A cell that starts with a 2n chromosome number of 12 goes through Mitosis. How many chromosomes are found in each of the two resulting cells after Mitosis is complete?
a.)24
b.)6
c.)4
d.)12
I put eggs in incubator at 99.5 degrees ferrinhiet for some reason incubator went to 114 degrees are embryos dead (macaw parrot eggs).
Answer:
Explanation:
Unfortunately, it is likely that the embryos in the macaw parrot eggs have died due to the high temperature of 114 degrees Fahrenheit (45.6 degrees Celsius). The optimal temperature for incubating macaw parrot eggs is around 99.5-100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.5-37.8 degrees Celsius), and temperatures outside of this range can have negative effects on the development of the embryos. In particular, high temperatures can cause the embryos to develop too quickly, which can result in developmental abnormalities and death.If you have any concerns about the viability of the eggs, you may want to consult with a veterinarian or experienced avian breeder for advice. They may be able to provide guidance on how to assess the status of the embryos and determine if any measures can be taken to improve their chances of survival.
Cell signaling and signal transduction lab questions please help!!
1. The ligand binding and signal transduction processes of GPCR-mediated cellular signaling can be directly affected by SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene that affect an individual's ability to detect the bitter chemical PTC. This is because ligand interaction activates the GPCR by causing conformational changes in the receptor that enable it to bind to G-proteins and subsequently initiate the signal transduction cascade.
2. (d) If different TAS2R38 protein variants bind to ligands differently, the affected region will be the extracellular region of the protein. This is because GPCRs are membrane proteins with a C-terminus that is internal and an N-terminus that is external.
The extracellular domain of the GPCR, which is known to differ significantly between different GPCR subtypes, is involved in binding to ligands. Therefore, modifications in the TAS2R38 protein brought about by SNPs are expected to have an effect on the extracellular domain and affect the protein's ability to bind particular ligands.
(b) If different TAS2R38 proteins interact differently with the G-protein, the intracellular region(s) of the protein are most likely to be altered. This is due to the fact that GPCRs interact with G-proteins through their C-terminus and intracellular loops, which act to activate signal transduction pathways downstream.
Consequently, modifications in the TAS2R38 protein brought about by the SNP would probably affect the intracellular domain and alter its ability to engage in specific interactions with G-proteins.
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The cellular machinery use theses instructions to a string of corresponding amino acids
The order of nucleotides in a gene contains the instructions utilized by the cellular machinery to link together corresponding amino acids. Genes are sections of DNA that contain information needed to create proteins. The genetic code determines the order of nucleotides in a gene, which in turn specifies the order of amino acids in a protein.
The genetic code is a collection of guidelines that specify how amino acids and nucleotide triplets (codons) match together. The ribosome, a component of the cellular machinery in charge of protein synthesis, translates a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule's codon sequence into a corresponding sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. This procedure entails the binding of particular transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to the codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA), each of which carries an individual amino acid that is appropriate for the codon.
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The order of nucleotides in a gene contains the instructions utilized by the cellular machinery to link together corresponding amino acids. Genes are sections of DNA that contain information needed to create proteins. The genetic code determines the order of nucleotides in a gene, which in turn specifies the order of amino acids in a protein.
The genetic code is a collection of guidelines that specify how amino acids and nucleotide triplets (codons) match together. The ribosome, a component of the cellular machinery in charge of protein synthesis, translates a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule's codon sequence into a corresponding sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. This procedure entails the binding of particular transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to the codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA), each of which carries an individual amino acid that is appropriate for the codon.
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Determine the surface area-to-volume ratio of the four L. lactis groups. Identify the group with the greatest surface area-to-volume ratio and explain what this largest ratio means with respect to galactose breakdown.
Answer:
Without more information about the specific L. lactis groups being referred to, I cannot provide a definitive answer to this question. However, in general, the surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell can be calculated as follows:
Surface area-to-volume ratio = Surface area / Volume
The surface area of a cell is important because it determines the amount of nutrients and waste that can pass in and out of the cell. The volume of a cell is important because it determines the amount of metabolic activity that can occur within the cell.
In general, cells with a high surface area-to-volume ratio are more efficient at exchanging nutrients and waste, because they have a larger surface area relative to their volume. This is particularly important for cells that require a lot of nutrients to function, such as cells that are actively breaking down galactose.
If one of the L. lactis groups has a particularly high surface area-to-volume ratio, this could indicate that the cells in that group are particularly efficient at exchanging nutrients and waste, and thus may be more effective at breaking down galactose. However, other factors such as enzyme activity and gene expression could also play a role in determining how effectively the cells are able to break down galactose.
