the reliability of later editions of the dsm is ________than of earlier editions.

True Small cap stocks have a market capitalization of less than $2 billion. Small-cap companies are often called "micro-cap" stocks, and they are businesses with a total market capitalization of less than $2 billion.

These companies are frequently in their early phases and are considered riskier than larger businesses. The majority of these companies are often young and in the development phase, with much less revenue and higher volatility. They may often have less analyst coverage, making them more difficult to evaluate.

But in certain situations, they may provide the chance for a greater return on investment because they have the potential to grow rapidly as they grow in size.Small-cap businesses frequently operate in niche markets and may be focused on a specific sector or market. Although small-cap stocks have a greater risk of failure than large-cap companies, they also have the potential for larger gains. The greater the risk, the greater the potential rewards. These firms have the potential to grow into larger, more profitable companies with larger market caps with continued success and growth.

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1. Effects of activities listed in (a) through (h):

(a) Collected $940 from a credit customer.

Increase in Cash: $940

Increase in Accounts Receivable: $940

Explanation of equity transaction: No Affect on Equity

(b) Paid $3,200 for equipment purchased on account in June.

Decrease in Equipment: $3,200

Decrease in Accounts Payable: $3,200

Explanation of equity transaction: No Affect on Equity

(c) Did work for a client and collected cash; $2,500.

Increase in Cash: $2,500

Increase in Revenue: $2,500

Explanation of equity transaction: Revenue

(d) Paid a part-time consultant’s wages; $1,090.

Decrease in Cash: $1,090

Decrease in Expenses: $1,090

Explanation of equity transaction: Expenses

(e) Paid the July rent; $2,600.

Decrease in Cash: $2,600

Decrease in Expenses: $2,600

Explanation of equity transaction: Expenses

(f) Paid the July utilities; $1,300.

Decrease in Cash: $1,300

Decrease in Expenses: $1,300

Explanation of equity transaction: Expenses

(g) Performed services for a customer on credit; $2,300.

Increase in Accounts Receivable: $2,300

Increase in Revenue: $2,300

Explanation of equity transaction: Revenue

(h) Called an information technology consultant to fix the agency’s photo editing software in August; it will cost $490.

Increase in Expenses: $490

Decrease in Cash: $490

Explanation of equity transaction: Expenses

Liabilities refer to the financial obligations or debts that a company or individual owes to external parties. They represent the claims against the company's assets and can include accounts payable, loans, accrued expenses, and other outstanding obligations. Liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet and reflect the financial responsibilities that need to be fulfilled in the future.

2. Income statement for July 2020:

Revenue:

Service Revenue: $2,500 + $2,300 = $4,800

Expenses:

Wages Expense: $1,090

Rent Expense: $2,600

Utilities Expense: $1,300

IT Consultant Expense: $490

Net Income:

Net Income = Revenue - Expenses

Net Income = $4,800 - ($1,090 + $2,600 + $1,300 + $490)

3. Statement of changes in equity for July 2020:

Natalie Gold, Capital:

Beginning Capital: $15,800

Add: Net Income

Deduct: Owner Withdrawal (if any)

4. Balance sheet for July 2020:

Assets:

Cash: $7,400 (Beginning balance) + $940 (Collection from credit customer) + $2,500 (Cash collected from client) - $3,200 (Payment for equipment) - $1,090 (Consultant's wages) - $2,600 (Rent payment) - $1,300 (Utilities payment) - $490 (IT consultant cost)

Accounts Receivable: $2,600 (Beginning balance) + $2,300 (Services performed on credit) - $940 (Collection from credit customer)

Supplies: $3,300 (Beginning balance)

Equipment: $7,900 (Beginning balance) - $3,200 (Payment for equipment)

Liabilities:

Accounts Payable: $5,400 (Beginning balance) - $3,200 (Payment for equipment)

Equity:

Natalie Gold, Capital: Beginning balance + Net Income - Owner Withdrawal

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Your question is incomplete; most probably, your complete question is this:

