The countercurrent flow is better for dialysis because-
The dialysate flows in the opposite direction from the blood. More urea and creatinine are removed from the blood as a result of the dialysate and blood flowing counter-currently, which optimizes the concentration gradient of solutes between the two fluids.
All throughout the dialyzer's length, countercurrent flow optimizes the concentration gradient between blood and dialysate Small solute clearance falls by 10% when blood flow and dialysate flow are cocurrent (moving in the same direction). Because they produce a more consistent temperature difference between the fluids along the whole length of the fluid channel, counter flow heat exchangers naturally outperform parallel flow heat exchangers in terms of efficiency.As an illustration, a faster blood flow rate boosts clearance by increasing the volume of blood evacuated each minute7. Additionally, a quicker dialysate flow rate results in more solutes being removed from the dialysate fluid, increasing the concentration gradient and the clearance rate8–10.To know more about dialysis here
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An argon ion laser emits light at 488 nm. What is the frequency of this radiation
The frequency of the radiation will be 6.098 x 1014 Hz.
The frequency of a radiation is measured in hertz (Hz) and is the number of complete cycles per second of a wave. It is commonly used to measure electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves and x-rays.
An argon ion laser emits light at a wavelength of 488 nm.
To find the frequency of this radiation, we need to use the equation f = c/λ, where
c is the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) and
λ is the wavelength in meters.
Plugging in 488 nm (or 0.000488 m) for λ gives us a frequency of 6.098 x 1014 Hz.
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What is the lever arm formula?
The distance that separates the force's line of action from its rotational axis is known as the lever arm. and the torque's magnitude is = N m.
τ = F x r
Signs:- Torque = τ
Force = F
Lever Arm Length = r
In many electromechanical driving systems, lever arms are used. Axles and spindles are nonrotating shafts, while transmission shafts are rotating components that move power and torque from one place to another. Shafts can be either hollow or solid. In gate drive applications, particularly for radial gates and vertical gates, hollow shafts are sometimes referred to as torque tubes.
This is so that they can transfer torque to a hoist winch, which is their main function in these gate drives. For gate drives, the shafting may be subjected to axial forces, torsion from transmitted torque, bending from transverse loads from gears, sprockets, and sheaves, and torsion owing to transmitted torque.
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To understand electrical currents we need to understand
Electric current is a term used to describe how much electricity flows across a circuit and how it flows in an electronic circuit. Amperes are used to measure it (A).
How much electricity is best understood?The energy of charged particles is referred to as electricity. One option for storing electricity is a battery. Electricity flows when you connect a battery to a light bulb. Due to the fact that electrical charges (electrons) can freely transport energy from the battery through the bulb, this occurs.
What is the most crucial electrical rule?Disconnect the power source. This is the first and most crucial requirement to abide by. This is the first and most crucial rule to adhere to. If you ever need to repair electrical equipment in your house, be sure to first unplug it from the power source. It might not be sufficient to simply turn it off.
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d. A brass measuring tape is correct at 20°C. The value obtained when the length of a field is measured with the rule at 50°C appears to be 70.5 m. What is the true length of the field? Linear expansivity of brass 1.8 x 10-5 K-1,
Answer:
The answer would be 52.8m
On a day with complete cloud cover, what happens to the visible light headed toward Earth?
(a) The clouds reflect much of it back to space, though some still reaches the surface.
(b) It is absorbed by the clouds, which causes the clouds to heat up.
(c) It reaches the surface just as it does on a cloudless day.
On a day with complete cloud cover, the visible light headed toward Earth: The clouds reflect much of it back to space, though some still reaches the surface.
When the sun shines, the Earth's atmosphere scatters it in all directions. This is why certain sections of the Earth appear brighter than others during the day—the Sun's light has been reflected off of the ground and other objects. When the planet is completely clouded over, no light reaches Earth at all. The term "nowhere" refers to the fact that there is no such thing as a sunrise since there is no such thing as a dawn. On a cloudy day, visible light directed toward the earth is misdirected and darkened by the clouds. This is due to the fact that shorter wavelengths of visible light scatter more than longer wavelengths. Rayleigh scattering is the name given to this phenomena.
