what were the ziggurats

Answer:

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A ziggurat (/ˈzɪɡʊˌræt/ ZIG-uu-rat; Akkadian: ziqquratu,D-stem of zaqāru 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude' is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk.

The biblical account of the Tower of Babel has been associated by modern scholars to the massive construction undertakings of the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, and in particular to the ziggurat of Etemenanki in Babylon in light of the Tower of Babel Stele describing its restoration by Nebuchadnezzar II.

The design of the ziggurat was probably a precursor to that of the pyramids of Egypt, the earliest of which dates to circa 2600 BCE.

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Ziggurats were built by ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Elamites, Eblaites and Babylonians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period[9] during the sixth millennium. The ziggurats began as a platforms (usually oval, rectangular or square). The ziggurat was a mastaba-like structure with a flat top. The sun-baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. Each step was slightly smaller than the step below it. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on these glazed bricks. The number of floors ranged from two to seven.

According to archaeologist Harriet Crawford, "It is usually assumed that the ziggurats supported a shrine, though the only evidence for this comes from Herodotus, and physical evidence is non-existent. It has also been suggested by a number of scholars that this shrine was the scene of the sacred marriage, the central rite of the great new year festival. Herodotus describes the furnishing of the shrine on top of the ziggurat at Babylon and says it contained a great golden couch on which a woman spent the night alone. The god Marduk was also said to come and sleep in his shrine. The likelihood of such a shrine ever being found is remote. Erosion has usually reduced the surviving ziggurats to a fraction of their original height, but textual evidence may yet provide more facts about the purpose of these shrines. In the present state of our knowledge it seems reasonable to adopt as a working hypothesis the suggestion that the ziggurats developed out of the earlier temples on platforms and that small shrines stood on the highest stages..." citation needed] Access to the shrine would have been by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The Mesopotamian ziggurats were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god. Only priests were permitted on the ziggurat or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful members of Sumerian and Assyro-Babylonian society.

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According to Herodotus, at the top of each ziggurat was a shrine, although none of these shrines have survived. One practical function of the ziggurats was a high place on which the priests could escape rising water that annually inundated lowlands and occasionally flooded for hundreds of kilometers, for example, the 1967 flood. Another practical function of the ziggurat was for security. Since the shrine was accessible only by way of three stairways, a small number of guards could prevent non-priests from spying on the rituals at the shrine on top of the ziggurat, such as initiation rituals like the Eleusinian mysteries, cooking of sacrificial food and burning of carcasses of sacrificial animals. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included a courtyard, storage rooms, bathrooms, and living quarters, around which a city spread.

According to popular belief, the helical minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra was built on the model of the Zikkurat. Another example of a ziggurat with an outer spiral ramp is the tower of Khorsabad.

Al Zaqura Building in Baghdad, constructed in the 1970s

The shape of the ziggurat experienced a revival in modern architecture and Brutalist architecture starting in the 1970s. The Al Zaqura - Arabic; الزاكورة- Building is an government building situated in Baghdad. It serves the office of the prime minister of Iraq.  

why did it take so long for halloween to become mainstream in america?

PLEASE HELP ASAP THANK YOU!:)

This person is considered “one of the most detested" English kings
John
Charles
Henry II

Ayllu refers to:

1 your Mayan community
2 a hut for you and your Incan family
3 the community you and your Incan family lives in
4 several families living in agricultural spaces

Passive resistance, that is, soul-force, is matchless. It is superior to the force of arms. How, then, can it be considered only a weapon of the weak? Physical force men are strangers to the courage that is requisite in a passive resister. Do you believe that a coward can ever disobey a law that he dislikes? Extremists are considered to be advocates of brute-force. Why do they, then, talk about obeying laws? I do not blame them. They can say nothing else. When they succeed in driving out the English, and they themselves become governors, they will want you and me to obey their laws. And that is a fitting thing for their constitution. But a passive resister will say he will not obey a law that is against his conscience, even though he may be blown to pieces at the mouth of a cannon.
What do you think? Wherein is courage required — in blowing others to pieces from behind a cannon or with a smiling face to approach a cannon and be blown to pieces? Who is the true warrior — he who keeps death always as a bosom-friend or he who controls the death of others? Believe me that a man devoid of courage and manhood can never be a passive resister.
This, however, I will admit: that even a man, weak in body, is capable of offering this resistance. One man can offer it just as well as millions. Both men and women can indulge in it. It does not require the training of an army; it needs no Jiu-jitsu. Control over the mind is alone necessary, and, when that is attained, man is free like the king of the forest, and his very glance withers the enemy.
Passive resistance is an all-sided sword; it can be used anyhow; it blesses him who uses it and him against whom it is used. Without drawing a drop of blood, it produces far-reaching results. It never rusts, and cannot be stolen. Competition between passive resisters does not exhaust. The sword of passive resistance does not require a scabbard. It is strange indeed that you should consider such a weapon to be a weapon merely of the weak.3
Passage 2: Nelson Mandela
Some of the things so far told to the Court are true and some are untrue. I do not, however, deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of my people by the Whites. . . .
. . . We first broke the law in a way which avoided any recourse to violence; when this form was legislated against, and then the Government resorted to a show of force to crush opposition to its policies, only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. . . .

