What two driving factors determine if a reaction will be spontaneous? What must be true of the reaction and those two factors for it to always be spontaneous

Answers

Answer 1

Recall that the determining factors for spontaneity of a reaction are the enthalpy and entropy changes that occur for the system. The free energy change of a reaction is a mathematical combination of the enthalpy change and the entropy change.

When both cases are satisfied, i.e. if the change in enthalpy is negative and the change in entropy is positive, the reaction is said to be spontaneous, and thus, enthalpy and entropy are the two driving thermodynamic forces of chemical reactions.

Combustion reactions, such as this fire, are spontaneous reactions. Once the reaction begins, it continues on its own until one of the reactants (fuel or oxygen) is gone. A nonspontaneous reaction is a reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the given set of conditions.

A spontaneous reaction is a reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under which the reaction is occurring. ... The entropy of the system increases during a combustion reaction. The combination of energy decrease and entropy increase dictates that combustion reactions are spontaneous reactions.


Related Questions

IF YOU DON'T ANSWER IT CORRECTLY OR IN AT LEAST A DECENT WAY< I WILL REPORT!!! I'm giving 30 points for this!!!!

List the different signs that tell you a chemical reaction may have occurred.
Then for each sign, write down TWO examples from day to day life where you have seen these reactions occur. (you should have 10 total; try to come up with examples on your own. although you may have to research the one where a solid is formed.)

Answers

Answer:

Color Change.

Production of an odor.

Change of Temperature.

Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles)

Precipitate (formation of a solid)

Chicken turning color

Explanation:

I have when i have put a mint in the coke and it exploded and then another is when i dyed my water purple for no reason and when i heat water it start do evaporate or bubble and water turning into ice and when you know  you cook chicken the chicken is pink then when you season the chicken it turn golden brown and when you put milk and cereal together and if you leave it in to long it get soggy.

How is stoichiometry used to calculate energy absorbed when a mass of
solid melts?
O A. Grams solid x mol/g * A Hreaction
B. Grams solid x mol/g * A Hp
C. Grams solid x mol/g * A Hfusion
O D. Grams solid x mol/g * A Hvap

Answers

Answer: Option C is correct

Grams solid x mol/g * A Hfusion

Explanation:

This is because from fusion is associated to melting and this is a process where solid particles or substances goes through transition phase and turn to liquid.

There for the stoichiometry is used to calculate energy absorbed when solid mass melt with the formula Grams solid x mol/g * A Hfusion.

If 36g of Al react with 34L of Oz, how many moles of Al2O3 are produced?
4Al +302 --> 2Al2O3

145 moles
0.667 moles
0.165 moles
101 moles

Answers

Answer:

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Explanation:

If 36g of Al react with 34L of Oz, 0.667 moles of Al2O3 are produced. The correct option is b, 0.667 moles

What are moles?

The mole is a SI unit of measurement that is used to calculate the quantity of any substance.

[tex]\rm 4Al +3O_2 -- > 2Al_2O_3[/tex]

Step1- calculate the moles of aluminum

The mass of Al is 36 g

The molar mass of Al is 27

[tex]\rm Number\;of \;moles= \dfrac{mass}{molar\;mass}\\\rm Number\;of \;moles\;of\;Al = \dfrac{36}{27} = 1.33\;mol[/tex]

Step2- calculate the moles of oxygen

The mass of O₂ is 34 L

[tex]\rm 1 L = \dfrac{1}{22.4 }[/tex]

[tex]\rm Number\;of \;moles\;O_2= \dfrac{34}{22.4} = 1.51[/tex]

The limiting reagent is 1.33 MOL. By the rule of stoichiometry, four moles of Al produced 2 moles of Al.

[tex]\rm \dfrac{1.33}{2} = 0.665 \;moles[/tex]

Thus, the correct option is b. 0.667 moles.

Learn more about moles

https://brainly.com/question/26416088

#SPJ2

If the graph of y = a x 2 + b x + c does not intersect the x -axis, then what is true about the roots? Both are real roots. Both are real roots. Both are imaginary roots. Both are imaginary roots. One is a real root, and one is irrational. One is a real root, and one is irrational. One is a real root, and one is rational.

Answers

Answer:

Both roots are imaginary roots.

Explanation:

Consider these things:

If we try to solve x²+1 = 0, notice that we aren't able to solve the equation in Real Number system because there are no negative outputs for quadratic function.

Remember that quadratic function has range greater or equal to the max-min value.

x-axis plane represents the solutions of that equation. If a graph intersects x-axis plane then it has a solution.

