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The size of the human genome is 3.2x109bp. The 3.2kb long fragment is to be amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the human genome as a template. How many cycles of PCR is necessary for the amplified target sequence at least 50% (by mass) of the total DNA in the reaction mixture. Explain how you arrived to this number.
Mass is proportional to sequence length.
Let one base pair have mass M.
Thus,
[tex]3.2*10^9 bp[/tex] will have mass [tex](3.2*10^9) * M[/tex]
And the 3.2kb target will have a mass of
For the total amount of amplified target sequence to constitute 50% (by mass) of the total DNA in the reaction mixture, it has to be amplified to such an extent that the total mass of the amplicon matter is also [tex](3.2 * 109) * M[/tex]
PCR amplification happens geometrically, doubling the DNA target with each cycle.
Thus, if the number of cycles in N,
Then,
[tex](3.2 * 10^9) x M = 3.2 x 1000 x M x (2)N\\\\or 10^6 = (2)^N\\\\or 6 = N log2\\\\or N = \frac{6}{log2} = 20[/tex]
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DOES ANYONE KNOW PLEASE HELP !
it's B.in m from weight and height
According to a report by the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on December 23, new research shows that the number of deaths in my country during the first and second waves of the new crown epidemic may be severely underestimated, especially among the elderly and the poor. The actual number may be It is 12 times higher than the official statistics, that is, more than 6 million people. According to the report, if this data is accurate, my country will become the country with the largest number of deaths from the new crown epidemic in the world so far, surpassing the 811,000 people in the United States.
Answer:
It sounds like it would be one of the worst countries in the world for c-19. That sounds like it checks out, but could you provide a link?
Also, what is your question?
In which area would a veterinary scientist NOT consider the possibility of running across anthrax? A. Antarctica B. the Southeastern United States C. the United Kingdom D. Anthrax is found all over the world.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Anthrax is found all around the world
Anthrax is found everywhere, so there is no place where a veterinary scientist would not consider the possibility of running across anthrax. The correct option is D.
What is anthrax?An uncommon bacterial disease called anthrax is spread through mosquitoes, insects, and other animals. Victims may feel unwell, develop skin ulcers, or experience respiratory problems. Anthracis produces dry spores that can spread through the materials for a very long time after the first release.
Anthrax is thought to have originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Currently, it is present in the areas of central and South America, Africa, and Asia.
The three types of anthrax are:
cutaneous (skin)inhalation (lungs)gastrointestinal (stomach/intestine)Therefore, the correct option is D. Anthrax is found all over the world.
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Is there any difference between premature and preterm babies??
Answer:
there is I think is this for science?
DID I CLICK RIGHT ONE PLEASE HELP ME
Answer:
The answer is 4mg
Explanation:
Hope this helps
May I get Braineist pls?
Which of the following slows down the Central Nervous System?
O amphetamines
O cocaine
o ritalin
O depressants
DOES ANYONE KNOW THE AWNSER PLEASE HELP
Answer:
It's B
Explanation:
Hope this helps
May I get Braineist Pls?
Name a diagnostic imaging test and what it is used to diagnose?
Answer:
Hi mate
Explanation:
Medical imaging developed rapidly to play a central role in medicine today by supporting diagnosis and treatment of a disease. Medical imaging encompasses technologies like ultrasonography, x-rays, mammography, computed tomography (CT scans), and nuclear medicine
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What is the flow of blood through the heart?
Answer:
1. De-oxygenated blood from the superior & inferior vena cava empties into the right atrium
2. Through the tricuspid valve
3. Into right ventricle
4 Through pulmonary semi-lunar valve
5. Pulmonary artery (unique* carries de-oxygenated blood)
6. Lungs
7. Pulmonary veins (unique* carries oxygenated blood)
8. Left atrium
9. Through bicuspid valve/mitral valve
10. Left ventricle
11. Through Aortic semi lunar valve
12. Aorta
Explanation:
Smoking status is an example of what type of variable
Hope it's helpful to you and like my answer
DID I CLICK THE RIGHT ONE SOMEONE TELL ME
Answer:
i think no try another one
Maria recently adopted a vegan lifestyle. Which nutrients does she need to focus on to ensure that she does not develop deficiency symptoms
Answer:
Protein and iron
Explanation:
Protein slows down digestion so it will make you feel full. So she would not need to go get a high calorie snack afterward. Iron will help transport oxygen throughout the body.
whats something that affects your social relationships in a positive way and why? Please help
Answer:
Something would be your clothes
Explanation:
everybody says that "first impression is the most important" and that also means your clothes beceause, you can have Einstein's brain and it doesn't matter at first glance it matters only how you look (clothes, hair, etc.)
the distal end of the femur and the proximal of the tibia and fibula from the ___ joint
Answer:
syndesmosis
Explanation:
The inferior tibiofibular joint is a fibrous joint, precisely a syndesmosis. The articular surfaces of this joint are the triangular convex surface on the medial aspect of the distal end of the fibula and the reciprocally concave fibular notch on the distal end of tibia
Hope it helps
What would happen if a person who is undergoing chemotherapy were given a live virus vaccine against polio
Answer:
They would contract the polio disease due to weakened immune system
Explanation:
Because the persons immune system is weak and compromised, they would most likely contract the polio disease.
