What are the factors affecting the state of a substance?

A gas law known as Gay-law Lussac's asserts that a gas's pressure (when kept at a constant volume and mass) varies directly with its absolute temperature

A gas law known as Gay-law Lussac's asserts that a gas's pressure (when kept at a constant volume and mass) varies directly with its absolute temperature. In other words, while the mass is fixed and the volume is constant, the pressure a gas exerts is proportional to the temperature of the gas.

In the year 1808, French scientist Joseph Gay-Lussac created this law. Gay-law Lussac's can be expressed mathematically as follows:

P ∝ T ; P/T = k

Where:

P is the pressure that the gas is applying.

T is the gas's actual temperature, while k is a fixed value.

The tire pressure of a car increases after driving. This is due to the air inside the tires heating up as a result of friction (a contact force) between the tires and the road. Gay-Law Lussac's states that because the air cannot expand because the tires are effectively fixed-volume containers, the pressure rises.

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The IUPAC name for dimethyl ketone is (C) 2-propanone

The prefix "di-" indicates two methyl groups (CH3) is attached to the parent compound, which is a ketone. The parent compound is also known as propanone.

It is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent and in the production of various chemicals and materials. It is also known as acetone. It is used as a solvent, as a starting material in the synthesis of other compounds, and as an intermediate in the production of certain polymers.

Utilized to create compounds such as plastic, fiber, medicines, and other substances. Other compounds can also be dissolved with it. It is a byproduct of the breakdown of human fat and is found naturally in plants, trees, volcanic gases, forest fires, and other organisms.

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Give a succinct description of how the various alkene reactants were combined to create the same result. The most stable intermediate carbocation will arise as a result of an electrophilic proton addition in the reaction between HCl and both alkenes.

The observed product is produced in both cases by adding Cl- to the tertiary carbocation that is produced. By figuring out the physical properties of the reactants and products, negative entropy in chemical processes may also be calculated. Gas molecules are widely spaced apart and move randomly in all directions, which results in high entropy in gases. Being a liquid converting into a solid, water freezing into ice is an entropy-reducing process. Due to the molecules' reduced freedom of movement, a solid has less chaos. A negative entropy reaction occurs when hydrogen and oxygen combine to generate water.

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Answer:

8.3 × 10⁴kg

Explanation:

Solution in the diagram

The reactivity of the metals as we go across in the period or  from the left to the right horizontally in the periodic table it will decreases.

The reactivity of the metals as we move across the period from left to right in the periodic table it will decreases. the reactivity of the metals as we move in the group from top to the bottom in the periodic table it will increases due the increase in the size of the elements from top to bottom.

Thus, the reactivity of the metals decreases as we move across period from left to the right in the periodic table.

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Two solitary sigma bonds are visible in the Lewis structure between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

The octet rule is a theory that describes how atoms share electrons so that each atom has eight electrons in its outer shell. This idea is the foundation of a Lewis structure. An oxygen atom, as an illustration, has six electrons in its outer shell.

The entire molecule's electron density is concentrated only around the core C in the CCl4 Lewis structure. Two nitrogen atoms are connected by a triple bond in the N2 Lewis structure.

In the reaction described above, PH3 is acting as a Lewis base because of the single electron on the P atom.

A double bond exists between two oxygen atoms in the Lewis structure of O2. Oxygen atoms must form two bonds in order to comply with the octet rule. The oxygen (red) and hydrogen (white) atoms are held together by powerful connections known as covalent bonds.

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The percentage strength of the solution is 1%.

According to question,

we are given that the 20mg of cromolyn sodium in 2 ml of normal saline is taken.

Now, to find the percentage strength first know the meaning of percentage strength.

The amount of solute dissolved in gram per liter of the solution is used to determine the solution's strength. It stands for the solution's potency or concentration. It uses gram per liter of expression.

Now here we are given the the mass and volume connection so we have to find the percentage in terms of it.

percentage strength=[tex]\frac{mass}{volume} *100[/tex]

percentage strength=[tex]\frac{0.020*100}{2}[/tex]

on solving we get,

percentage strength=1%

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Neutral carbon-14 contains six electrons, six protons, eight neutrons.

- The smallest particle that may exist, an atom, is what creates the entire cosmos. It has a core nucleus that houses the neutral species known as neutrons and positively charged species known as protons.

The orbit of the nucleus is being circled by negatively charged species of electrons. The atomic number of an atom is determined by its protons, and the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons.

The carbon-14 in this instance is an isotope of carbon-12 with a mass number of 14. Atomic number six carbon has a total of six protons and six electrons.