Natalie Gold is the owner of the marketing agency Vivid Voice. The company focuses on online consulting services, such as online marketing campaigns and blog services. The June transactions for Vivid Voice resulted in totals at June 30, 2020, as shown in the following accounting equation format: Assets = Liabilities + Equity Cash + Accounts Receivable + Supplies + Equipment = Accounts Payable + Natalie Gold,Capital Explanation of Equity Transaction $7,400 + $2,600 + $3,300 + $7,900 = $5,400 + $15,800 During July, the following occurred: Collected $940 from a credit customer. Paid $3,200 for equipment purchased on account in June. Did work for a client and collected cash; $2,500. Paid a part-time consultant’s wages; $1,090. Paid the July rent; $2,600. Paid the July utilities; $1,300. Performed services for a customer on credit; $2,300. Called an information technology consultant to fix the agency’s photo editing software in August; it will cost $490. 1. Show the effects of the activities listed in (a) through (h). For each transaction that affects equity, select the appropriate description beside it (owner investment, owner withdrawal, revenue, expenses provided in the dropdown). (Enter all amounts as positive values. If the transaction/event does not affect equity or does not require a journal entry, select "No Affect on Equity" in the 'Explanation of equity transaction' field.) 2. Prepare an income statement for July 2020. 3. Prepare a statement of changes in equity for July 2020. 4. Prepare an balance sheet for July 2020. Analysis Component: Review Gold’s balance sheet. How much of the assets are financed by Gold? How much of the assets are financed by debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Equilibrium real output in the AD-AS model can be above, equal to, or below full employment.

In the short run, equilibrium occurs when the aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply curves intersect. This intersection can happen at any level—below, above, or at the long-run aggregate supply curve. Therefore, the economy can operate below full employment (a recessionary gap), at full employment, or even beyond full employment (an inflationary gap) in the short run. These different outcomes reflect the dynamics of aggregate demand and supply, which can result in variations in output levels relative to the long-run potential output of the economy.

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a) The weighted average cost of capital (rwACC) of the "Gourmet Coffee" division is $2,073.05.

b) The value of the "Gourmet Coffee" division at the beginning of 2019 is $2,326.24.

a) The assessed weighted typical expense of capital (rwACC) of the "Connoisseur Espresso" division can be determined utilizing the accompanying advances:

Compute the expense of value (re) utilizing the Capital Resource Estimating Model (CAPM):

re = without risk rate + Beta * market risk premium

re = 7% + 2 * 6.5% = 20%

Work out the expense of obligation (rd) after charge:

rd = loan fee * (1 - charge rate)

rd = 10% * (1 - 40%) = 6%

Compute the heaviness of value (we) and the heaviness of obligation (wd):

we = value/absolute worth = (1 - obligation capital proportion) = 80%

wd = obligation/complete worth = obligation capital proportion = 20%

Compute the weighted typical expense of capital (rwACC):

rwACC = (we * re) + (wd * rd)

rwACC = (0.8 * 20%) + (0.2 * 6%) = 16.8% + 1.2% = 18%

Thusly, the assessed weighted typical expense of capital (rwACC) of the "Connoisseur Espresso" division is 18%.

b) To assess the worth of the "Connoisseur Espresso" division toward the start of 2019, we can utilize the limited income (DCF) approach. We want to ascertain the current worth of the extended free incomes from 2019 to interminability.