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What happens to the particles of a matter when heat is released and temperature becomes lower?
In the particles of a substance when heat is released and the temperature becomes lower are the particles will move more slowly.
A particle can vibrate due to heating so that the particle can be said to have kinetic energy. Kinetic energy itself is affected by the mass and speed of objects. The smaller the mass of an object, the greater its kinetic energy. The faster the particles vibrate, the greater their kinetic energy.
When a particle is heated, its temperature will rise and the particle will move fast because it gains kinetic energy. Meanwhile, when a particle loses heat, the temperature of the particle will decrease, this causes a decrease in the kinetic energy of the particle due to heat loss so that the particle moves slower.
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What is the difference between active and passive flexibility?
The difference between active flexibility and passive flexibility is that in active flexibility, we rely on our own muscle power to reach the end range, but in passive flexibility, we rely on an external push to reach the end range.
According to the findings of recent studies, active flexibility has a stronger connection to a person's level of sporting performance than passive flexibility does. The ability to build active flexibility is more difficult to achieve than passive flexibility. Active flexibility involves passive flexibility in addition to muscle strength in order to be able to retain and maintain the initial extended position.
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How do you solve a torque problem in physics?
Calculate the angle between the vector connecting the force's application point and the pivot point and the direction of the applied force. You may calculate the torque by multiplying r by F and sin.
How does physics explain torque?The force that can cause an object to revolve around an axis is measured in torque. Torque accelerates an object in an angular direction, much like force does in linear kinematics.
An easy explanation of torqueAn angular force known as a torque tends to produce rotation along an axis, which could be the center of mass or a fixed point. Torque can also be thought of as a thing's capacity in order to overcome turning resistance, such as a shaft or a gear, that is rotating.
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Just as a light-year is the distance that light can travel in 1 year, we define a light-second as the distance that light can travel in 1 second, a light-minute as the distance that light can travel in 1 minute, and so on. Calculate the distance in both kilometers and miles represented by each of the following:
Approximately 5.878 x 1012 miles or 9.461 x 1015 meters, a light-year is the maximum distance light can travel in a single year..
What is light year and calculate the distance in both kilometers and miles?A light year is the distance light travels in one year, approximately 9.461 x 10^15 meters or 5.878 x 10^12 miles.A light-second is the distance that light can travel in one second, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters or approximately 186,282.397 miles.A light-minute is the distance that light can travel in one minute, which is approximately 17,987,000,000 meters or approximately 11,162,913.12 miles.A light-hour is the distance that light can travel in one hour, which is approximately 1,079,000,000,000 meters or approximately 669,573,787.2 miles.A light-day is the distance that light can travel in one day, which is approximately 25,902,000,000,000 meters or approximately 16,093,441,632 miles.A light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year, which is approximately 9.461 x 10^15 meters or approximately 5.878 x 10^12 miles.To learn more about light year refer:
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a force applied to a 3kg mass over a distance of 7.5m, increase the velocity of the mass from 5m/s. calculate the magnitude of the force assume the force and the displacement of the mass are parallel
The magnitude of the force assuming the force and the displacement of the mass is parallel is 10 N.
What is force?An agent with the ability to change a body's resting or moving condition is known as an external force. It has a magnitude and a direction. The place where force is applied is called the application, and the direction in which it is applied is called the direction of the force.
The Force can be computed using a spring balance. The SI unit of force is Newton (N).
What is the displacement with an example in physics?Displacement is the change in the location of an object independent of the direction it is traveling. Displacement is a vector quantity since it takes into consideration both the magnitude and the direction of an object's motion. As a vector quantity, displacement can have a positive, negative, or zero value.