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Answer:

wavelengths

Explanation:

hope it helps

thanks

Wavelengths are being recorded by the machine by using IR spectrography. Therefore, option B is correct.

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is also known as infrared spectrometry. It is a technique that is used to analyze and identify chemical compounds based on their absorption or emission of infrared radiation.

Infrared radiation lies in the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and microwave radiation. It has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light. When infrared radiation passes through a sample, certain chemical bonds in the sample absorb specific frequencies of infrared light.

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0.384 moles of nitrogen atoms are inhales by the person in an average breath of air.

Avogadro constant is the number of molecules present in 1 mole of gas or a chemical compound. It is used to specify the atomic mass of a certain number of molecules in a substance or chemical compound or gas, in grams. Theses molecules may be atoms, neutron, proton, electron, etc. One mole of a substance contains 6.023 × 10²³ Molecules. In other words the atomic mass of a substance is the weight of 6.023 × 10²³ molecules.

So 2.31 × 10²³ atoms of nitrogen = (2.31 × 10²³)/(6.023 × 10²³)

= 0.384 moles

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MassMass of oxygen used on combustion of 0.554 mol of phosphorus is 957.12 g.

Combustion is the name given to the chemical reaction in which a material combines with oxygen to produce heat. A substance is said to be combustible if it can burn. Another name for it is fuel. Fuel can be either solid, liquid, or gaseous.

Since, 4 moles of phosphorus burns in the presence of 5 moles of oxygen

Therefore, 0.554 moles of phosphorus will burn in presence of 54×0.554=29.91 moles of oxygen.

Molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol.

Hence, mass of oxygen used can be calculated by:

Mass of oxygen used under given reaction conditions =32×29.91⇒957.12 g.

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Mass of oxygen used on combustion of 0.554 mol of phosphorus is 957.12 g. Oxygen has an atomic mass of 15.9994. ss.

Combustion is the name given to the chemical reaction in which a material combines with oxygen to produce heat. Another name for it is fuel. Fuel can be either solid, liquid, or gaseous.

4 moles of phosphorus burns in the presence of 5 moles of oxygen 0.554 moles of phosphorus will burn in presence of 54×0.554=29.91 moles of oxygen. Molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol. Mass of oxygen used under given reaction conditions 32×29.9 = 957.12 g.

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The element box contains name and symbol of the element, number of protons and electrons, atomic mass, and electron configuration.

Each key incorporates an detail's name, precise symbol, atomic weight and atomic variety. Oxygen, for example, has an atomic variety of 8, an atomic weight of 15.996 and a completely unique symbol, O.  Each container represents an detail and incorporates its atomic size, symbol, common atomic mass, and (sometimes) name. The factors are organized in seven horizontal rows, referred to as intervals or series, and 18 vertical columns, referred to as groups. The container containing every detail's records is called the detail key. The table is split into 4 more or less square regions referred to as blocks. The rows of the desk are referred to as intervals, and the columns are referred to as groups. Elements from the equal institution of the periodic table display comparable chemical characteristics.

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Answer:

0.0272 moles

Explanation:

The number of moles of acid that were neutralized can be found by multiplying the volume of the base (in liters) by its concentration (in moles/liter) and then multiplying that value by the stoichiometric coefficient of the acid in the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction.

To begin, we need to convert the volume of the base from milliliters to liters.

50.40 mL = 0.0504 L

Next, we can multiply the volume of the base (in liters) by its concentration (in moles/liter) to find the number of moles of base used in the titration.

0.0504 L * 0.542 M = 0.0272 moles

Since this is a neutralization reaction between a monoprotic acid and a strong base, the acid:base ratio is 1:1.

So the acid that has been neutralized is also 0.0272 moles.

The isotopic mass of the least abundant isotope will be 123.05 u.

Average atomic mass of X = 122.131 u

Assume most abundant isotope = Y and least abundant isotope = Z

Relative abundance (Y) = 61.35%

So,

Z = 100 - 61.35

Z = 38.65 %

Isotopic mass of Y= 121.552 u

Isotopic mass of Z = ?

To calculate the isotopic mass we use the following formula:

Average atomic mass = [(mass Y × percent abundance) + (mass Z × percent abundance)] / 100

put the values

122.131 = [(121.552 × 61.35) + (Z × 38.65)] / 100

12213.1 = (7457.22) + (Z × 38.65)

Z × 38.65 = 12213.1 - 7457.22

Z × 38.65 = 4755.88

Z = 4755.88 / 38.65

Z = 123.05

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The elements with the highest ionization energy are the noble gases, which are located in the upper right corner of the periodic table. These elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. These elements have a full valence electron shell, meaning that they have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outermost energy level. This makes them very stable and resistant to chemical reactions, as they do not have any electrons that can be easily removed or added.