Question 12
The researchers predicted that they would see evidence of eutrophication in the upper estuary d
to its close proximity to urbanization, and that they would not see evidence of eutrophication in
lower estuary due to it being further away from urbanization.
Use complete sentences to write a conclusion discussing whether the data you calculated and
graphed supported this prediction or not, and why.
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12
12pt Paragraph ✓ BIUAT²V
Name the three possible ways pharyngeal slits can be present in a vertebrate.
Answer:
pharynx, throat and the outside
Explanation:
Pharyngeal slits are a third chordate feature; these are openings between the pharynx, or throat, and the outside. They have been modified extensively in the course of evolution. In primitive chordates, these slits are used to filter food particles from the water.
(d) a species of intertidal plant has thick shiny leaves that reflect sunlight make a claim about which area of the intertidal zone this plant is best adapted to live in
Based on the description of the plant having thick, shiny leaves that reflect sunlight, it can be inferred that this plant is best adapted to live in the upper intertidal zone.
Where is the plant foundThe upper intertidal zone is the area that is exposed to air and sunlight during low tide and is submerged during high tide. Plants that live in this area are exposed to high levels of sunlight and heat, as well as desiccation (drying out) during low tide. Therefore, plants in this zone need to be adapted to withstand these harsh conditions.
The thick, shiny leaves of the plant described would help to reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the plant, which can help prevent overheating and damage from the sun. Additionally, the thickness of the leaves could help reduce water loss during low tide when the plant is exposed to air and is at risk of desiccation.
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Refer to the figure showing a cell with two pairs of homologous chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis. Genes A (alleles A and a) and D (alleles D and d) are located on the longer pair of chromosomes, and gene B (alleles B and b) is located on the shorter pair.
How many different combinations of A, B and D alleles are possible in the genotypes of the daughter cells produced from this cell?
4
6
8
16
Answer:
16
Explanation:
There are four different possible combinations of A alleles (AA, Aa, aA, aa), two for B alleles (BB, Bb), and four for D alleles (DD, Dd, dD, dd).
Therefore, the total number of different combinations of A, B, and D alleles that can be produced in the daughter cells is:
4 (possible combinations of A alleles) x 2 (possible combinations of B alleles) x 4 (possible combinations of D alleles) = 32
However, we have to keep in mind that these combinations can be mixed and matched in different ways, so we need to divide by the number of possible arrangements of the same alleles (i.e. 2 for A and D alleles and 1 for B alleles) to avoid counting duplicates.
Therefore, the final number of different combinations of A, B, and D alleles that can be produced in the daughter cells is:
(4 x 2 x 4) / (2 x 1) = 16
Hope this helps!
ASAP!!! Please answer the following:
Choose an adaptation you have observed and dig a little deeper using the Internet or informational books to learn more about the benefits of the particular adaptation. Write a 5-8 sentence paragraph that includes the following:
Clearly identify a plant or animal and an observable adaptation.
List and discuss at least two benefits of this adaptation.
List any references to books or websites you use for your research.
The term "adaptation" refers to a living thing's capacity to change to fit its surroundings. During the process of adaptation, a species or creature gradually becomes more adapted to its circumstances.
What is adaptation?The behavioural or physical characteristics of an animal that improve its ability to thrive in its ecosystem are referred to as adaptation.
Animals can adapt by changing how they look to hide from predators (camouflage). distinct animals have evolved distinct adaptations to thrive in their surroundings.
structural changes
These distinctive qualities are specific to the skin, colour, and shape of an organism's bodily parts.
Physiological Adaptations
These are internal mechanisms that enable an organism to carry out specific biochemical processes necessary for survival in its natural environment.
Behavioural Adaptations
These are the behaviours a specific organism exhibits to survive in its ecological environment. Migration of animals and birds is thought to be a type of behavioural adaptation.
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Conduct online research on any one aquatic region (a river, ocean, or lake). Discuss its environmental conditions, such as salinity, water depth, water flow conditions, light conditions, and dissolved oxygen conditions.
Answer:
Salinity- This term refers to the salt content of water.
Salinity can be define as the total salt concentration present in water or any other liquid. It is the environmental factor which fluctuates in the oceanic water. Some of the organisms can tolerate the high salinity levels others are not adapted.
Water flow conditions- Different plants and animals need different conditions to survive. Some prefer flowing streams, and some need shallow water.
The water flow conditions can be determined by the speed of water and it's density. These conditions influence the lives of living beings such as plants and animals.
Water depth- When this factor increases, the amount of sunlight that reaches plants and animals under water decreases.