Given:
m = 3kg
distance = 7.5m
Velocity = 5m/s
Now, we can calculate the time
Velocity = displacement/time
Time t = 7.5/5
Time t = 1.5s
F = ma
[tex]F = 3*\frac{v}{t}[/tex]
[tex]F = 3*\frac{5}{1.5}[/tex]
F = 3×3.33
F = 9.99
F = 10N
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what's the average speed of a bike rider who rides for 3 hours at 40 km/hr and the 2 more hours at 50 km/hr
The average speed of a bike rider who rides for 3 hours at 40 km/hr and two more hours at 50 km/hr can be calculated by adding the total number of kilometers ridden and dividing it by the total time taken.
In this case, the rider has ridden for a total of 5 hours and has covered a total of 290km (3×40 + 2 × 50). Therefore, the average speed of the rider is 58km/hr (290/5).
Average speed can be defined as the rate at which an object covers a given distance over a given period. It is usually measured in kilometers per hour (km/hr), meters per second (m/s), or miles per hour (mph).
Average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken. In this case, the rider has ridden for a total of 5 hours and has covered a total of 290km (3 × 40 + 2 × 50).
Therefore, the average speed of the rider is 58km/hr (290/5).
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If you have a set of holiday lights that is on a series circuit, predict what would happen if the series circuit were cut off in the middle. Infer how this would differ from what would happen with a parallel circuit.
If the series circuit that powers your holiday lights were to be severed in the middle. The lights would all stop functioning. Only one light would stop working if the lights were linked in parallel circuit.
A series circuit is a straightforward circuit that enables electrons to go between one or more resistors. A resistor is anything that drains energy from a cell (battery). The resistor in a series circuit is typically a lightbulb. A series circuit is one in which the entire current flows through each element. A series circuit is a straightforward circuit that enables electrons to go between one or more resistors.
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After seeing the fur rubbed with the rod attract the neutral paper, imagine you had an instrument that lets you zoom in enough to see what the paper and rod are made of. Draw a model that shows what happens to the neutral paper to cause it to move towards the charged rod. Make sure to label everything in your model
Seeing the fur rubbed with the rod attracts neutral paper, this happens because the friction of the rod with the rubbed can produce a static electric force. It is this static electric force that causes the pieces of paper to be attracted and rod up.
If the rod or ruler has been rubbed into the hair, then brought closer to the paper, then the paper will lift and stick. Indeed, this can happen due to the presence of an electric charge. When you rub a plastic ruler over your hair, it becomes electrically charged, causing the paper to pull and stick.
The electric charge consists of two types of charge, namely negative charge, and positive charge. However, some objects have an equal amount of negative charge and positive charge. Objects that have the same amount of positive and negative charges are called neutral objects. Initially, a plastic ruler is also an electrically neutral object.
When you rub the ruler against dry hair, it gets an electric charge, because of that electric charge the plastic ruler can exert a force on the paper and pull it closer.
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How is torque calculated using the moment arm?
Torque is calculated using the moment arm is Torque =Lever Arm x Fy (or Force sin( )) Torque = Force (Fm) x Moment Arm.
How is torque moment calculated?Calculating Torque: The formula for torque is =|r| |F|sin = | r | | F | sin, where |r| is the size of the lever arm, |F| is the size of the force vector, and is the angle created between the two vectors.
Is torque equivalent to the moment arm?In mechanics, they have slightly different meanings but the same meaning in physics. The moment is a static force, whereas the torque is a moving force, even though they both have the same unit, N-m. Torque is utilized when there is rotation, whereas moment is used when there isn't.
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You are handed a pring that i 0. 400 m long. You hang the pring from a hook
on the ceiling and attach a 0. 750-kg ma to the other end of the pring. The
tretched pring length i 0. 450 m. What i the pring contant?
The spring constant with given length that stretches upto certain length and has specified mass has a spring constant that is calculated to be 147 N/m.
Given that,
Initial length of the spring = 0.400 m
Final length of the spring = 0.450 m
Change in length, Δx = 0.450 m - 0.400 m = 0.050 m
Mass of the hung object = 0.750 kg
Weight of the hung object, w = 0.750 × 9.8 N = 7.35 N
From Hooke's law it is said that, mathematically
Spring constant = Weight of the hung object/ change in length
Putting in the above given values into the equation, we have,
Spring constant = 7.35/0.050 = 147 N/m
The required spring constant is calculated to be 147 N/m.