Work out the extended free incomes for every year (2019-2023):

FCF = EBIT * (1 - charge rate) + deterioration - capital consumptions

FCF2019 = $560 million * (1 - 40%) + $350 million - $420 million = $274 million pesos

Ascertain the terminal worth (television) in 2023:

TV2023 = FCF2024/(rwACC - ceaseless development rate)

FCF2024 = FCF2023 * (1 + ceaseless development rate)

FCF2023 = FCF2019 * (1 + development rate)^4 = $274 million * (1 + 0.04)^4 = $315.42 million pesos

TV2023 = $315.42 million/(18% - 4%) = $2,788.67 million pesos

Compute the current worth of incomes:

PV = FCF2019/(1 + rwACC) + FCF2020/[tex](1 + rwACC)^_2[/tex] + ... + TV2023/[tex](1 + rwACC)^_5[/tex]

PV = $274 million/(1 + 18%) + $274 million/[tex](1 + 18)^_2[/tex] + ... + $2,788.67 million/[tex](1 + 18)^_5[/tex]

By limiting the incomes, the assessed worth of the "Connoisseur Espresso" division toward the start of 2019 will be one of the gave choices: a. $2,073.05 b. $2,326.24 c. $2,502.21 d. $2,941.02 e. $3,005.64.

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(a) Strategies for firms:A has two possible strategies:i) Preemptive Clause: A includes a preemptive clause in its employment contract.ii) No Preemptive Clause: A does not include a preemptive clause in its employment contract. B has two possible strategies:i) Clone: B decides to clone A's app.ii) Not Clone: B decides not to clone A's app.

(b) The game in strategic form: Firm A / Firm B | Clone | Not ClonePreempt | (170,-50) | (150, 50)Not Preempt | (230, 90) | (250,150)

(c) Nash Equilibria:A Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a non-cooperative game, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only their strategy.

The Nash Equilibria are: Firm A / Firm B | Clone | Not Clone Preempt | (170,-50) | (150, 50)Not Preempt | (230, 90) | (250,150)The Nash equilibria in this game are: (Preempt, Clone) and (Not Preempt, Not Clone).

(d) Subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium (SPNE):A subgame perfect Nash equilibrium is a refinement of a Nash equilibrium used in dynamic games.

A strategy profile is a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium if it represents a Nash equilibrium of every subgame of the original game. In this game, the only subgame occurs if A preempts. The subgame perfect Nash equilibrium is (Preempt, Clone). In this Nash equilibrium, if A preempts, B will clone, and then A will fight.

(e) Prediction on how A and B will play the game:When A does not preempt, B has a dominant strategy to clone the app, which leaves A with only one option: to fight. When A preempts, B has a dominant strategy to share the market, which leaves

A with two options: to fight or to share the market. When A fights, B gets a negative payoff, so B's best response is to share the market. Therefore, the only Nash equilibrium of the game is (Preempt, Clone), which means that A will include a preemptive clause in its employment contract, and B will clone the app.

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The company is a monopolist, it will charge the highest price that the demand curve allows and still sell the highest quantity.

A horizontal line that intersects the vertical axis at $P^*$ is added to the graph of the possible future prices per share of a company's stock. Let's learn more about it. The horizontal line intersects the vertical axis at P*.If the horizontal line that is a part of the possible future prices per share of a company's stock graph intersects the vertical axis at P*, then it represents the constant marginal cost of producing the company's product. If the company's marginal cost is constant, then its price is solely determined by the intersection of demand and supply. The addition of a horizontal line that intersects the vertical axis at P* to the graph of the possible future prices per share of a company's stock implies that the marginal cost of producing the company's product is constant at a price per unit of P*. Therefore, if the company is a monopolist, it will charge the highest price that the demand curve allows and still sell the highest quantity. Since the company is a monopolist, it will charge the highest price that the demand curve allows and still sell the highest quantity.

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The correct answer is option b, that is, II & III only. If a company increases its current liabilities by $1,000 and simultaneously increases its inventories by $1,000, its quick ratio must fall and company's quick ratio may never exceed its current ratio.

I. This statement is incorrect. If a company increases its current liabilities by $1,000 and simultaneously increases its inventories by $1,000, the current ratio may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged, depending on the magnitude of other current assets and liabilities.

II. This statement is correct. The quick ratio (also known as the acid-test ratio) is a more stringent measure of liquidity that excludes inventories from current assets. If inventories increase while current liabilities increase, the quick ratio will generally fall since inventories are not considered quick assets.

