Scientists are trying to save coral reefs.
The world’s coral reefs render a lot of service to the planet than providing the beauty underwater.
They buffer shorelines from the effects of hurricanes. An estimated 500 million people sustain their livelihoods from the fishing stocks and tourism opportunities reefs give. The animals that give rise to reefs are even offering hope for new drugs to manage cancer and other diseases.
But now, on World Oceans Day on June 8, scientists caution that these and other strategies may only get reefs time until world leaders implement climate change action.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to save and maybe even revive corals. One choice is to create marine protected areas—essentially national parks in the ocean. Scientists say creating marine refuges, where fishing, mining, and recreating are off-limits, makes the coral reefs healthier, and so more resilient.
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What does this mean DNA → RNA → protein?
DNA → RNA → protein means the term “central dogma.”
The central dogma of the molecular biology is a premise which states that ancestory particulars flows only in the one direction, starting from DNA, to RNA, than to protein, or RNA directly to the protein. In The Central Dogma, we get to know about the valuable places of runner RNA, the transferred RNA and the ribosomal RNA within the protein- structure process.
DNA is the reinforcement of the particulars, which captures the instructions for processing of other large molecules, which are called proteins. These instructions are kept within the cells, and than scattered among the chromosomes. These chromosomes are piled up of the thousands of little corridor of DNA, known as genes.
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What are the 4 steps of Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle has three basic phases carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
In carbon fixation, two to three molecules of carbon phosphoglycerate are produced when CO2 binds to RuBP. The chloroplast stroma contains the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.
In reduction, 3-PGA molecules are transformed into glucose molecules, which are sugar molecules. Energy for this stage is provided by ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent activities of photosynthesis.
In regeneration, third phase requires ATP. At this stage, a portion of the G3P molecules are used to produce glucose, while the remainder are recycled to replenish the RuBP acceptor.
Hence, the calvin cycles provide energy as well as substrate.
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In which two ways do plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis?
A.
To store energy for life processes
B.
To make more complex sugar molecules
C.
To produce carbon dioxide
D.
To produce hydrogen ions
Answer:
the two ways in which plants use sugar made during photosynthesis are A and B.
Explanation:
A. plants need further energy to carry out their major functions like - respiration and transpiration for which they need sugar obtained during photosynthesis .
B. plants need starch and cellulose as a food which are also sugar products.
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The two ways in which plant cells use sugar made in photosynthesis are to store energy for life processes and to make complex sugar molecules. The correct options are A and B.
Plant cells utilize the sugars produced in photosynthesis in various ways.
They store some of the sugar as energy reserves for life processes. This storage is often in the form of starch or other complex carbohydrates, which can be broken down later to release energy as needed.
The sugars are also used to synthesize more complex molecules. These include polysaccharides like cellulose, which form the structural components of the cell wall, as well as other carbohydrates such as sucrose, which are used for transport and energy storage within the plant.
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide from the environment along with sunlight and water to produce sugars.
Hydrogen ions are involved in certain cellular processes, such as ATP synthesis during cellular respiration, but their production is not directly linked to the utilization of sugars.
Thus, the correct options are A and B.
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having freckles is dominant over not having freckles, and curly hair is dominant over straight hair. one parent is homozygous for freckles and has straight hair. the other parent does not have freckles and has straight hair. what are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? freckles with curly hairfreckles with straight hairno freckles with curly hairno freckles with straight hair
Answer:
freckles with straight hair
no freckles with straight hair
Explanation:
In this scenario, having freckles is dominant over not having freckles, and curly hair is dominant over straight hair. The first parent is homozygous for freckles, meaning that they have two copies of the gene for freckles, and they have straight hair. The second parent does not have freckles and has straight hair.
There are two possible genotypes for the first generation offspring[F1] with respect to freckles: they could inherit one copy of the gene for freckles from each parent (meaning they would be heterozygous for freckles and would have freckles), or they could inherit two copies of the gene for not having freckles [meaning they would be homozygous for not having freckles and would not have freckles].
There are also two possible genotypes for the offspring with respect to hair type: they could inherit one copy of the gene for straight hair and one copy of the gene for curly hair (meaning they would be heterozygous for straight hair), or they could inherit two copies of the gene for straight hair (meaning they would be homozygous for straight hair and would have straight hair).