While a graph that doesn't have any intersects on x-plane, it means that the equation for that graph doesn't have real solutions but imaginary solutions.

As you may notice some of parabola graph has one intersect, two intersects or none. One intersect is one solution to the equation — Two intersects are two solutions of the equation and lastly, no intersects mean that no real solutions and remain only imaginary solution.

Helppp pleaseeeeee ....answer fast

Answers

Explanation:

An element is define as a substance which contains only those atoms which have same number of protons. Basically, an element contains atoms of one type only.

For example, a piece of sodium metal will contain only atoms of sodium.

An element can never be divided further into simpler substances. So, in the given figure box 1 is containing atoms of only blue color is an element.

A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different atoms present in a fixed ratio.    

For example, [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] is a compound which contains atoms of Mg and Cl in a 1:2 ratio.

The box containing pink and yellow balls in not a compound because here atoms are not chemically combined to each other but they are just present as individual atoms in same box. Hence, this is not a compound.

Therefore, when one or more elements are in a fixed ratio joined together they form a compound.

PLEASE ANSWER!! DUE TONIGHT!! 10 POINTS!!

Find the density of a cube (to the nearest tenth) with a side of 4 cm. and a mass of 1235 grams. (You do not need to include units in your answer.)​

Answers

Answer:

19.3

Explanation:

V=4^3 a^3,  to find volume with sides

p= 1235/64, Mass/ Volume= Density

explain what conservation of mass is and how to calculate it

Answers

Since atoms are not lost or made in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.The sum of the relative formula masses of the reactants is equal to the sum of the relative formula masses of the products.

6. What is the atomic number of the element?
7. How many neutrons does this element have?
8. What is the atomic mass of this element?
9. How many electrons does this element have?

Answers

Answer:

For O: atomic number = 8 # neutrons = 8

For Al: atomic mass = 27, # electrons = 13

Energy is added to cool water in a beaker. The energy causes the temperature of the temperature to rise. Which term best describes the energy? (A) Heat energy, (B) Chemical energy, (C) Electrical energy, (D) Potential Energy.

Answers

Answer:

(A) Heat energy

Explanation:

Temperature can be defined as a measure of the degree of coldness or hotness of a physical object. It is measured with a thermometer and its units are Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K) and Fahrenheit (°F).

Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or thermal energy due to the movement of particles. When the conduction relates to electric charge, it is known as electrical conduction while when it relates to thermal energy, it is known as heat conduction.

In the process of heat conduction, thermal energy is usually transferred from fast moving particles to slow moving particles during the collision of these particles. Also, thermal energy is typically transferred between objects that has different degrees of temperature and materials (particles) that are directly in contact with each other but differ in their ability to accept or give up electrons.

Any material or object that allow the conduction (transfer) of electric charge or thermal energy is generally referred to as a conductor. Conductors include metal, steel, aluminum, copper, frying pan, pot, spoon etc.

In this scenario, Energy is added to cool water in a beaker. The energy causes the temperature of the temperature to rise. Thus, the term which best describes the energy is heat energy because the object becomes hotter due to an increase in temperature and heat applied.


Which important historical figure did Berthollet teach and travel with?

Answers

Answer:

Napoleon Bonaparte

Explanation:

Napoleon Bonaparte was pleased by Berthollet's accomplishments and hired Berthollet in 1798 for his expedition in Egypt, wherein he founded the Institut d'Egypte. He has become the chief scientist at the Institut de France following his homecoming to Paris, and he set up a private laboratories at his country residence in Arcueil on the outskirts of The capital.

On a hot day, a 15.0 kg window increased from 20.0 degrees C to 26.7 degrees C. How much heat energy did the glass window absorb? (specific heat of glass = 0.840 J/gC)

Answers

Answer: The heat energy absorbed by glass window is 84420 J.

Explanation:

Given: Mass = 15 kg (1 kg = 1000 g) = 15000 g

Initial temperature = [tex]20^{o}C[/tex]

Final temperature = [tex]26.7^{o}C[/tex]

Specific heat capacity = [tex]0.840 J/g^{o}C[/tex]

Formula used is as follows.

[tex]q = m \times C \times (T_{2} - T_{1})[/tex]

where,

q = heat energy

m = mass of substance

C = specific heat capacity

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = initial temperature

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = final temperature

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

[tex]q = m \times C \times (T_{2} - T_{1})\\ q = 15000 g \times 0.840 J/g^{o}C \times (26.7 - 20)^{o}C\\q = 84420 J[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the heat energy absorbed by glass window is 84420 J.

An organ, such as the eye or the heart, is composed of cells and________.