III. This statement is correct. The quick ratio is always equal to or less than the current ratio because it excludes inventories from current assets, making it a more conservative measure of liquidity.

Therefore, the most accurate answer to the question is option b (II & III only).

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The most likely cause of the spike in cotton production in Mississippi in the mid-1800s was the widespread adoption of slave labor and the expansion of plantation agriculture.

During that time, Mississippi became one of the leading cotton-producing states in the United States. The availability of fertile land and a favorable climate for cotton cultivation further contributed to this growth.

Cotton was a highly profitable cash crop, and plantation owners in Mississippi sought to maximize their profits by expanding their cotton plantations. To meet the increasing demand, they relied heavily on slave labor, which was prevalent in the southern states during this period. Slavery provided a cheap and abundant workforce that allowed for large-scale cotton production.

The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in the late 18th century also played a significant role in the expansion of cotton production. The cotton gin made the process of separating cotton fibers from the seeds much more efficient, increasing the profitability and feasibility of cultivating cotton on a large scale.

Overall, the combination of favorable geographical conditions, the profitability of cotton, and the widespread use of slave labor were the primary factors behind the spike in cotton production in Mississippi during the mid-1800s.

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The cost driver or allocation base is a factor that measures the consumption of resources by each activity and is used to allocate the costs to products or services.

a. Classifying activities as unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level:

Depreciation on manufacturing equipment: Facility-level activity.

Materials handling: Batch-level activity.

Inventory storage: Product-level activity.

Inspection of each batch produced: Batch-level activity.

Salaries of receiving clerks: Unit-level activity.

Setup for each batch produced: Batch-level activity.

Insurance on production facilities: Facility-level activity.

b. Identifying an appropriate cost driver (allocation base) for each activity:

Depreciation on manufacturing equipment: The cost driver could be machine hours or production hours.

Materials handling: The cost driver could be the number of batches or the number of material movements.

Inventory storage: The cost driver could be the average inventory value or the square footage of storage space.

Inspection of each batch produced: The cost driver could be the number of batches or the number of inspections.

Salaries of receiving clerks: The cost driver could be the number of units received or the number of receiving transactions.

Setup for each batch produced: The cost driver could be the number of setups or the setup time.

Insurance on production facilities: The cost driver could be the total value of production facilities or the square footage of production facilities.

Note: The choice of cost driver may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the company's cost allocation methodology.

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a) The value of Jaden's AGI would be $96,800.

b) Jaden's AGI will be $102,000 Jaden directs the IRA trustee to transfer the $5,200 distribution directly to a qualifying charity as a qualified charitable donation (QCD).

a. Jaden's AGI if he donates the $5,200 distribution proceeds to a qualifying charity

After considering the $5,200 distribution proceeds for a qualifying charity, Jaden's AGI would be $96,800.

b. Jaden's AGI if he transfers $5,200 to a qualified charitable donation (QCD)

If Jaden transfers $5,200 to a qualified charitable donation (QCD), Jaden's AGI will be $102,000, the same as it was before the qualified charitable distribution.

So, if he directly transfers his RMD to a qualified charity as a qualified charitable donation (QCD), it would not be taxable.

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"Industrial" advertising is targeted at individuals who influence the purchase of goods and services used to make other products.

Industrial advertising is aimed at businesses or professionals involved in the procurement and decision-making process for industrial or business-to-business (B2B) products.

This type of advertising focuses on promoting products, services, or solutions that are utilized in the production, manufacturing, or operational processes of other companies. It aims to communicate the value, features, and benefits of these products to the specific audience, which may include engineers, procurement managers, or other professionals involved in the supply chain of industrial businesses.

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The selected public institution for the purpose of this task is the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA).What is the South African Social Security  African Social Security Agency (SASSA) is a public entity that is responsible for the distribution of social grants on behalf of the South African Government.