Given these possible genotypes, there are four possible phenotypes for the F1 offspring: freckles with straight hair, freckles with curly hair, no freckles with straight hair, and no freckles with curly hair. However, since both parents have straight hair, it is not possible for the offspring to have curly hair, so the only possible phenotypes are freckles with straight hair and no freckles with straight hair.
Answer:
freckles with straight hair and no freckles with straight hair.
Explanation:
FILL IN THE BLANK. the bond order of a homonuclear diatomic molecule can be decreased by ________.
Answer:
removing electron from a Bonding Molecular Orbital or by adding electrons to AntiBonding Molecular Orbital.
Is atherosclerosis an aging disease?
Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of Atherosclerosis , as arteriosclerosis is classified as a geriatric disease.
Aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial function and increased IL-6 levels in the vasculature, both effects believed to accelerate atherosclerosis due to habitual hyperlipidemia alone. Atherosclerosis is an independent form of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries. This buildup is called plaque. Plaque can cause arteries to narrow and block blood flow. Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of arteries caused by plaque buildup in the lining of the arteries. Risk factors include high cholesterol and triglycerides, high blood pressure, age, smoking, diabetes, roundness, exercise, and saturated fat consumption.
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What are the arguments for and against GM food?
The arguments for and against GM food are:
Genetic manipulation overcomes natural barriers by combining organism characteristics in ways that would never be possible in nature.Genetic engineering has not been sufficiently researched and tested for use in the food chain, and it is based on outdated ideas about how DNA works. Furthermore, developing just one GM plant variety costs millions of dollars, money that could be spent on the more sustainable alternatives.The long-term impacts on health as well as nature seem to be largely unknown and understudied. Not that all research findings indicating GMO problems are made public.Genetic engineering endangers biodiversity. It encourages the spread of monocultures throughout agriculture. Numerous animals and plants in the fields' vicinity will perish as a result of this treatment.GMO crops also require fewer pesticide applications, which benefits the environment. The main concerns about GMOs revolve around allergies, cancer, as well as environmental issues, all of which may have an impact on the consumer.
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Match the neuron type with its function. Drag statements on the right to match the left. Sensory (afferent) neuron Located in PSN; carry impulses away from the CNS Motor (efferent) neuron C-a Located in PNS; carry impulses toward the CNS Interneuron co Located in the CNS: integrate sensory signals Do you know the answer? I know it Think so Unsure No idea
Sensory neuron located in PSN carry impulses toward the CNS.
What are the functions of sensory neuron?Unipolar cell bodies of sensory neurons are located within sensory ganglia which may be in the dorsal root of the spinal cord or along cranial nerves.
Sensory neurons are the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment - for example, when you touch a hot surface with your fingertips, the sensory neurons will be the ones firing.
Sensory nerves carry signals to your brain to help you touch, taste, smell and see. Motor nerves carry signals to your muscles or glands to help you move and function.
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Summarize how energy changes during a chemical reaction as bonds are broken and formed. Also Explain the overall function of enzymes in biochemical reactions like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Answer:
In a chemical reaction, energy is required to break the existing bonds between atoms in the reactants, and energy is released when new bonds are formed to create the products. The net change in energy during a chemical reaction is known as the reaction's heat of reaction or enthalpy change. This energy change can be either endothermic (absorbing heat) or exothermic (releasing heat), depending on the specifics of the reaction.
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. In photosynthesis, enzymes facilitate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy that can be used by plants to produce carbohydrates. In cellular respiration, enzymes facilitate the conversion of the chemical energy stored in food into a form that can be used by cells to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. Overall, enzymes play a crucial role in enabling the chemical reactions that sustain life.
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Explanation:
Label the structures of the thyroid gland. Larynx Follicular cell Thymus gland Isthmus 8 Colloid Extrafollicular cell Thyroid gland Neurosecretory cell
The larynx, often known as the sound box, is the organ that is responsible for the creation of sound in the human body.
The thyroid gland is one of the primary endocrine glands in our bodies. It has a role in the generation of thyroid hormones, including T3 and T4, both of which contribute to the maintenance of a normal metabolic rate in the body. The region of the thyroid gland known as the isthmus connects the right lobe to the left lobe of the thyroid gland. The fluid that is present in the thyroid follicle is called the colloid of the thyroid gland, and it contains the prohormone thyroglobulin. It is the follicular cell that is responsible for the generation and secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine. Follicular cells are generated around the colloid (T3). Extrafollicular cells are found around follicular cells, and they are also referred to as parafollicular cells. These cells are important in the production of a hormone known as calcitonin. Extrafollicular cells are found surrounding follicular cells.