The water depth can vary among different layers and zones of the water body or aquatic biomes. The deepest zone or layers generally do not receive sunlight as the rays of sunlight are incapable of penetrating the deep water layers.
Dissolved oxygen- Life forms in aquatic biomes need this to survive.
The oxygen is the necessary element that is required for the respiration which is the vital function required for living in both terrestrial and aquatic biomes. In the water, the oxygen get dissolved from the atmosphere.
Remark:
Hope this answer will help you.
Which of the following is an example of
a trait that is NOT inherited according to
Mendel's laws of heredity?
F Pod color in pea plants
G Any trait determined by two alleles
H Any trait determined by genes located on
different chromosome
J Flower color in snapdragons
Answer: J Flower color in snapdragons is an example of a trait that is not inherited according to Mendel's laws of heredity.
Explanation: The inheritance of flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance, where the offspring have a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two parental alleles. This means that the inheritance of the trait cannot be explained solely by the presence of dominant and recessive alleles, which is the basis of Mendel's laws.
If the age of Layer 4 is 400 million years and the age of Layer 1 is 500 million years, then the age of Layer 5 is
If the age of Layer 4 is 400 million years and the age of Layer 1 is 500 million years, then the age of Layer 5 is younger than 400 million years.
The numerical ages of rock which are present on the Earth, in the Geologic Time Scale, are basically determined by the technique of radiometric dating, which basically uses the process which is known as the radioactive decay.
Since the age of the layer 1 amongst the rock layers is found to be 500 million years and that of layer 4 is found to be 400 million years then the age of the layer 5, which is the layer present above the layer 4 will have an age which is younger or lesser than 400 million years.
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Select two words that tell how other members at the reform clud
The other two words that tell how other members at the reform club would most likely describe Phileas Fogg are:
refined
puzzling.
What is a reform club?The Reform Club is described as a private members' club on the south side of Pall Mall in central London, England.
The main character of Jules Verne's 1872 book Around the World in Eighty Days is Phileas Fogg. The American businessman George Francis Train and the American author and explorer William Perry Fogg served as models for the character.
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A cofactor is
Multiple Choice
Examples are
a molecule that destabilizes enzymes; carbonic acid
a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
an inorganic molecule that some enzymes require; vitamin B12 and B6
an organic molecule that all enzymes require; cholesterol and calcium
The correct answer is: "an inorganic molecule that some enzymes require; examples include copper, iron, and zinc".
Cofactors are molecules that are required by some enzymes to function properly. Inorganic molecules such as metals (e.g. copper, iron, and zinc) can serve as cofactors.
They help enzymes carry out chemical reactions by stabilizing intermediates or by providing functional groups for catalysis. Other examples of cofactors include coenzymes (organic molecules, such as vitamins B12 and B6) and prosthetic groups (covalently attached molecules, such as heme in hemoglobin).
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Construct a graph using the data in the table to show the rate of galactose breakdown of the groups.
A typical graph of the rate of breakdown of the substrate (lactose) by enzyme (lactase) is found in the attachment.
What is the rate of lactose breakdown?The rate of lactose breakdown can be affected by several factors, including:
Lactase enzyme levels: Lactose is broken down by the lactase enzyme in the small intestine. The level of lactase in the body can vary, and some people may have lower levels of lactase, which can result in slower lactose breakdown.
Genetics: Lactase persistence, the ability to continue producing lactase enzyme into adulthood, is a genetic trait. Individuals with lactase persistence can typically digest lactose more easily than those without it.
Age: Lactase production is highest during infancy and childhood, and can decrease as a person ages. This decrease in lactase production can result in reduced lactose breakdown.
Health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and some forms of diarrhea, can affect the ability of the body to break down lactose.
Dietary factors: Consuming large amounts of lactose-containing foods at once can overwhelm the body's ability to break it down, resulting in slower digestion. Additionally, consuming lactose with other foods that slow down digestion, such as high-fat foods, can also affect the rate of lactose breakdown.
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Our brain enables us to do all the following except blank a think b socialize c talk d move
Answer: B-socialize
Explanation:
the brain is only there for certain thing that deals with the human body all together, but socializing is your choice your brain dosent force you to do that .
I really need help with Biology 102 ASAP!!!! but it's due date: Apr 26, 2023 at 11:59 PM EDT
Question 9 parts 1, 2 and 3
About 90 percent of the population is affected by type-2 diabetes while only 10 percent of the population gets type-1 diabetes. Both types can be managed using insulin.
In type-1 diabetes, the pancreatic cells are attacked, so a person can’t produce enough insulin. Ten percent of diabetics have this type of diabetes. It can be treated with insulin injections. People with this type have a greater risk of coma and death due to ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia.