The social grants help to improve the standard of living of people in the country who are considered poor and vulnerable. SASSA is accountable to the South African Government's Department of Social Development and is classified under Schedule 3C of the Public Finance Management governance parties at the South African Social Security Agency  parties to corporate governance at SASSA include the following:1.

Board of DirectorsThe SASSA board of directors is responsible for ensuring that the organization operates in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. The board is also responsible for ensuring that the organization achieves its objectives and protects the interests of its stakeholders. The board is accountable to the Minister of Social Development.2. Executive ManagementThe executive management team is responsible for the day-to-day operations of SASSA. The team is accountable to the board of directors.3. ShareholdersThe shareholders of SASSA are the citizens of South Africa. The organization is funded by taxpayers' money, and therefore the citizens have an interest in ensuring that the organization.

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The company paid $84,000 cash to purchase the building. The land on which it was located was bought for $109,000 cash.

The company also paid transfer costs of $11,000, which are divided into two: $5,000 for the building and $6,000 for the land. Before the building was used, the company paid $24,000 for renovation costs. In total, the company paid $228,000.The purchase cost of the land on which the building was located is $109,000. The company also spent $11,000 on transfer costs ($5,000 for the building and $6,000 for the land), which brings the total cost to $120,000. After the renovation costs of $24,000, the total cost of the building and land is now $144,000. The straight-line depreciation method is a common method of depreciation used in accounting that is used to depreciate the value of an asset over its useful life. This method assumes that an asset will lose an equal amount of value each year. To calculate straight-line depreciation, you need to subtract the salvage value from the cost of the asset, and then divide that amount by the useful life of the asset. The salvage value is the amount that the asset is expected to be worth at the end of its useful life.

For example, if the cost of the asset is $144,000 and its salvage value is $24,000, and its useful life is 10 years, then the annual straight-line depreciation expense would be ($144,000 - $24,000) / 10 = $12,000 per year.
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Web advertising is the use of the internet as a medium to deliver promotional content to customers or target audiences. This form of advertising works by using the target audience’s demographic data to serve them relevant ads, thereby increasing the chances of the ads being clicked on.

Web advertising uses cookies, device identifiers, and other types of tracking technologies to gather information about a user’s interests, demographics, and online behavior, which it uses to display ads that are more likely to be relevant to the user. The most common forms of web advertising include display ads, search engine marketing, and native advertising.


BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacons are a type of mobile advertising technology that uses Bluetooth signals to send personalized messages to users’ mobile devices.

These beacons use a unique identifier to trigger location-specific actions on the mobile device, such as displaying a notification, opening an app, or sending a push notification.

BLE beacons use mobile advertising to offer personalized and targeted messages to customers, based on their location and interests. These beacons are commonly used in retail stores, museums, and other public places to offer users a personalized experience while advertising the product or service.

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While using an OSS (Open-Source Software) component for customer engagement, the engagement team:

1. Can customize and modify the OSS component according to their specific requirements: True. One advantage of OSS is that it provides flexibility for customization. The engagement team can modify the OSS component to tailor it to their specific needs, such as incorporating specific features or integrating it with other systems.

2. Needs to comply with the licensing terms of the OSS component: True. OSS typically comes with licensing terms that outline how it can be used and distributed. The engagement team must ensure they comply with these terms, such as attributing the original authors and sharing any modifications or enhancements made to the component.

3. May benefit from a supportive community of developers: True. OSS often has a vibrant community of developers who contribute to its development and offer support. The engagement team can leverage this community for assistance, guidance, and collaboration, which can enhance their customer engagement efforts.

4. May need to actively maintain and update the OSS component: True. Like any software, OSS components require maintenance and updates to address bugs, security vulnerabilities, and compatibility issues. The engagement team will need to allocate resources and stay proactive in maintaining the OSS component to ensure its continued effectiveness.

Using OSS components for customer engagement can offer advantages in terms of customization, community support, and cost-effectiveness. However, it also requires careful compliance with licensing terms and ongoing maintenance to ensure optimal performance.