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plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules by
Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules by Carotenoids.
Along with chlorophylls, carotenoids are essential pigments in photosynthetic organs.
The plant is shielded from UV (ultraviolet) damage by carotenoids. They actually prevent UV-induced free radical formation in the photosynthetic membrane, making them antioxidants and protecting agents. In PSII complexes, their ability to quench 3Chl and 1O2 has been demonstrated in vitro. In non-photosynthetic plant organs, carotenoids also play roles as photo protectors, antioxidants, color attractants, and plant hormone precursors.
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Is TAA a stop codon?
Yes, TAA is a major stop codon.
A codon is a three- nucleotide or a trio chain set up on the mRNA that ciphers for a certain amino acid during paraphrasing. A chain of three successive nucleotides within a deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA reinforcement that ciphers for a particular amino acid. Certain codons signal the beginning or ending of paraphrase. These are known as the beginners or stop( or termination) codons.
A stop codon is a chain of three nucleotides( a three- nucleotide) in deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA( particularly mRNA) that signals a start to protein amalgamate within the cell. There are 64 various typesof trinucleotide codons, out of which 61 specify amino acids and 3 are there to signify stop codons( i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
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Match each sponge cell to its description.
Egg and sperm cell => Cells involved in sexual reproduction
Amboid cells => Cells found within the mesohyl of the sponge
Epithelial cells=> Flattened cells that surround the body of the sponge
choanocytes =>Flaggelated, collar cells
The sperm floats through the water before eventually passing through a pore into a sponge cell of the same species and being carried to the female eggs.
Some animals return the fertilised eggs to the water after fertilisation. In the case of other species, the eggs stay in the sponge cell until the larvae emerge. One of the tiniest cells in the male body is the sperm. They consist of a lengthy tail, some mitochondria, and a tiny nucleus with little cytoplasm. Unlike the spherical form of the egg cell, they are straight. A sperm cell has a head, a middle section, and a tail.
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Mason used a 30% coupon to buy a new computer. After the discount, the cost of the computer was $728.
By dividing the required value by the entire value and multiplying the result by 100, the percentage is computed.
The computer cost 1040 when it was new.
Mason used the coupon to save 312 dollars.
What is a percentage?By dividing the required value by the entire value and multiplying the result by 100, the percentage is computed.
Example:
The necessary percentage value is a.
Value total = b
a/b x 100 Equals percentage
We've got
30% off with coupon
Computer price after discount = 728
As a result, the cost of the computer is only 70% as intended because 30% is incorrect.
70% = 728
The original pricing is 100%, as far as we know.
So,
70% = 728
multiply all sides of 100/70.
100/70 x 70% = 100/70 x 728
100% = 1040
The computer originally cost 1040.
Savings amount is:
= 1040 - 728
= 312
Thus,
The computer cost 1040 when it was new.
Mason used the coupon to save 312 dollars.
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a bacterium has a special need for 6-phosphogluconate. what precursors and possible cofactors are needed in the most efficient (fewer number of enzymes) to generate this? (if multiple substrates would be created, assume they can be easily recycled.) products from nucleic acid catabolism intermediates from glycolysis glucose-6-phosphate from glycogen and nadp glucose-6-phosphate from glycogen and nadph products from nucleic acid catabolism and nadph
Answer:
To generate 6-phosphogluconate, the bacterium would need precursors from nucleic acid catabolism and intermediates from glycolysis. The bacterium would also need the cofactors NADP and NADPH. These precursors and cofactors can be obtained from the breakdown of glycogen, as well as from the catabolism of nucleic acids. In the most efficient pathway, the bacterium would use enzymes to convert these precursors and cofactors into 6-phosphogluconate. It is possible that additional enzymes and cofactors may be needed in this process, depending on the specific requirements of the bacterium.
A scientist is observing a sample of cells from a newly discovered organism under a microscope to determine how the organism reproduces. the scientist observes one cell divide producing two cells which are not like the original. each of these two cells then divide again, producing four new cells. which of the following best compares the new cells to the parent cell?