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A soccer ball is moving with a momentum of 5 kg m/s when a soccer player
kicks the ball back in the opposite direction. After the kick, the soccer ball
is moving with a momentum of 7 kg m/s. What is the impulse the soccer
player applied to the soccer ball?
The impulse applied to the soccer ball by the soccer player is the combined force and time of the kick applied to the ball.
What do you mean by Impulse?
Impulse is an instantaneous force applied to an object, resulting in a change in the object's momentum. It is a vector quantity, which means that it has both magnitude and direction. Impulse is the product of a force applied to an object for a certain period of time. It is calculated as the product of the average force applied multiplied by the time period over which the force is applied. For example, when a ball is hit with a bat, the force of the bat is applied to the ball for a certain amount of time, resulting in an impulse which causes the ball to move.
1. Calculate the change in momentum of the soccer ball:
Change in momentum = Final Momentum - Initial Momentum
= 7 kg m/s - 5 kg m/s
= 2 kg m/s
2. Calculate the impulse:
Impulse = Change in Momentum
= 2 kg m/s
Therefore, the impulse applied by the soccer player to the soccer ball is 2 kg m/s.
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The Humber Bridge in England has the world's longest single span, 1410 m. Calculate the change in length of the steel deck of the span when the temperature increases from -5.0 degree C to 18.0 degree C.
Assuming the steel deck has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C, the change in length of the steel deck of the span when the temperature increases from -5.0 degree C to 18.0 degree C is 2.16 m. (1410 m x 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C x 23°C = 2.16 m)
Steel is an alloy made of iron and other elements, and is one of the most widely used materials in the world. Steel structures such as bridges are subject to changes in size and shape due to changes in temperature. When steel is exposed to temperatures higher than 0°C, it expands, and when it is exposed to temperatures lower than 0°C, it contracts.
The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is the rate at which the length of an object changes with temperature. This coefficient can vary depending on the type of steel and other factors. For the Humber Bridge, the steel deck of the span has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 12 x 10-6 m/m/°C. Therefore, when the temperature increases from -5.0°C to 18.0°C, the steel deck of the span will expand by 2.16 m.
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________ are designed to smother a small fire and are very useful in putting out a fire on a person.
An extinguishing agent, including such water or chemicals, is stored in a fire extinguisher. It is not intended to put out a large fire, only a small one.
How do fire extinguishers function?To burn, fire needs fuel, heat, and oxygen. In order to stop a fire from spreading, fire extinguishers use a substance to reduce the heat of the flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the oxygen supply. If used by a trained person, a portable fire extinguisher can quickly put out a small fire.
Why is the red fire extinguisher?First off, red is the color linked to both danger and fire, making fire extinguishers an obvious association. Second, red is the color that is easiest to see, particularly in darker settings like a smoke-filled
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A 2.0-kg block of wood is on a level surface where and A 13.7-N force is being applied to the block parallel to the surface. (a) If the block was originally at rest, then (A) it will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be about 15.7 N. (B) it will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be about 13.7 N. (C) it will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be 11.8 N. (D) it will begin to slide with a net force of about 1.9 N acting on the block.
When 13.7-N force is being applied to the block parallel to the surface it will remain at rest, and the force of friction will be about 13.7 N. Hence option B is correct.
How do you determine the frictional force?The resistive force of friction (Fr), which pushes the items together, is divided by the normal or perpendicular force (N), which pushes them apart, to produce the coefficient of friction (fr), which is a numerical value. The following formula represents it: fr = Fr/N.
What does physics mean by a frictional force?Force which prevents one solid object from rolling or slipping over another. Although frictional forces can be advantageous, such as the traction required to walk without slipping, they also provide a significant amount of resistance to motion.
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An infinite line of charge produces a field of magnitude 4.5 ( 104 N/C at distance 2.0 m. Find the linear charge density.
the linear charge density of the infinite line of charge is 5 x 10^-6 C/m.