As a result, they have very high ionization energy, meaning that a large amount of energy is required to remove an electron and form an ion. Due to these properties, these elements are not readily reactive with other elements and tend to exist as diatomic molecules or as individual atoms. These elements are used in a variety of industrial, medical, and everyday applications such as in lighting, refrigeration, and as inert gases in medical equipment and in the manufacturing of semiconductors.

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The properties of the elements are repeated after 2 8 18 and 32 elements because these are the maximum number of the electrons that the four shells contains.

The electronic configuration of the elements in the periodic table are repeated because the maximum number of the electrons that the four shells can have are 2 8 18 and 32. the name of the four shells are K , L, M, N. The electronic configuration of the elements are repeated and due to this the properties of the elements are repeated.

Thus, the properties of the elements are increases because the electronic configuration are repeated in the periodic table.

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As stated, the Tributary, River, and River system are in order of largest to smallest.

A river is a part of the ocean that resembles a ribbon and flows downward under the influence of gravity. A river may be both large and deep or it may be only shallow enough to wade over. A stream, watercourse, or brook is a streaming water source that is lower than a river.

The river flows through the landscape like a silver ribbon. The fast flowing river plunders everything in its path. The river is a seal that is attempting to return toward the tidal ways. A grizzly bear is the river, leaping to get its prey.

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The complete question is-

Place the following in order from smallest to largest.

River, River system, Tributary.

According to  the concept of molar mass and stoichiometry, the  mass of copper(II) sulfate  that would remain after removing all the water from 55 g of CuSO₄ · 5 H₂O is 35.18 g.

Molar mass of a compound or a molecule is defined as the mass of the elements which are present in it.The molar mass is considered to be a bulk quantity not a molecular quantity. It is often an average of the of the masses at many instances.

Molar masses of an element are given as relative atomic masses while that of compounds is the sum of relative atomic masses which are present in the compound.

In copper(II) sulfate , 249.68 g of copper (II) sulfate has 90 g water, thus 55 g of copper (II) sulfate will have 55×90/249.68=19.82 g water, so mass of copper sulfate= 55-19.82=35.18 g copper(II) sulfate.

Thus,35.18 g copper(II) sulfate would remain after removing all the water from 55 g of CuSO₄ · 5 H₂O.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are several things to consider before using hot and cold compresses:

The condition being treated: Different conditions may require the use of hot or cold compresses. For example, hot compresses may be used to alleviate muscle pain, while cold compresses may be used to reduce swelling and inflammation.

The individual's sensitivity to temperature: Some people may be more sensitive to temperature changes and may need to use a compress that is not as hot or cold.

The duration of use: It is generally recommended to use hot compresses for no more than 20 minutes at a time, and cold compresses for no more than 15 minutes.

The potential for burns or frostbite: Hot compresses should not be used on skin that is broken or damaged, as they can cause burns. Cold compresses should not be applied directly to the skin for an extended period of time, as they can cause frostbite.

The individual's overall health: Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as circulation problems, should be careful when using hot and cold compresses and should consult with a healthcare professional before doing so.

Option B, Using an excess of aldehyde in the aldol-dehydration reaction is done primarily to ensure complete conversion of the reactants to the desired product.

An excess of aldehyde is used to ensure that there is a sufficient concentration of the aldehyde present in order to form the enolate anion, which is the reactive intermediate in the aldol-dehydration reaction. To achieve high yield: Using an excess of aldehyde allows for the formation of multiple enolate anions, which increases the chances of a double aldol-dehydration reaction taking place, resulting in the formation of the desired product. Using an excess of aldehyde helps aldol-dehydration to prevent this by reducing the exposure of the aldehyde to air.

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The theoretical yield of a reaction is 5.00 moles of potassium permanganate . If the reaction actually produces 616.2 g KMnO₄ ,  the percent yield of the reaction is 78 %.

given that :

the theoretical yield of the reaction = 5 mol

mass of the potassium permanganate = 616.2 g

molar mass of the potassium permanganate = 158 g /mol

moles of the  KMnO₄ = mass / molar mass

                                   = 616.2 / 158

                                   = 3.9 moles

the percent yield = ( experimental yield / theoretical yield ) × 100 %

                              = ( 3.9 / 5 ) ×100 %

                              = 78 %

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Thermal energy always moves from higher energy area to lower energy area over a temperature gradient.