The one that compares the new cells to the parent cell is option A. mitosis
Why is the description a mitosis?The new cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. They are produced through the process of cell division, which is the way in which cells reproduce. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
In mitosis, a single parent cell divides into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. In meiosis, the parent cell divides into four daughter cells that are genetically diverse.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above. It can then be concluded that the concept which compares the new cells to the parent cell.
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The complete question goes thus:
A scientist is observing a sample of cells from a newly discovered organism under a microscope to determine how the organism reproduces. the scientist observes one cell divide producing two cells which are not like the original. each of these two cells then divide again, producing four new cells. which of the following best compares the new cells to the parent cell?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
Which of the following is important to remember when providing care to adults ages 80 and older? O All older adults have some mental decline O All older adults suffer from some generaliment O There is no reason to assume mental decine has occurred
O It is not necessary to update immunizations
It is important to remember when providing care to adults ages 80 and older that all older adults suffer from some of the generaliment that is present in the second option.
What is the importance of medical checkups for older people?In general, older patients suffer from certain general diseases, such as high rates of cardiac disease, dementia, low immunity, and so on, so medical checks help them take better care of themselves.
Hence, it is important to remember when providing care to adults ages 80 and older that all older adults suffer from some of the generaliment that is present in the second option.
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Homeostasis and Cell Transport 1. What does selective transport or selectively permeable mean? 2. What types of organic molecules make up a cell membrane? 3. What is the function of the cell membrane? 4. What is diffusion? 5. What is facilitated diffusion? 6. What is equilibrium? Give exam
Answer:
What is called mung in English?
The term which indicates ,Something disgusting or offensive especially Filth or muck .
Origin of mung is first recorded in 1945-50 , it is computing slang to process in which the computer data and also meant for making dirt followed , to make incremental changes to a file or an a system eventually ruining or destroying the original and to modify an email address in an easily reversible way in order to avoid spam any substance that considers as disgustingly foul or unpleasant play and the state of being covered with unclean things plays and a state which is characterized by foul or disgusting dirt termed as filth as common.
It is an offensive or indecent word or phrase
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Mitosis occurs in somatic cells. When a liver cell divides to create new liver cells it will create _.
Answer:
identical daughter cells
Explanation:
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells. When a liver cell divides to create new liver cells it will create identical daughter cells.
Do viruses not have a cell wall?
Answer:
Yes, viruses lack cell wall but they have external covering which cannot be referred to as cell wall
I need some help on this question!
Bioethics is the study of ethical, legal and the social issues that arise in the biomedical and the bio medicine research that will be arising in the life sciences.
What is the requirement of bioethical needs in our society ?In order to raise the valid questions and validations regarding the research and the various experiments that are happening in the field of research that whether they are following ethical norms or not.
Doctors Without Borders analyses strict neutrality along with impartiality in name of the universal and medical ethics and right to the humanitarian help and demands full and unhindered freedom in the exercise of its functions.
The correct answer is option C that encourages the doctors to treat patients without the any kind of restrictions and regulations along with the norms and the various authentic statements that can be accepted.
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What is the sequence order of DNA?
The four chemical bases of the DNA double helix always associate with the same mate to induce" base dyads," which are appertained to as the sequence order of DNA. Adenine( A) always dyads with thymine( T), but cytosine( C) always dyads with guanine( G).
The natural information that cells bear to develop and serve is decoded in the sequence of the bases, which are constantly appertained to by the original letters of their chemical names A, T, C, andG.
Understanding the function of genes and other factors of the genome depends on establishing the DNA's sequence. DNA sequencing may presently be done using a variety of ways, each with unique parcels, and the creation of new ways is a current focus of genomics exploration.
Sequencing DNA is the process of determining the locales of the four chemical" bases," or molecular structure blocks, that make up the DNA patch. Experimenters can determine what kind of inheritable information is stored in a certain DNA member thanks to the sequence. For case, scientists can use sequence data to determine which DNA stretches include genes and which DNA parts have nonsupervisory instructions that turn genes on and off. Sequence data can also — and this is important — highlight changes connected to genes that might beget complaint.
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What process is unique to meiosis?
Process of crossing over is unique to meiosis.
Crossover refers to the exchange of genetic material or chromosome segments between non-sister chromosomes during meiosis. This occurs between homologous regions of matched chromosomes and during chromosome exchange.