The linear charge density (λ) of an infinite line of charge is a measure of the charge per unit length. It is given by the equation:
λ = E / k. Where E is the electric field strength at a given point and k is the Coulomb's constant (9 x 10^9 N m²/C²). We know that the electric field strength at a distance of 2.0 m from the line of charge is 4.5 x 10^4 N/C. So we can substitute these values into the equation above to find the linear charge density:λ = (4.5 x 10^4 N/C) / (9 x 10^9 N m²/C²) λ = 5 x 10^-6 C/m Therefore, the linear charge density of the infinite line of charge is 5 x 10^-6 C/m. This means that there is 5 x 10^-6 Coulombs of charge per meter of length on the line of charge.
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o, the point at which we lose awareness of the intervals and begin to see apparent motion seems to kick in at around ________ frames per second. 16 - 20
The point at which we lose awareness of the intervals and begin to see apparent motion seems to kick in at around 8 - 12 frames per second.
What is frames per second?The frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed is known as frame rate and is expressed in frames per second (FPS). The phrase is equally applicable to motion capture devices, computer graphics, and film and video cameras.
Frame frequency, also known as frame rate, is measured in hertz. Frame rate in electronic camera specifications may refer to the highest possible rate, whereas in practise, other settings (like exposure time), may reduce the frequency to a lower number.
Individual differences exist in both the type and properties of the visual stimulus as well as the temporal sensitivity and resolution of human vision. The human visual system can process 10–12 images per second, each of which is perceived individually; higher rates are interpreted as motion.
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Two negative charges of 42 nC are separated by 46 cm. What is the magnitude of the force acting on each object?
The magnitude of the force acting on each object is equal to 3.87 x 10-8 N.
The magnitude of the force acting on each object can be calculated using Coulomb's law, which states that the electrostatic force (F) between two point objects with charges (q1 and q2) is equal to the product of the electric constant (k) and the product of the charges divided by the square of the distance (r) between them.
Thus, the formula for calculating the force is F = k(q1q2)/r2. In this case, the charges are both -42 nC, and the distance is 0.46 m. The electric constant is 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2. Thus, the magnitude of the force acting on each object is equal to 3.87 x 10-8 N
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Suppose you have a light spring stretched out and one end is attached to a wall. With this setup, you can move the free end in any of three directions (x,y, z). The spring lies along the z axis.
Which type of wave do you create when you move the free end along the z axis?
Which type of wave do you create when you move the free end along the x axis?
Which type of wave do you create when you move the free end along the y axis?
CHoose one for each.
transverse
longitudinal
When you move a stretched out light spring one end attached to a wall lying in z-axis along z-axis, you get a longitudinal wave and when along x-axis or y-axis, you get a transverse wave.
When you move the free end of the spring along the z axis (the axis along which the spring is stretched), you create a longitudinal wave. This is because the displacement of the spring particles is in the same direction as the direction of wave propagation.
When you move the free end of the spring along the x axis, you create a transverse wave. This is because the displacement of the spring particles is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
When you move the free end of the spring along the y axis, you create a transverse wave. Similarly to x axis, the displacement of the spring particles is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
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When you step on the break, the car engine rotation rate decreases from 10 rad/s to 6.3 rad/s in 5.0 s. What is the magnitude of the average angular acceleration
The average angular acceleration has a value of 0.74 rad/s2.
What leads to a reduction in angular speed?Applying a force tangential to the rim and in the direction of the instantaneous velocity of the piece of the rim you are applying the force to will most likely increase the angular speed. Reversing the direction of the force will slow down the angular speed.
What are the positions of and when rotation is accelerating?(rad/s)/s or rad/s2 are the units of angular acceleration. If rises, is a positive number. is negative if it decreases. Remember that the positive direction is counterclockwise and the negative direction is clockwise.
F = m r α . τ=mr2α. τ = m r 2 α
initial rotaton speed=10rad/s
final speed=6.3rad/s
time=5sec.
