What are the advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom-up programming? How would you decide which one to use? Do you approach problems in your real life from a bottom-up or top-down approach?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom-up programming?

Answer:

Top-down programming is a process of writing programming codes that contain specific instructions for a computer to carry out the instructed task. Usually, Top-down programming comes as software that enables the division of problems that are initially complex into simpler parts. An example is a kind of software developed to give loans to worthy clients. The software may be broken down further to check the bank statements of the client, calculate the earning and spending capacity of the client, Amount paid on utilities.

Advantages of Top-down programming:

1. Top-down programming makes teamwork possible as a system is divided into sub-systems which individuals can handle separately before merging the sub-systems together.

2. Checks and testing become easy.

Disadvantages of Top-down programming:

1. Breaking systems into parts may be time-consuming as there is a need for more planning before working on individual sub-systems.

2. Error could be possible.

Bottom-up programming is a software of a method of design which is opposite to what the top-down programming does as the bottom-up programming works on the sub-systems first and then combine later into a bigger system. This makes use of the existing resources with the aim of generating a bigger result.

Advantages of Bottom-up programming:

1. Adaptability - Bottom-up programming makes adaptability easier.

2. When used in a company it gives all workers the room to make a contribution towards achieving bigger results, improving operations generally.

3. It makes one start a bigger project with the available resources.

Disadvantages of Bottom-up programming:

1. Result could be affected as some workers lack the needed experience to execute some tasks successfully.

2. Lack of desired unity among workers with differences in objectives resulting to endangering the result.

Question: How would you decide which one to use?

Answer:

It depends on the picture of how the result would look like, the goal of the organization employing it, the skill-set among workers available to do the task, the nature of the task. If a larger goal is to be achieved, smaller sub-systems could be used and joined at the end to get a system meaning bottom-up programming would be used. In cases for instance where output is to be determined for instance staff salaries, the output would be broken into simpler units to allow solutions for separate units then we could use top-down programming.

Question: Do you approach problems in your real life from a bottom-up or top-down approach?

Answer:

I approach problems from a top-down approach because it allows checks and testing easy, and the act of breaking systems into sub-systems makes it easy for me to approach each sub-system with a result-oriented plan.

Answer 2

Answer:

Some advantages of top-down are that you can start off from what you know and figure out what you need to complete it, the advantage to bottom-up is that you can make something new . if you are starting something from scratch and you don't know what the end goal might be you would use bottom-up but if you already have an idea or the final product of what you want you would go with the top-down approach.

Hope this helpedHave a great day!


Related Questions

can someone please help its late

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to this question is given below in the explanation section.

Explanation:

The labels to AS engine are given below from left to right respectively.

FanCompressorCombustionTurbineMixer Nozzle

Fan: Drawer air into the engine

Compressor: Compressor spins the air very fast. This sequeezes or compresses the air

Combustion: Air and fuel are mixed together and ignited in the combustor and it gets super hot and gas expanded.

Turbine: The hot gases enter the turbine, causing the blade on it to spin.

Mixer: The mixer combines the hot air with outside air in the engine. This reduces the heat and noise that is coming from the engine.

Nozzle: nozzle is where the exhaust is coming out from the engine, creating thrust. It works according to newton's third law.

What do you mean by word-wrap?

Answers

Answer:

it is also know as line breaking

Explanation:

is breaking a section of text into lines so that it will fit into the available width of a page, window or other display area

Select the correct answer
Which filter enhances the color contrast around the edges of an image?

A. Texture filters

B.Sharpen filters

C.Blur filters

D.Noise filters

Answers

Answer: C. Blur filters

Explanation:

The unsharp mask filters or blur filters can be used for professional color correction. This will adjust the contrast of the image. Edge details and may produce a darker and lighter line on all side of the edges. This helps in creating illusion or blur image giving a sharp contrast and sharper image.

So, the color answer C. Blur filters

Answer:

B, Sharpen Filters

Explanation:

i got it right lol

Assume that x and y are boolean variables and have been properly initialized. !(x || y) || (x || y) The result of evaluating the expression above is best described as:

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "Always true "

Explanation:

Following are the program to this question:

#include <iostream>//header file

using namespace std;

int main()//main method

{

bool x=true;//defining bool variable x and assign value

bool y=false;//defining bool variable y and assign value

if(!(x || y) || (x || y))//use given condition with if block

{

   cout<<"True";//print true message

}

else//defining else block

{

   cout<<"false";//print false message

}

   return 0;

}

In the above code two bool variable is declared, that hold ture and false, and used in the given expression with the condition statement, that checks the given value. In the code the logical gate OR gate that always print the true value.