A. tissues
B. water

Answers

Answer is Tissues (A)

Calculate the number of moles of oxygen (O2) in 24.0 g of O2?

Answers

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

it implies that n(O2) = 24.0g / 32

= 0.75 mols

If I have 3.0 L of a gas at a pressure of 500kPa and a temperature of 50C and I decrease the pressure to 240 kPa and the temperature to 103K what will be the new volume

Answers

Answer:

The new volume is 1.993 L

Explanation:

The gas laws are a set of chemical and physical laws that allow determining the behavior of gases in a closed system. The parameters evaluated in these laws are pressure, volume, temperature and moles.

Boyle's law says that the volume occupied by a certain gaseous mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure. This law is expressed mathematically as:

P*V=k

Gay-Lussac's law indicates that, as long as the volume of the container containing the gas is constant, as the temperature increases, the gas molecules move faster. Then the number of collisions with the walls increases, that is, the pressure increases. That is, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature. This law indicates mathematically that the quotient between pressure and temperature is constant:

[tex]\frac{P}{T}=k[/tex]

Finally, Charles's law indicates that as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases. In summary, Charles's law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the quotient that exists between the volume and the temperature will always have the same value:

[tex]\frac{V}{T}=k[/tex]

Combined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:

[tex]\frac{P*V}{T}=k[/tex]

Analyzing an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is satisfied:

[tex]\frac{P1*V1}{T1}=\frac{P2*V2}{T2}[/tex]

In this case:

P1= 500 kPaV1= 3 LT1= 50 C= 323 K (being 0 C= 273 K)P2= 240 kPaV2= ?T2= 103 K

Replacing:

[tex]\frac{500 kPa*3 L}{323 K}=\frac{240 kPa*V2}{103 K}[/tex]

Solving:

[tex]V2=\frac{103 K}{240 kPa} *\frac{500 kPa*3 L}{323 K}[/tex]

V2=1.993 L

The new volume is 1.993 L

Which correctly lists the 3 types of

radiation from least damaging to most

damaging?

alpha < beta < gamma

alpha < gamma < beta

gamma < beta < alpha

beta < gamma < alpha

Answers

Answer:

alpha < beta < gamma.

Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves is a propagating medium used in all communications device to transmit data (messages) from the device of the sender to the device of the receiver.

An electromagnetic spectrum refers to a range of frequency and wavelength that an electromagnetic wave is distributed or extends. The electromagnetic spectrum comprises of gamma rays, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, radio waves, and infrared radiation.

Generally, all radioactive elements are capable of emitting radiation. The three (3) types of nuclear radiation from least damaging to most damaging are; alpha, beta and gamma.

This ultimately implies that, alpha particles have the least damaging (penetrative) ability followed by beta particles and lastly, gamma rays.

Which process is represented by the label A?

Answers

Answer:

I believe its compaction

Explanation:

Compaction is how sedimentary rock is formedm

I think it’s weathering and erosion hmm..not sure tho

Which best describes the purpose of a fever?

Answers

Answer:

when you have a fever your body is trying to fight off a virus or some other kind of bad Bacteria  

Explanation:

I think this because everyone has at least had a fever when they were sick and when you are sick you are likely to have a fever because your body is fighting off a bad bacteria  

what is chemical bonding​

Answers

Answer:

In simple terms it is when two chemicals bond with each other

Explanation:

For more detailed explanation here's your answer:-

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. It has Electrostatic force between the two molecules. It can be either positive or negative ions

How many moles of NaOH are in a 50.0 g sample of NaOH?

Answers

Answer:

The answer should be, 0.01

Explanation:

0.01 = moles of NaOH

[tex] \huge\boxed{ \boxed{\boxed{ \boxed{\mathcal{Answer ࿐ }}}}}[/tex]

[tex] \mathrm{1 \: mole \: of \: NaOH = 40 \: g }[/tex]

[tex] \mathrm{1g = \dfrac{1}{40} \: moles \: of \: NaOH}[/tex]

[tex] \mathrm{50g = \dfrac{1}{40} \times 50}[/tex]

[tex] \mathrm{1.25 \: moles \: of \: \: NaOH}[/tex]

_____________________________

[tex]\mathrm{ \#TeeNForeveR}[/tex]

The growth of the plants that the animal used for food could not keep up with the needs of the population. There was so little food for the animals, the population declined. How does this relate to overpopulation?

Question options:

This does not relate to overpopulation.


Overpopulation means that there are too many members in the population and that in the end, this will severely hurt their chances for survival.


Overpopulation means that there are too many members in the population and that in the end, this will increase their chances for survival.