In type-2 diabetes, insulin produced cannot be used properly. Most diabetics suffer from type. It can be managed through insulin or through exercise and diet.
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show the base pairing that results in new strands of DNA
Answer:
Complementary base paring: T-A, C-G
Explanation:
T: Thymine
A: Adenine
C- Cytosine
G: Guanine
Question 12
The researchers predicted that they would see evidence of eutrophication in the upper estuary d
to its close proximity to urbanization, and that they would not see evidence of eutrophication in
lower estuary due to it being further away from urbanization.
Use complete sentences to write a conclusion discussing whether the data you calculated and
graphed supported this prediction or not, and why.
Edit View Insert Format Tools Table
12
12pt Paragraph ✓ BIUAT²V
The researchers' hypothesis that eutrophication was present in the estuary was partially supported by the calculated and analyzed data. According to the graph, dissolved oxygen concentrations decrease as the river moves further from the mouth, supporting the idea that eutrophication brought on by urbanization is occurring in the upper mouth.
The research, however, also suggests that there is a comparable drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the lower estuary, defying the assumption that eutrophication would not occur here. The observed decline in dissolved oxygen in the lower estuary may be due to other factors, such as agricultural runoff or natural processes.
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Can someone help me with this?!
Does anyone know the connection between evolvability and modularity? Using the word integration!
Explanation:
Yes, there is a connection between evolvability and modularity, and the key concept that connects them is "integration".
Modularity refers to the organization of a system into discrete, interchangeable components (modules) that can be combined in various ways to create different functions. Modularity makes systems more evolvable because it allows for incremental changes to be made to individual modules without disrupting the overall functionality of the system.
Integration, on the other hand, refers to the process of combining separate modules into a cohesive whole. In order for a modular system to function effectively, the modules must be integrated in a way that maintains their independence while also enabling them to work together to achieve a common goal.
The connection between evolvability and modularity, then, is that modularity enables evolvability by allowing for the evolution of individual modules without disrupting the overall function of the system, while integration enables modularity by allowing for the combination of separate modules into a functional whole.
In summary, the connection between evolvability and modularity is that they are mutually reinforcing concepts, with integration playing a crucial role in enabling both.
Which of the following statements related to temperature, rainfall patterns, and atmospheric circulation is incorrect?
-Above 60° latitude only short tundra vegetation can be supported.
-Temperate deciduous forests occur at about 45° to 55° latitude where the air has warmed and gained moisture, so it ascends, dropping rainfall.
-Hot, tropical forest blankets the tropics from about 0-20° latitude, where rainfall is low.
-Hot deserts occur at about 20–30° latitude because air cools and descends without moisture.
The incorrect statement is that hot, tropical forest blankets the tropics from about 0-20° latitude, where rainfall is low, option (c) is correct.
In fact, the tropical rainforest, one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, occurs in the tropical region, where the climate is hot and humid with abundant rainfall throughout the year. The high temperatures and abundant moisture create a favorable environment for the growth of diverse plant and animal species.
Above 60° latitude, in the polar regions, only short tundra vegetation can be supported due to the extremely cold temperatures and low precipitation. At about 45° to 55° latitude, temperate deciduous forests occur because the air has warmed and gained moisture from the nearby oceans, so it ascends, drops rainfall, and supports the growth of deciduous trees, option (c) is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following statements related to temperature, rainfall patterns, and atmospheric circulation is incorrect?
a. Above 60° latitude only short tundra vegetation can be supported.
b. Temperate deciduous forests occur at about 45° to 55° latitude where the air has warmed and gained moisture, so it ascends, dropping rainfall.
c. Hot, tropical forest blankets the tropics from about 0-20° latitude, where rainfall is low.
d. Hot deserts occur at about 20–30° latitude because air cools and descends without moisture.
how does plate tectonics support evolution?
Plate tectonics support evolution by causing genetic mutation.
Evolution, as related to genomics, refers to the process by which living organisms change over time through changes in the genome. Such evolutionary changes result from mutations that produce genomic variation, giving rise to individuals whose biological functions or physical traits are altered.
Plate tectonics causes the movement of landmasses. This leads to various species that live on landmasses to become separated from one another and exposed to different environment. As genetic mutation occur in the separated population, old organisms evolve into new ones. One place where this can be easily seen is in Australia. The geographic isolation of the continent has led to the evolution of many endemic species.
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How are Jim White and Charles David Keeling connected
Charles David Keeling and his colleagues Jim White are connected as they began measuring CO2 in 1958, which enabled us to have an excellent record of how CO2 concentrations have changed in the atmosphere over time.