What are some legal issues that can arise from the use of all social media?

Answers

Answer:

CopyrightDefamationCyberbullying

Explanation:

The first issue, that I would like to explain is Copyright. If you are imposing as a company on Social Media with a real name that is Copyrighted, the company will file a DMCA takedown notice which is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act

. Which can result in your Social Media being taken down, or by getting a fine, sued or even jailtime.

The second issue is Defamation, what Defamation is basically spreading false information about a company / business in real or online that hurts a companies reputation. If you commit this crime online you can face a lawsuit or even jailtime for one year.

Thirdly, cyberbullying. This is illegal in most states in the US. Cyberbullying is a serious matter and depending on your states laws can be charged with criminal harassment.

Sources:

Quora: (Website)

Miclaw: (Website)

Statista: (Website)

Kerri is adding text and graphics to her presentation. She does this work in the _____. Normal (Slide) view Task pane Formatting toolbar Slide Sorter

Answers

Answer:

The answer to this question is given below in the explanation section.

Explanation:

The correct answer to this question is Normal View.

Kerri can add text and graphics to her presentation. She does this work easily in the Normal view of the slides. In normal view, you can edit your slide by slide and navigate with the thumbnail.

while other options are not correct because:

Task pan is used to show information about the current slide.

Formatting toolbar is used for formatting the contents in the slide

Slide sorter is a view that is used to see the thumbnail of all slides in your presentation to easily rearrange them.

Which scenarios are examples of students managing their time well? Check all that apply. A student studies while watching her favorite television shows. A student sets aside time to study every afternoon at his desk. O A student writes down some goals that she hopes to achieve in school. A student drafts a study schedule that includes breaks. A student uses her desk calendar to record the due dates for her homework assignments. O A student rushes through his homework while sending text messages to friends. 3). Intro​

Answers

Answer:

b,c,d, and e

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

BCDE

Explanation:

EDG 2021

Write pseudocode for washing a car using at least five steps.

Answers

Answer:

Step 1: Prepare the Cleaner

Pour a capful of car wash cleaner into a bucket and fill it a little over halfway with tap water. Car wash soap is specially designed to clean a car's exterior surfaces without stripping off wax, and it is typically sold alongside wax and car-detailing products in stores. Toss the first sponge in the bucket to let it soak up water and cleaner.

Step 2: ​Use the Garden Hose First

Spray water all over the car, starting at the top and working down the body of the car.

Step 3: Wash the Roof

Wash the top of the car first by squishing most of the excess water out of the sponge, then begin washing. Rinse the top as soon as you finish to ensure that the cleaning product does not dry on your car's paint. Blot the excess water off with your chamois or a terry cloth towel.

Step 4: Wash the Car's Body

Wash the car's body in sections, one panel at a time. Spray each panel with the garden hose again before washing with the sponge and cleaner. Rinse immediately after washing.If the water is not drying too fast, complete one whole side of the car before drying. If the water is drying quickly, dry each panel as soon as you finish washing.

Step 5: Wash the Wheel and Tires

Spray the wheel and tire cleaner on the wheels and tires.Using the second sponge, a brush or a rag, rub the cleaner into the tires to remove any remaining road dirt.

Step 6: Drying Your Car

Check your product's label to see if it needs to be washed off with water or buffed with a clean rag to complete the project.

Kali, a Python programmer, is using the turtle module to write the word “hello.” Which code should she use to indicate the location to begin writing the word?

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Anyone know the logic notation of this following logic circuit?

Answers

Answer:

Concept: Logic Circuit

You have two variables A and B A and B go to the XOR logic command.B goes to the NOT operator Lastly the result of both XOR & NOT go to the OR operator Please rate positively and give brainlist

Give short answers.
h.
How have computers affected education?
i.
What roles do computers play at home?

j.What effects have computers had on the practice and enforcement of law?

k. How have computers changed entertainment?

Answers

Answer:

H) Well it depends how you put it. I'm Doing virtual School for my education. And it is so easy when we have technology out their to provide the help that we need. So I think it has affected education pretty good. You can Also google the answers.

I) Looking up Answers at home

J) Parents can check up on their child's school work and see if they can help them. Also The law is involved in Education.