Thermal energy is a form of energy by virtue of temperature of a body. As the temperature of a body increase its thermal energy increases. Thermal energy or heat energy transfers though medium and vacuum from higher energy area to lower energy area.

Heat transfer can be through conduction in solids, convection in fluids and by radiation through space. In conduction, the thermal energy easily transfers through a chain of close packed molecules.

In all these mode of heat transfer heat energy is flowing from a hotter region to a colder region.

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Answer:

When ice or any other solid melts, its potential energy increases. Indeed, this is the only increase in energy, since the thermal kinetic energy, or temperature, does not increase while melting. Potential energy is the latent energy that could be released by the water, and this increases because the water will release heat energy if it is frozen solid again.

Ice is the lowest energy state of water at normal Earth pressures. At each phase change of water, whether ice to liquid water or liquid water to water vapor, the potential energy decreases. This is due to the Law of Conservation of Energy. Materials undergoing a change of state absorb or release heat energy, but their temperatures do not change. This is because, while the state change is occurring, all the heat energy is converted into the potential energy of the new state of matter.

Water, in particular, has a very large change in potential energy during phase changes. It takes a great deal of energy to change water from one state to another. This is because of the strong hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules. The liquid phase allows water molecules to be in contact with each other, while the solid phase puts water molecules in an overall optimal configuration relative to each other.

Explanation:

Using the law of the conservation of mass, the reactions can be shown to obey the law.

We need to know what the law of the conservation of mass says so that we can be able to know how we can be able to apply the law in the proper perspective. We have to know that the law says that total mass of the system would remain constant. The implication of this is that the mass before the reaction would be the same as the mass after the reaction. The mass of the substance must be able to add up in the system that is under study as we have one here.

Mass of the iron = 56 g

Mass of the chlorine = 35.5 g

Balanced reaction equation;

[tex]2Fe + 3Cl_{2} ---- > 2FeCl_{3}[/tex]

This is the  formation of the iron III chloride

Total mass on the right hand side = 2(56) + 6(35.5) = 325 g

Total mass on the left hand side = 2[56 + 3(35.5)] = 325 g

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, a amount of 5.4 moles of oxygen are necessary to react completely with 7.2 moles of hydrogen.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

C₃H₈ + 3 O₂  → 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three is used: If by reaction stoichiometry 4 moles of H₂ are produced by 3 moles of O₂, 7.2 moles of H₂ are produced by how many moles of O₂?

moles of O₂= (7.2 moles of H₂×3 moles of O₂)÷ 4 moles of H₂

moles of O₂= 5.4 moles

Finally, 5.4 moles of oxygen are required.

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the diagram that best represents the particle-level structure of steel as alloy is option (b).

Alloy, often known as an alloy, is a metallic material made up of two or more elements. Even though carbon, a nonmetal, is a crucial component of steel, the constituents of alloys are typically themselves metals.

Typically, melting the mixture of materials produces alloys. Early civilizations recognized the usefulness of alloys; brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin) were particularly significant.

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. carbon range is upto 2 percent in the mixture.

In steel iron atoms are larger than carbon.

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Pg denotes gauge pressure, which is related to absolute pressure as follows: Pa is the local atmospheric pressure, and pg is equal to p - pa.

An automobile tire gauge, for instance, reads 32.0 psi. 14.2 psi is the atmospheric pressure in the area. The gauge pressure equation states that gauge pressure equals the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure: P G = P P A, or PG=PPA. A tire pressure gauge, for example, monitors the pressure in the tire above ambient pressure. Gauge pressure is the pressure in particular items. Thus, gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure add up to the total pressure, or absolute pressure: Pabs=Pg+Patm Pabs is the absolute pressure, Pg is the gauge pressure, and Patm is the atmospheric pressure. P abs = P g + P atm

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Following is the list of primary secondary and tertiary alcohols.

Alcohols are chemical compounds made composed of an alkyl or aryl group and a hydroxyl group (ROH). A fundamental alcohol is a hydroxyl carbon with just one R group. If it contains two R groups, it is a secondary alcohol, and if it has three R groups, it is a tertiary alcohol.

Look at the carbon bonded to OH to identify whether an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary. The alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many other carbons are connected to that carbon. It is methanol if there are three hydrogens and no carbons, which is a rare combination.

For the given formulas, following are different types of alcohols -

a) Primary Alcohols

b) Tertiary Alcohol

c) Secondary Alcohol

d) Primary Alcohol

e) Primary Alcohol

f) secondary Alcohol

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