Overpopulation means that there are few members in the population and that in the end, this will increase their chances for survival.

Answers

Answer:

The number of animals greatly exceeded the carrying capacity, destroying the food sources and causing the population to decline.  

ALSO

Overpopulation means that there are too many members in the population and that in the end, this will severely hurt their chances for survival.

Explanation:

The statement relates to overpopulation as overpopulation means that there are too many members in the population and that in the end, this will severely hurt their chances for survival.

What is overpopulation?

Overpopulation means an increase in the number of a specific population in a specific place.

Overpopulated species harm other species. It competes for the food and place.

It also decreases the number of species that are its prey.

Thus, the correct option is B.

Learn more about overpopulation

https://brainly.com/question/14169313

If you have 3 mol of glucose in 6 L of solution, what is the molarity of the
solution?

Answers

Answer:

0.5 M

Explanation:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

What are surface currents? What drives them?

Answers

Answer:

Surface currents in the ocean are driven by global wind systems that are fueled by energy from the sun. Patterns of surface currents are determined by wind direction, Coriolis forces from the Earth's rotation, and the position of landforms that interact with the currents

Bicycles that have been left outside in the summer will rust faster than bicycles kept inside. What causes the bicycles that are left outside to rust faster?

Bikes that are kept outside are not used as often, speeding up the chemical reaction of metal rusting.
Heat energy from the sun slows down the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.
Moisture and oxygen cause oxidation, which speeds up the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.
Wind energy outside speeds up the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.

Answers


Bikes that are kept outside are not used as often, speeding up the chemical reaction of metal rusting.
Heat energy from the sun slows down the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.
Moisture and oxygen cause oxidation, which speeds up the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.
Wind energy outside speeds up the chemical reaction of the metal rusting.

what does Element mean?
A.)The smallest part of matter still retaining chemical properties
B.)Consists of only protons and neutrons
C.)A pure substance, only one type of atom
D.)Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Answers

Answer:

C is the answer I believe.

how does the human voice work

Answers

Answer:

vocla cords

Explanation:

When you want to speak, you close your vocal folds and begin to exhale, causing an increase in pressure that starts your vocal folds to vibrate. The vibration of vocal folds chops the air flow, producing a buzz-like sound

ANSWER THESE 3 QUESTION AND I WILL GIVE OUT THE BRAINLIEST
1. what is a positive acceleration
2. what is a zero acceleration
3. what is a negative acceleration

Answers

Answer:

A positive acceleration means and increase

A negative acceleration is a decrease

a zero acceleration is a constant movement so its not increasing or decreasing just constant

Explanation:

[tex] \sf \pink{Question}[/tex]

What is a positive acceleration ?

[tex] \sf \blue{Answer}[/tex]

If the velocity of an object increases with time, its acceleration is positive.

[tex] \sf \pink{Question}[/tex]

What is a zero acceleration ?

[tex] \sf \blue{Answer}[/tex]

Zero acceleration is an acceleration, just with zero magnitude. Motion with constant velocity is just a special case of motion with uniform acceleration.

[tex] \sf \pink{Question}[/tex]

What is a negative acceleration ?

[tex] \sf \blue{Answer}[/tex]

A negative acceleration means you will subtract from the current value of the velocity, and a positive acceleration means you will add to the current value of the velocity. ... And if the acceleration points in the opposite direction of the velocity, the object will be slowing down.

13 : 22
MI SEC
23. Which of the following solutions will reach dynamic equilibrium?
a Supersaturated solution
b Unsaturated solution
C Saturated solution
d None of the above

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The solution that will reach dynamic equilibrium is a saturated solution. The correct option is C.

What is an unsaturated solution?

A chemical solution in which the solute concentration is less than its equilibrium solubility is known as an unsaturated solution.

The solvent dissolves the entire solute.

When a solute (typically a solid) is mixed with a solvent (commonly a liquid), two reactions take place at the same time.

Thus, the correct option is C, the saturated solution.

Learn more about saturated solutions.

https://brainly.com/question/1851822

If you have 4 moles of CaCl2 how many moles of HCI can you make

Equation- CaCl2 +2H2O= Ca(OH)2+2HCl

Answers

Answer:

If you hace 4 moles of CaCl₂, you can make 8 moles of HCl.

Explanation:

The balanced equation is

CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + 2 HCl

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction) , the following amounts of each compound participate in the reaction:

CaCl₂: 1 mole H₂O: 2 molesCa(OH)₂: 1 mole HCl: 2 moles

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of CaCl₂ forms 2 moles of HCl, 4 moles of CaCl₂ form how many moles of HCl?