K) It depend's on how you put it

Explanation:

Short Answers

What are the most common forms of information?

Answers

Answer: web search

Explanation:

What is one way to make a presentation stand out by using PowerPoint Online?

Use different images and videos throughout the presentation.

Use a plain white background throughout the presentation.

Use the same font and font size throughout the presentation.

Use the same slide format throughout the presentation.

Answers

Answer:

Answer: Use different images and videos throughout the presentation.

Explanation:

I just took this test and got it correct :)

Answer:

give person on top brainlist they are right i got 100 percent

Explanation:

thank you

(Java)Write a program that calculates and displays the conversion of an entered number of dollars into currency denominations—20s, 10s, 5s, and 1s. Example output: $452 converted is 22 $20s, 1 $10s, 0 $5s, and 2 $1s.​

Answers

Answer:

Below!

Explanation:

This is the code I have. I am not sure what I am missing that it won't accept -  

import java.util.Scanner;

class Dollars {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

            int numTwenties,numTens,numFives,numOnes,dollarAmount;  

       Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);

       System.out.println("Please enter a dollar amount: ");  

       dollarAmount = sc.nextInt();

        numTwenties = dollarAmount/20;

        numTens = (dollarAmount - 20*numTwenties)/10;

        numFives = (dollarAmount - (10*numTens + 20*numTwenties))/5;

        numOnes = (dollarAmount - (10*numTens + 20*numTwenties + 5*numFives));

       System.out.println(+ dollarAmount + " converted is" + numTwenties + " $20s, " + numTens + " $10s, " + numFives + " $5s, and " + numOnes + " $1s.");  

   }

}

This is what it is giving me -

Test CaseIncomplete

Dollars 598

Input598

OutputPlease enter a dollar amount: 598

598 converted is29 $20s, 1 $10s, 1 $5s, and 3 $1s.

Results

$598 converted is 29 $20s, 1 $10s, 1 $5s, and 3 $1s

Expected Output

$598 converted is 29 $20s, 1 $10s, 1 $5s, and 3 $1s

It's mainly the price measure with one currency against the other, even as rate changes, money through one country can get relatively weak or powerful in comparison with the other currencies, and the further program can be defined as follows:

Program Explanation:

Import package.Defining a class Conversion .Defining an integer variable "twenties, tens, fives, ones, amount, n".After defining a variable, a Scanner class object is declared that inputs value in it.In the next step, a conditional statement is declared that checks value and hold its calcuated value.At the last, a print method is declared that prints its value.

Program:

import java.util.*;//import package  

public class Conversion //defining a class Conversion

{

   public static void main(String ar[])//defining a main method

   {

       int twenties, tens, fives, ones, amount, n;//defining an integer variable

       Scanner obcdf= new Scanner(System.in);//creating Scanner class object to input value

       System.out.println("Enter amount: ");//print message

       amount = obcdf.nextInt(); //input integer value

       n =  amount; //holding innput value

       if(amount > 20)//using if block that check amount value greater than 20

       {

           twenties = (int)(amount/20); //using twenties that divides amount value by 20 and hold its integer value  

           amount = amount % 20;// holding modules value in amount variable

       }

       else  //defining else block

       {

           twenties = 0;//holding 0 in twenties variable  

       }

       if(amount > 10)//using if that check amount value greater than 10

       {

           tens = (int)(amount/10);//using tens that divides amount value by 10 and hold its integer value

           amount = amount % 10;// holding modules value in amount variable

       }

       else  //defining else block

       {

           tens = 0;//holding 0 in tens variable  

       }

       if(amount > 5)//using if that check amount value greater than 5

       {

           fives = (int)(amount/5);//using tens that divides amount value by 5 and hold its integer value

           amount = amount % 5;// holding modules value in amount variable

       }

       else //defining else block

       {

           fives = 0;//holding 0 in fives variable  

       }

       if(amount > 1)//using if that check amount value greater than 1

       {

           ones = (int) amount;//holding amount value in ones variable

       }

       else //defining else block

       {

           ones = 0;//holding 0 in ones variable

       }  

       System.out.println("$"+n+" converted is "+twenties+" $20s, "+tens+" $10s, "+fives+" $5s, and "+ones+" $1s."); //print value

   }

}

Output:

Please find the attached file.

Learn more:

brainly.com/question/4448370

In which situation is coauthoring of presentations primarily utilized?