Who is Charles David Keeling?Charles David Keeling was an American scientist whose recording of carbon dioxide at the Mauna Loa Observatory confirmed Svante Arrhenius's proposition of the possibility of anthropogenic contribution to the greenhouse effect and global warming, by documenting the steadily rising carbon dioxide levels.
Charles David Keeling measured CO2 in by having several 5-L flasks constructed with vacuum stopcocks and measured the volumes of the flasks from the mass they contained when filled with water.
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Someone help me it's due today!
Filling out the table below using terms that describe gene and how to remember them are displayed below.
How to define genetic terms?Term | Definition | How will you remember?
Homozygous | Both alleles for a gene are identical | PP or pp
Heterozygous | Two different alleles for a gene | Pp
Phenotype | Physical expression of traits | What you see
Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism | Letters that represent the alleles
Allele | Alternative forms of a gene | Letters that represent the versions of a gene
Dominant | An allele that is expressed when present | Represented by a capital letter (e.g. P)
Recessive | An allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele | Represented by a lowercase letter (e.g. p)
Table I.
TRAIT | YOUR PHENOTYPE | YOUR GENOTYPE(S)
Darwin's Ear Point | have | Pp
Hitchhiker's Thumb | Can bend more than 90 degrees | hh or Hh
Widow's Peak | Curved hairline | WW or Ww
Second Finger Shorter Than Fourth | Yes | Ss
Mid-digital Hair | Have hair | Hh or hh
Tongue Rolling | Can roll tongue | Rr or RR
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Explain how lymph nodes work. Explain what happens to the pathogens or foreign substance that enter a lymph node in the lymph
Mammals have fur, they suckle their young and the young develop inside the mother. is it True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
This statement is true.
Mammals are defined by several characteristics, including the presence of fur or hair, the production of milk by the mother to nourish their young (which is known as lactation), and the development of the offspring within the mother's body before birth.
Hope this helps!
The male part of a flower is called the A) ______, of which a flower can have many! This is divided into 2 parts. The long and narrow filament is topped by the B) _____which makes pollen! Pollen contains the male reproductive cell. The female part of a flower is called the C) _____...a flower can only have one! It is, though, divided into 3 parts. The D) _____is the sticky top part. Its job is to catch pollen! The round bottom part of the pistil is called the E) _____. Its job is to produce female egg cells. These 2 parts are connected by a tube called the F) _____. The outer part of the flower is called a petal. A flower may have several colorful petals. Petals attract insects and mammals to the flower for G) ______ to occur.
Answer:
A) Stamen
B)Anther
C)Pistil
D)Stigma
E)Ovary
F)Style
G)Pollination
Hope this helps!!
Observation
• Use your senses to make an observation about your environment.
Questions
• Create a hypothesis that can be tested in an experiment.
Remember, a hypothesis has a specific "if then" wording. It describes what will happen to the dependent variable
when changes are made to the independent variable. For example, "If a plant is fertilized (independent variable),
then it will grow faster (dependent variable)."
• Design and plan an experiment.
Be sure to identify an independent variable, a dependent variable, and any controls. Remember, controls are factors
which stay the same. In an experiment designed to test the previously stated hypothesis, one control would be to
use the same kind of plant. Write a complete description of your experiment. Include a list of necessary materials. It
is a good idea to follow a step-by-step procedure format. Think of everything you need to do, then write it down in
the order it must be completed. Your description and procedure should be clear enough that another person could
duplicate your experiment exactly.
1. Students in a class are studying patterns of inheritance using genes involved in determining the body color and wing shape of Drosophila flies. Each of the genes has only two alleles, one of which is completely dominant to the other.
Each student in the class performed a parental cross between a fly that is true-breeding for ebony body and vestigial wings and a fly that is true-breeding for gray body and long wings. Each student then crossed several pairs of the F1 flies and determined the phenotypes of 500 of the resulting F2 flies with respect to body color and wing shape. The students in the class averaged their data for the frequencies of the four possible phenotypes (Table 1).
Table 1. Averaged
The two genes involved in determining body color and wing shape are likely assorting independently. This means that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of the other gene, and the traits are inherited separately.
The parental cross between true-breeding flies for ebony body and vestigial wings and true-breeding flies for gray body and long wings produced F1 offspring that all had gray bodies and long wings. When the F1 offspring were crossed, the resulting F2 offspring showed a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, which is consistent with the inheritance of two independently assorting traits that are both determined by two alleles each. The 9:3:3:1 ratio is obtained when two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb) are crossed, where A and a represent the alleles for body color and B and b represent the alleles for wing shape. The phenotypic ratio is 9: A_B_ , 3: A_bb or aaB_ , 3: aaBb , and 1: aabb.
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