[tex]moles of HCl=\frac{4 moles of CaCl_{2}*2 moles of HCl }{1mole of CaCl_{2}}[/tex]

moles of HCl= 8

If you hace 4 moles of CaCl₂, you can make 8 moles of HCl.

Balance Cl2+NaBr=NaCl+Br2​

Answers

Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br2

Los átomos que no poseen _______________ son conocidos como _________________ ________________. Los átomos que poseen carga se denominan ________________, aquellos con carga positiva de llaman_________________ y son aquellos que _________ electrones. Los__________________ son aquellos con carga negativa y son los que ______________ electrones. Para todos los casos el valor de ______ y _________ permanecen iguales y son los que sacamos de la tabla periódica.

Answers

Answer:

La respuesta está en la explicación

Explanation:

Los átomos que no poseen ___CARGA____ son conocidos como ____ÁTOMOS____ ____NEUTROS_____. Los átomos que poseen carga se denominan ___IONES____, aquellos con carga positiva de llaman ____PROTONES____ y son aquellos que __PIERDEN__ electrones. Los ______ANIONES____ son aquellos con carga negativa y son los que _____GANAN___ electrones. Para todos los casos el valor de _MASA__ y _NÚMERO ATÓMICO_ permanecen iguales y son los que sacamos de la tabla periódica.

Other Questions
What is the principal square root of 36?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 9 What are Atticus Finches weaknesses? Douglas Kearney states that in the poem "We Are Not Responsible," Harryette Mullen addresses the concept of language being used as a "tool for power," which in turn can be used for oppression. In which lines does Harryette Mullens show this concept? How is language being used to oppress people in the current state of the country today? Which of the following were reasons for the Soviet Unions collapse?i. Satellite nations declared independence.ii. The Soviet Union could not compete economically with the West.iii. Soviet citizens demanded political and economic reforms.iv. The United States beat the Soviet Union in a violent battle at Stalingrad.A. i. and ii. onlyB. i. and iv. onlyC. iii. and iv. onlyD. i., ii., and iii. what mass of oxygen reacted with the 8.40 grams of c Which of the following identifies why the number of advertisements has increased? There are more products competing for sales. There are more channels in which to advertise. People are spending more discretionary money. Advertising affects a persons preferences. The nine-cell attractiveness-strength matrix provides clear, strong logic for Group of answer choices using both industry attractiveness and business strength measurements in allocating resources and investment capital to a corporation's different businesses. measuring only business strength in allocating resources and investment capital to the different businesses. using both resource fit and product strength measurements in allocating resources and investment capital to its different businesses. concentrating resources in only those business units that are destined for squeezing out the maximum cash flows. concentrating resources to bolster unattractive and competitively weak performers in the corporate portfolio. So I need help with this crossword puzzle. If you need the text to it I will give out the information.I beg of you so I can get a good grade without my parents complaining about B-'s and below. Thanks in advance. If you need information you can text me on discord unbreakablecali#1395. I'm so sorry it's such a small amount but I have so much school to do to pass. You will read a current events in environmental science article and then write a summary ... article Earth is a "living planet" and all life depends on one another to thrive , report says by Associated press .. PLEASEE HELPP Which two-dimensional shape could be created by a planeslicing vertically through this hemisphere? Find the values of x and y. Write your answers in simplest form. Conjugate the verb PODER in the following sentences.__________ t ir a la tienda? help plsss quickly i really need help What does the red at the beginning of the video represent? What does this mean about the landscape around Mount St. Helens before 1980? Explain the roots of anti-semitism and Hitlers hatred of the Jews. On January 1, 2016, Hage Corporation granted incentive stock options to purchase 21,500 of its common shares at $10 each. The options are exercisable after one year. The market price of common averaged $11 per share during the quarter ending on March 31, 2016. There was no change in the 150,000 shares of outstanding common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. Net income for the quarter was $8,618. The number of shares to be used in computing diluted earnings per share for the quarter is (Round your final answer to whole number.): -a. 171,500.b. 150,000.c. 151,955.d. 169,545. Why doesnt the gas on a gas giant escape into space, as it has on mercury? What sea lies between Australia and Melanesia? Below. What is m1?m1 = An auto assemply worker requires 4 electrical fuses for each vehicle. The supplier of the fuses has informed the plant manager that 5% of all the fuses they produce are defective. Assume that the assembly worker selects the 4 fuses for any vehicle at random and independently of each other. If 2 assembled vehicles are selected at random and independently of one another, what is the probability that both vehicles will have all defective fuses