A reviewer must be able to make changes to a presentation after an author creates it.
Multiple authors must be able to simultaneously make changes to a presentation.
Multiple reviewers have to be able to view one another’s changes after they are made.
One author and one reviewer work on a presentation at different times.

Answers

Answer:

A i belive

Explanation:

Answer:

B) Multiple authors must be able to simultaneously make changes to a presentation.

Explanation:

Co indicates being part of a whole. So this means that two or more authors are working on this project simultaneously. Such as co-management; two bosses working together in an equal position.

Which of the following is an object-oriented language?

A. C
B. C++
C. BASIC
D. COBOL

Answers

Answer:

C++

Explanation:

Significant object-oriented languages include: (list order based on TIOBE index) Java, C++, C#, Python, R, PHP, Visual Basic.NET, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Kotlin, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and Smalltalk.

The programs' structure is made obvious via OOP. OOP makes the C++ code easier to maintain, alter, and debug by encouraging “Don't Repeat Yourself” (DRY) programming practices. OOP allows for quicker development times and less code needed to create fully reusable apps. Thus, option B is correct.

What role of C++ as an object-oriented language?

The following are several justifications for calling C++ a partial or semi-object oriented language. The primary action is not a class action.

Object-oriented programming is supported by C++, but it is not a feature of the language itself. You don't even need to use an object once to construct a legitimate, well-coded, and brilliantly styled C++ program.

Therefore, Object-oriented programming can be implemented using C++'s core features. It contains classes and objects as well as the OOP principles of inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism. It also has access to specifiers.

Learn more about language here:

https://brainly.com/question/29751978

#SPJ2

Match the terms with their definitions

Answers

Answer:

Malware goes with the third definition, single sign-on goes to the fourth definition, phishing goes to the second definition, and clickjacking goes to the first definition.

Hope this helps! :)

Malware = a term used for software designed to damage your computer or steal your personal information

Single sign-on = when you use a single credential to log into multiple websites

Phishing = when random links mislead you into giving your password or other vital information to an unscrupulous website or person

Clickjacking = when you unknowingly click a malicious link, thinking it to be a legitimate link
:)

Fill in the blanks : To store 3 character a computer occupies...................bytes memory space​

Answers

Answer:

Umm was there supposed to be a picture????

Explanation:

Hope you have a wonderful Christmas Eve time with your family!!❄️

Eight bits are called a byte. One byte character sets can contain 256 characters. The current standard, though, is Unicode, which uses two bytes to represent all characters in all writing systems in the world in a single set.

What is memory space?

Memory refers to the location of short-term data, while storage refers to the location of data stored on a long-term basis. Memory is the power of the brain to recall experiences or information.

Memory is most often referred to as the primary storage on a computer, such as RAM. Memory is also where information is processed. It enables users to access data that is stored for a short time.

Learn more about Memory here,

https://brainly.com/question/23423029

#SPJ2

what is wrong with this picture?????

Answers

“you got a tight little-“

uhm y’know everything is wrong with it terrifying really is uhm but yeah.

oh god that leg tho

how are web design & web development different from each other?

Answers

Answer:

Developers are people who build a website's core structure using coding languages, while designers are more visually creative and user-focused. Developers use their programming knowledge to breathe life into the designer’s creative vision.

You could think of developers as construction workers, and web designers as architects – both necessary, but different, skill sets.

I hope this helped :D

Explanation:

Read the following scenario. How might Sarah correct successfully complete her task?
To permanently remove a file from her computer, Sarah doubled-clicked on the My Computer icon and searched for her
file under the “Uninstall or change a program" menu option. A

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

A: To permanently remove a file from her computer, Sarah doubled-clicked on the My Computer icon and searched for her file under the “Uninstall or change a program” menu option.

or

b: empty the recycle bin : You can permanently delete a program file installed in the computer by following the procedure in option A. The option above will take you to the control panel and you'll be able to select the program you'd want to permanently remove. If you had initially deleted a file like a picture or a document or anything else that you necessarily do not need, it will go to recycle bin. You can head over there and select the Empty the Recycle Bin option to permanently delete the file.

What is the first thing animators need to determine when beginning a project?



a Editing locations



b Length of the film or project



c Setting



d Characters

Answers

Answer:c

Explanation:

Whenever you are designing a project for commercial use (making money) and need to use photographs with people in them you must obtain a__________release.

