mph

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

To learn more about speed, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13263542

#SPJ2

which two elements make up the main structure of an organic compound?

A. Carbon and oxygen
B. Nitrogen and oxygen
C. Carbon and hydrogen
D. hydrogen and sulfur​

Answers

Answer:

b nitrogen&oxygen

Explanation:

i'm built different

It’s A because carbon and oxygen make unit to one element

a ball with a mass of 20 kg is accelerating at 4 m/s/s while being thrown . about how much force was used to throw the ball

Answers

Answer:

80 N

Explanation:

The force acting on an object given it's mass and acceleration can be found by using the formula

force = mass × acceleration

From the question we have

force = 20 × 4

We have the final answer as

80 N

Hope this helps you

Answer:

80 n

Hope I helped

Which element could provide one atom to make an ionic bond with calcium

Answers

chlorine (CL) would be the answer

Help answer fast please What is an example of homestasis?
A. You drink a bunch of redbull and your heart rate goes up
B. You run, your heart rate goes up, and then your heart rate goes back to its resting rate
C. A person has a fever
D. A person is thirsty but does not drink water

Answers

Answer:

c maybe sorry if its wrong

Explanation:

A bottles contains 3.100 mL of a liquid. The mass of the liquid is 2.060 g. What is the density of the liquid? (BE SURE TO
SHOW ALL THREE PARTS: EQUATION, WORK, AND PROPER FULL ANSWER.

Answers

Answer:

0.66 g/mL

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\[/tex]

From the question we have

[tex]density = \frac{2.06}{3.10} \\ = 0.664516..[/tex]

We have the final answer as

0.66 g/mL

Hope this helps you

A tank containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gases has a total pressure of 6.7
atm. If the O2 has a pressure of 3.0 atm and the carbon dioxide has a pressure of 1.2
what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen gas?

Answers

Answer:

P(N₂) = 2.5 atm

Explanation:

Given data:

Total pressure of gasses = 6.7 atm

Partial pressure of O₂ = 3.0 atm

Partial pressure of CO₂ = 1.2 atm

Partial pressure of N₂ = ?

Solution;

According to Dalton law of partial pressure,

The total pressure inside container is equal to the sum of partial pressures of individual gases present in container.

Mathematical expression:

P(total) = P₁ + P₂ + P₃+ ............+Pₙ

Now we will solve this  problem by using this law.

P(total) = P(O₂)  + P(CO₂) + P(N₂)

6.7 atm = 3.0 atm + 1.2 atm + P(N₂)

6.7 atm = 4.2 atm + P(N₂)

P(N₂) = 6.7 atm - 4.2 atm

P(N₂) = 2.5 atm

How many moles are in 2.43 x 1024 particles of Carbon Monoxide (CO)?

a.0.25 moles
b.4.04 moles
c.1.46 moles
d.2.53 moles

Answers

b.

(2.43*10^24)*1/(6.022*10^23)

Anyone know the answer

Answers

Answer:

a and d

Explanation:

a bromine and the calcium atom loses two elections

Question:
In a laboratory demonstration, a balloon filled with methane and oxygen was exposed to a
flame. The result was a brief, large flame. The students were asked to formulate an equation for
the reaction. One answer is below.
CH, + 0 = CO,
This equation is incorrect.
A. Explain how and why it is incorrect
B. What would the correct equation be, and how do you know that?

Answers

Answer:

The laboratory demonstration consists of the following;

The compounds present in the combustion reaction = Methane, CH₄ and Oxygen, O₂

The chemical equation for the combustion reaction is given as follows;

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Therefore;

A. The equation given as CH₄ + O → CO₂ is not correct because;

1) Oxygen gas exist as diatomic molecules, O₂, and given that the experiment involves the mixture of gases, the oxygen gas present which can exist as a separate compound, should be represented as O₂

2) The number of oxygen molecules in the reaction is two rather than one

3) The product also includes two molecules of water (vapor) H₂O

B. The correct equation for the reaction should be given as follows;

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

B i) The constituents of the equation is obtained by the knowledge of the fact that the combustion reaction of an organic substance such as methane in the presence of oxygen yields, carbon dioxide and water (vapor)

The equation showing the relative amounts the reacting compounds is by balancing the basic equation of the combustion of methane in the presence of oxygen

Explanation:

Aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and magnesium chlorate are mixed

Answers

Explanation:

You're mixing magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2 , and sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 , two soluble ionic compounds that dissociate completely in aqueous solution to form cations and anions.

What are the differences and relationships between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

Answers

Explanation:

A dependent variable depends on the independent variable. The independent variable is what you usually control in a experiment.

I think of independent and dependent as in real life. Say there’s a person that’s independent meaning they don’t rely on someone. On the other hand if there’s a person that’s dependent they have to rely on someone. I hope this helped

What type of compound is this?

Answers

Answer:sorry id ont known

Explanation:give m brianlest if you want

Write one paragraph explaining what you have learned so far about Kinetic and Potential Energy.
(will give brainliest)

Answers

Answer: Energy stored in an object due to its position is Potential Energy. The energy that a moving object has due to its motion is Kinetic Energy. All forms of kinetic energy are the result of a previous state of potential energy. For example, the stored chemical potential energy of a battery converts to electrical kinetic energy to transport electricity to a light bulb, which radiates thermal kinetic energy. Potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero position. An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height.

Someone please help will mark as brainliest please answer all of the questions

Answers

Answer:

1.The main difference between SPECT and PET scans is the type of radiotracers used. While SPECT scans measure gamma rays, the decay of the radiotracers used with PET scans produce small particles called positrons. ... These react with electrons in the body and when these two particles combine they annihilate each other.

2 .A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan is an imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs. It may be used to help diagnose seizures, stroke, stress fractures, infections, and tumors in the spine.

3.Uses for PET scan include checking brain function; diagnosing cancer, heart problems, and brain disorders; examining blood flow to the heart; and determining spread of cancer and response to therapy. The use of PET scans may help doctors more accurately detect the presence and location of cancer cells.

4.Stress-only SPECT protocols resulting in lower dosimetry and less time in the imaging laboratory may be appropriate for many patients. PET perfusion imaging offers indisputably better images that are characterized by higher resolution, better attenuation correction, less scatter, and better contrast

Hope I wasn't too late.

What separates the inner planets from the outer planets in our solar system?
()Comet Belt
()Asteroid Belt
()Their differences
()Distance

Help plss!!

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B Astroid Belt

2.Choose the correct order of the layers of the Earth from the outermost to the innermost layer

crust, asthenosphere, lower mantle, lithosphere, core
crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle, core
crust, asthenosphere, lithosphere, lower mantle, core
crust, lithosphere, lower mantle, asthenosphere, core

Answers

A and C are your anwser

Answer:

A and C

Explanation:

I took the test

A 0.040 kg ball tied to a string moves in a circle that has a radius of 0.700 m. If the ball is accelerating at 43.2 m/s2, what is the tangential velocity of the ball?

Answers

Answer: 30.24 m/s

Explanation:

Got it right on test

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