. . . I, and some colleagues, came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be unrealistic and wrong for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the Government met our peaceful demands with force.
This conclusion was not easily arrived at. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle. . . .
. . . I can only say that I felt morally obliged to do what I did. . . .
Above all, we want equal political rights, because without them our disabilities will be permanent. I know this sounds revolutionary to the whites in this country, because the majority of voters will be Africans. This makes the white man fear democracy.
But this fear cannot be allowed to stand in the way of the only solution which will guarantee racial harmony and freedom for all. It is not true that the enfranchisement of all will result in racial domination. Political division, based on colour, is entirely artificial and, when it disappears, so will the domination of one colour group by another. The ANC has spent half a century fighting against racialism. When it triumphs it will not change that policy.4

What helped make farming easier? Helppp

Between 1800 and 1900, the population of Europe more than doubled. Explain reasons

Which statements accurately describe northern Italian Renaissance city-states?

A. Early Renaissance city-states were generally well-planned and orderly.

B.A major problem in many early Renaissance cities was the poor quality of goods produced by craftsmen with no oversight or standards.

C.Renaissance cities were centers of commerce and craftsmanship.

D.Italian city-states in the Renaissance were republics led by powerful merchant families.

Pretest: Unit 4
Question 7 of 27
Which of the following people was an escaped slave who became a
conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped many other slaves escape
to freedom?
A. Sally Tompkins
B. Harriet Tubman
C. Margaret Sanger
D. Jane Addams

Explain who was given the right to vote and who was not under the progressive acts placed in the Oklahoma Constitution. Also include any provisions that helped to exclude populations.

PLEASE! I BEG YOU!! <3

Why were the temples important to early cities?

What is the most acceptable and easy way to revise a budget to allow for the purchase of a new couch?

Will mark brainliest

Which religious leader is described by this statement?

A seeker of truth, he became the Enlightened One and taught people the path to end their pain and suffering and reach Nirvana.


Asoka Maurya


Siddhartha Gautama


Ramayana


Mahinda

Based on this section of the Torah, God promised Abraham…

How did American Indians participate in the American Revolution?

The Molasses Act led many American merchants to respond by?

Using the drop-down menu, identify the strategies for exploring a solution.
y breaks the process into tasks and shows the interrelationship between
inputs and outputs.
v results in a graphical representation of the process and includes the
flow of information through the process.
v results in an algorithm.
DONE

While hunting with his grandfather one winter morning Corey began to shiver. Why was Corey shivering?

.3. How does the Louisiana Purchase again
force Jefferson to abandon his
principles?

THANK YOU! :)))))))))​

How did improved farming technologies and techniques impact the Plains Indians?
A)
The Plains Indians learned to peacefully coexist with the growing number
of settlers.
B)
The Plains Indians bought more manufactured goods from the increased
number of settlers.
9
Plains Indians were employed by American settlers to work on the farms.
D)
American settlers demanded more land from the Plains Indians to farm.

I don't understand this can you plz help​

In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor? As unions became stronger, they didn’t allow children under 14 to work. Laws passed in both countries prohibited children under 14 from working. Laws passed in both countries limited children to work only 8 hours a day. Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed in both countries.

Do) 7. Why did slavery become a widespread practice in the United States during the
colonial period?

(WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!) Summarize the key developments in the early transportational revolution of the early 1800s.

what was the outcome of the battle of hastings?

Help me please???!?!?
I’ll mark brilliant answer or something like that?

What were Thomas Jefferson’s concerns with the Louisiana Purchase?

A. He feared the nation was growing too large to govern  
B. He feared the debate between slave and free states  
C. He worried he had paid too much  
D. He worried that he had overstepped the Constitution​

What was the purpose of the articles of confederation