Answers

Answer:

Copyright

Explanation:

6
development with reference to Nepal.
Mention the objectives of sustainable development,
How can you relate the role of environment while can​

Answers

Answer:

objective of sustainable development are:

Explanation:

1.to help in poverty alleviation

2.to conserve the environment effectively

3.to gain human development and progress

4.to use resources and means carefully

Could u give me brief summary of New Years

Answers

....................................

Answer:

happy new year friend

sorry for late..

what does good time management mean​

Answers

Answer:

When you are consistent with your work and not wasting time

Explanation:

Time management to me means using your time wisely and thing you have to get done do those things first before doing something that is not a must. Being wise with your time will help you complete goals and more in life.

Have a good day and a merry Christmas

Most portable devices, and some computer monitors have a special steel bracket security slot built into the case, which can be used in conjunction with a:

Answers

Answer:

Instead of using a key or entering a code to open a door, a user can use an object, such as an ID badge, to identify themselves in order to gain access to a secure area. What term describes this type of object?

Explanation:

Linux implements _________ to determine how a user is to be authenticated and whether there are password policies associated with password databases.

Answers

Answer:

Pluggable authentication modules (PAM).

Explanation:

These are schemes that are seen to be used in API authentication. It is relyed on to provide high authentification protocool in any correct form it is seen to be in use. also its ability to grant access to each other within two people interface are reasons big user clients refer to it in most of their policies that deals with their working system passwords and their database passwords to most of their files. This is why the company in the context which is a big firm rely on it for its services.

b) Describe the computer processing that is required to maintain the correct growing
conditions.​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:To get the best plant growing conditions, the temperature and humidity (moisture in the air) have to be controlled.

The greenhouse therefore has temperature and humidity sensors linked to a computer, and the computer has a control program storing details of the correct temperature and humidity settings. The greenhouse is fitted with a heater, sprinkler and window motor which are also linked to the computer.

If the humidity falls below the values stored in the program, the computer activates the sprinklers and closes the windows. If the temperature falls outside the values stored in the program, the heater is activated by the computer.

The First Amendment of the Constitution is one of the most important parts of the Bill of Rights. What specific rights does this amendment guarantee to every American citizen?

Answers

Answer:

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of speech, religion and the press. It also protects the right to peaceful protest and to petition the government

Explanation:

if this answer is correct make me as brainlelist

Answer:

its guarantees the freedom of speech, religion, and the freedom of the press.

Explanation:

Other Questions
Please match with the correct answer1. emperor of Songhay from 1493 to 1528 2. emperor of Mali from 1312 to 1337 3. founder of the Mali Empire of West Africa in 1250 4. dynasty that ruled Ethiopia from A.D. 600 until 1270; its best-known king is Lalibela Mansa Musa Zagwe dynastySundiata Askia Muhammad When save a newly created template, you use which extension for the file type? .doc, .docx, .doct, .dotx? I need help with this question.Pls help. Why is it significant that Elizabeth Proctor would not tell the court of her husbands infidelity? What Egyptian Kingdom built the pyramids? * HELP ASAP multiple question right answer only!! (not all of the above) need help please help Which statement explains one way that ponds and lakes differ? Ponds are shallower than lakes. Ponds are larger than lakes. Pond water moves more than lake water. Lakes have more plants at the bottom than ponds. HELP WHATS THE ANSWER what is the representative organism for sponges??Worth 20 points!!! help im being TIMED A batter hits two balls during practice. Ball A travels 10 meters, while ball B travels 12 meters. The batter decides to hit ball A with less force. How will this change the motion of ball B? The motion of ball B will increase. The motion of ball B will decrease. The motion of ball B will stay the same. The motion of ball B will become the same as ball A. For every | | followers Matthew has, Kevin has | |followers.PLEASE HELP ILL MARK BRAINLEST i need someone to help me with my algebra homework :( You have certain undeniable rights because you are alive and human including (like right to life)that are protected by the Bill of Rights. Which principle does this reflect?A. Individual rights B. Popular Sovereignty C.FederalismD. Separation of Powers if you have 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. how many autosomes do you have? If there are oncoming cars to the left of you and a child on a bike to the right, what is the correct action to take The commitment of the United States government to the principles of free enterprisecontributed to -A government owning of some businessesB increasing limits on consumer choiceC less government interaction in the economyD government running of westward expansion I need to know good world languages to study. Camilla has already baked five pies and she can make one pie with additional cup of sugar she buys how many additional cups of sugar does Camila need in order to bake a total of 49 pies can u pls help me with this question