The crossover or recombination of genetic material between pairs of chromosomes occurs during meiosis I but not during meiosis II. This occurs during meiosis I during a long and complex prophase I, which is divided into five sub-phases. The offspring differ due to the exchange of chromosomal material. This is very important in the evolutionary process. The crossover of frequencies helps to create genetic maps.
Crossbreeding is the process by which germline genetic material is exchanged. The tendency for genes to stick together in a chromosome is called gene linkage.
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What would happen to a cell that did not have any smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is crucial for lipid synthesis. The organelle responsible for the synthesis of biomolecules is known as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). There won't be any lipid creation if SER is missing from the cell.
'What is SER and its functions?'
Most eukaryotic cells have the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER), a membrane organelle. It is a portion of the endoplasmic reticulum's endomembrane system. The synthesis of lipids, the production of steroid hormones, the removal of toxic metabolic waste products, and the storage and utilization of calcium ions within the cell are its primary tasks. The absence of membrane-bound ribosomes sets the smooth ER apart from the other endoplasmic reticulum regions. This organelle is particularly distinctive physically and frequently consists of tubular organelles termed cisternae.
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What is it called when 2 genes are the same?
For each chromosomal region where such variation exists, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
If the two alleles are identical, the individual is homozygous for that allele. If the alleles differ, the individual is heterozygous.
Alleles are matching genes, one from our biological mother and one from our biological father.
We have two copies of every gene (strings of code that drive some biological function on our chromosomes). They might be identical, although they frequently have minor variances.
If the paired alleles are the same, the organism's genotype is said to be homozygous for that characteristic; if they are different, the organism's genotype is heterozygous.
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Manuel and three other students are studying the effects of various factors on the growth of plants in a garden. Manuel is asked to investigate the effects of abiotic factors that involve the geosphere. The other three students are investigating effects that involve the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
Which factor would be entirely Manuel's responsibility to investigate?
The size of the rocks mixed into the garden soil would be entirely Manuel's responsibility to investigate.
What is geosphere?The non-living components of the environment, or abiotic influences, have a significant impact on living things. They may assist in figuring out topics like how tall trees grow, the locations of various animals and plants, and the causes of bird migration. Abiotic variables including water, sunshine, oxygen, soil, and temperature are crucial.
The solid parts of the Earth are known as the geosphere. All other layers of the Earth's interior are also a part of it, as well as the continental and oceanic crust.
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What are 3 sources of carbon for photosynthesis?
There are three main places where these sources are found: in industrial processes, in the processing of natural gas, and in fuel combustion activities.
Carbon dioxide and water are changed into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis using the energy from light. 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules are created from 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules.
When the oxygen-evolving complex splits water to supply protons and electrons to the chloroplastic electron chain, ATP and NADPH are produced, which serve as the energy source and reducing power for plant metabolism. Oxygen (O2) is evolved during photosynthetic electron transport.
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how did exercise affect the time needed for the solution to change colour
The pace turns the solution turns yellow during the exercise rises.
When exercising for a predetermined amount of time, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is measured using the acid indicator BTB [Bromothymol blue]. The blue solution turns yellow when carbon dioxide is present. The pace at which the solution becomes yellow increases with the amount of carbon dioxide present. The muscles we use during exercise require more energy. When exercise can be managed, aerobic methods mostly satisfy this need. Since more oxygen is taken in and more carbon dioxide is out when muscles are working hard, this results in an increase in the rate of gas exchange in the lungs. These metabolic gases are carried to and from your tissues by your blood.
The amount of energy your body is using has a significant impact on the amount of carbon dioxide produced. For basic functions including those of your heart and digestive system, your body constantly needs energy. This indicates that carbon dioxide is also continuously released.
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Does Claire have PTSD?
Claire begins to experience memories of World War II as our favorite Scottish highlanders get ready for their fight against the British she didn't have PTSD.
Show creator Matthew Roberts said, "I was always interested in what happened to her throughout the war. The details of Claire's WWII experience are sparsely scattered among the volumes.Because Claire's journey is primarily internal in the books, Roberts tried to come up with a way to depict this without a lot of voiceover. You might question why it's affecting her now, given how little she's even spoken about her time serving as a war nurse, especially since she didn't have PTSD then. (Or what she may have called shell shock.
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