α=(10-6.3)/5 =.74rad/s
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The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying double the force is
A) half as much
.B) twice as much.
C) four times as much.
D) the same amount.
The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying double the force is twice as much as force.
What is Force?
A push or pull that an object experiences as a result of interacting with another item is known as a force. Every time two items interact, a force is exerted on each of the objects. The force is no longer felt by the two objects when the interaction ends.
Contact forces are the kinds of forces that develop when two objects interact and appear to be in physical contact with one another. Frictional forces, tensional forces, normal forces, air resistance forces, and applied forces are a few examples of contact forces.
Forces that come from action at a distance.
Therefore, The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying double the force is twice as much as force.
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The resistance of a filament that carries 2 A when a 10-V potential difference across it is. A) 2 ohms. B) 5 ohms. C) 10 ohms. D) 20 ohms.
The resistance of the filament which carries the current of 2 A and has a potential difference of 10 V is b) 5 ohms
The current passing through the filament = 2A
The potential difference in the filament = 10 V
The resistance of the filament can be found using the formula,
R = V/I
where R is the resistance of the filament
V is the potential difference between the filament
I is the current passing through the filament
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation, we get
R = 10 / 2
= 5 ohms
Therefore, the resistance of the filament is 5 ohms
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How to calculate distance of a ball rolling down a ramp?
With the equation: it is possible to determine t for each of the four ramp segments. t 1 = t 2 - t 1, and t 2 = t 4 - t 3 Likewise, x is the distance between the designated spots for times 3 and 4, respectively.
Although the gravitational force is same when you roll the ball down a ramp, it is no longer in free fall. Now, it has a vector structure. Knowing the downward force and the ramp's incline makes the problem appear to be Pythagorean. Keep in mind that the ball will go at the same speed at the bottom of the ramp as it would have. A ball begins rolling down a ramp with constant acceleration at time zero (t=0), initially at rest. It moves 1 foot between t=0 and t=1 seconds, you see. How much movement occurs between t = 1 second and a.
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Fossils of the same life form species have been found on continents that are now divided by oceans. In one to two sentences, explain how this could be possible if a supercontinent did not exist. Explain Simply. Pls hurry
Answer:
This could be possible if the continents were once connected and then separated by plate tectonics, allowing the same species to spread across the land before it was divided by oceans.
Explanation:
This isn't a Physics question, do check your category before posting next time
Which of the following bodies are at thermal equilibrium when being put into contact? (1) A glass of water of internal energy E at 20 °C (2) Alcohol with unknown internal energy at 20 °C (3) A jar of water of internal energy E at 25 °C A(1) and (2) only B(1) and (3) only C(2) and (3) only D(1), (2) and (3)
When two bodies at equal temperature are brought in contact with each other then no heat flows between them and they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
When bodies in contact are in thermal equilibrium then they have the same?When the engine temperature eventually reaches the same level as the ambient temperature, thermal equilibrium has taken place. After being placed on the table and waiting a short while, a cup of hot tea cools to the same temperature as its surroundings.
This is where thermal equilibrium occurs. the set temperature at which all of a solid's mass melts. When the solid turns into a liquid, both the solid and the liquid coexist in the thermal equilibrium.
The individual drove himself to his location. The engine temperature was excessively high during that time, but it eventually dropped to the air temperature outside. When the engine temperature eventually reaches air temperature, thermal equilibrium has occurred.
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A(1) and (2) only of the following bodies are at thermal equilibrium when being put into contact. i.e. (1) A glass of water of internal energy E at 20 °C (2) Alcohol with unknown internal energy at 20 °C .
What is thermal equilibrium?When two physical systems are linked by a channel permeable to heat, they are said to be in thermal equilibrium if there is no net transfer of thermal energy between them. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is observed during thermal equilibrium.As internal energy is measured in terms of the body temperature, when two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, their internal energies will also be equal.
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How many grams are in 268.0 mg
0.268 because grams are 1000 times bigger than mg
1 milligram = 0.001 grams
268.0mg * 0.001g
[tex]=\fbox{0.268 grams}[/tex]