DID I CLICK THE RIGHT ONE SOMEONE IT IS MY LAST QUESTION SOMEONE HELP PLEASE
Answer:
11mL
Explanation:
hope this helps
What are the major things a urinalysis is looking for ?
A urinalysis is a test of your urine. It's used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes.
The urine analysis is done to observe the presence of blood, sugar, amino acids, bile pigments, etc. The presence of these unwanted molecules explains the type of disease.
How does urine form?Urine is formed in the nephron in the kidney. In humans, there are two kidneys, and each kidney has millions of nephrons. Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney.
The blood is filtered at the nephrons, and the filtrate enters the nephron. Active transport returns necessary ions and molecules in the filtrate, such as glucose and amino acids, to the body. After the urine is formed, it is passed down to the urinary bladder through the ureter.
The blood cells are large, so they don't enter normally in the urine. If glucose, bile pigments, and blood are present in the urine, it shows that the kidney is not in good condition. Many other diseases happen if the kidneys don't work well.
Hence, urine analysis is looking for unwanted particles in the urine, such as glucose, blood cells, etc.
Click here to learn more about urine.
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HELP ME PLEASE !!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
with what
Explanation:
Describe capillary puncture procedures.
Explanation:
The procedure is easier and less painful than traditional venipuncture which draws blood from a vein. In order to collect blood with a capillary tube, the appropriate site must be cleaned and punctured with a lancet so that a drop of blood can be gently expressed.
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discuss the physiological reasons why we get old
Answer:
its normal we get old we are living beings its a natural process
i hope its helps you
COULD SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME I AM DYING AND I AM BEGGING U PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer:
I believe it would be Talyst
Explanation:
I hope this helps.
A(n) __________ is created when sperm meets egg and contains all DNA necessary to create a person. A. zygote B. blastocyst C. embryo D. fetus Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
It should be: A. Zygote Broski
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Also comment if I'm correct pls!
What are the metabolic pathways involved in maintaining blood glucose levels??
The metabolic pathways involved in maintainance of blood glucose levels includes:
GlucoseGlycolysisGlycolysis Eicosanoid ReceptorGlycolysis Eicosanoid Receptor EnzymesGlycolysis Eicosanoid Receptor Enzymes AdenosineIn the body, the metabolism of glucose and other six carbon sugars starts with the catabolic pathway which is called glycolysis.
In the catabolic pathway, sugars are oxidized and broken down into pyruvate molecules.
Hence, the corresponding anabolic pathway by which glucose is synthesized is termed gluconeogenesis.
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How does the stomach virus spread? I been 4 ft away from a infected person. But no contact with vomit. should I be fine?
Answer:
It depends on what type of virus it is but you should be fine as long as you didn't make contact with them like using the same spoons or forks and stuff like that if its one of those viruses but some of them can be air born
Explanation:
Chronic migraine sufferers should
Answer:
People who suffer from chronic migraines should consult their doctor to get their opinion and a potential diagnosis. Migraine can be formed by pinched nerves, stress, or a potential disorder. If you have a migrain, in order to self treat it you should lay down in a dark room with a cool rag over your eyes. Too much movement can cause dizziness and in worse cases hallucinations.
Which of the following are Cholinergic agents? Mytelase or urecholine or guanidine or motrin
Answer:
Mytelase only
Explanation:
Name three top priorities of the Medical Assistant?
The medical assistant's top three priorities are assisting the doctor during the examination, taking vitals, and explaining the medical procedure.
Three main top priorities of the Medical Assistant are,
1. Medical assistant assists the doctor during the patient's examination and follow all the instruction by the doctors.
2. Medical assistant takes all the vitals like Blood pressure and heart rate. The medical assistants take the blood samples from the patient and give injections.
3. Medical assistants gather all necessary information from the patient and prepare a record of the patient's medical condition and history.
Therefore, the medical assistant's top three priorities are assisting the doctor during the examination, taking vitals, and explaining the medical procedure.
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HERE IS THE 4 QUESTION
Answer:
C
Explanation:
im not 100% sure if im right but i would think that the administration (aka staff) would help. If you were to go to the front desk to file your insurance benefits i would think that the front desk staff would be permitted to file your information sorry if im wrong i hope this helps.