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Required 1 Present operations New operations Sales (48,000 units $29 per unit)$ 1,392,000$ 1,392,000Variable expenses 974,400 (48,000 units × $20.30)$ 415,200 (48,000 units × $11.60) Contribution margin$ 417,600$ 976,800 Fixed expenses 334,080751,680 .Net operating income$ 83,520$ 225,120

Required 2a) Degree of operating leverage:Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin ÷ Net operating income Particulars Present operations New operations Contribution margin$ 417,600$ 976,800 Net operating income$ 83,520$ 225,120

Degree of operating leverage 5.00 times 4.34 times b) Break-even point in dollar sales:Break-even point in dollar sales = Fixed expenses ÷ Contribution margin ratio Particulars Present operations New operations Contribution margin ratio 0.30 times 0.70 times Fixed expenses

334,080751,680

Break-even point in dollar sales$ 1,113,600$ 1,073,829

c) Margin of safety:Margin of safety in dollars = Actual sales - Break-even sales Margin of safety percentage = Margin of safety in dollars ÷ Actual sales Particulars Present operations New operations

Beak-even sales$ 1,113,600$ 1,073,829 Actual sales 1,392,0001,392,000 Margin of safety in dollars$ 278,400$ 318,171 Margin of safety percentage 20%23%

Required 3 The factor which would be paramount in the manager's mind in deciding whether to purchase the new equipment is the increased net operating income and hence the profitability after the purchase. The manager would like to make sure that the new purchase would increase the profits.

Required 4 Particulars Present operations New operations Sales (48,000 units $29 per unit)$ 1,392,000$ 1,392,000 Variable expenses974,400 (48,000 units × $20.30)$ 303,600 (52,800 units × $5.75)Contribution margin$ 417,600$ 1,088,400 Fixed expenses 334,080957,296.

Net operating income$ 83,520$ 131,104 Break-even point in dollar sales = Fixed expenses ÷ Contribution margin ratio= $957,296 ÷ 0.30= $3,190,987 (rounded off to nearest dollar)Therefore, the new break-even point in dollar sales under the new marketing strategy would be $3,190,987.

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Angel should pay approximately $140.32 in Social Security tax for the wages paid to Chris in the fourth quarter of 2021.

To calculate the amount of Social Security tax that Angel should pay for the wages paid to Chris, we need to consider the Social Security tax rate and the wage base limit set by the government.

For the year 2021, the Social Security tax rate is 6.2% of wages, and the wage base limit is $142,800. This means that Social Security tax is only applicable to wages up to the wage base limit.

Given that Angel paid $2,262 in wages for the fourth quarter of 2021 to Chris, we need to check if this amount exceeds the wage base limit. If it does, we will calculate the Social Security tax based on the wage base limit. If it does not, we will calculate the Social Security tax based on the actual wages paid.

Step 1: Check if wages exceed the wage base limit:

$2,262 < $142,800 (wage base limit)

Since the wages paid to Chris in the fourth quarter are less than the wage base limit, we will calculate the Social Security tax based on the actual wages paid.

Step 2: Calculate the Social Security tax:

Social Security tax = (Wages paid) * (Social Security tax rate)

= $2,262 * 0.062

= $140.32

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(a) To journalize the partial year depreciation as of the day of the sale (March 31st) using the straight-line method, we need to calculate the depreciation expense for the partial year.

Given:

Purchase price: $80,000

Estimated life: 10 years

Residual value: $15,000

Depreciation per year = (Purchase price - Residual value) / Estimated life

Depreciation per year = ($80,000 - $15,000) / 10 = $6,500

Since the equipment was used for the first eight years, the total depreciation for those years would be 8 years * $6,500 = $52,000.

For the partial year in 2021 (January 1st to March 31st), we need to calculate the depreciation expense.

Partial year depreciation = Depreciation per year * (Number of days in the partial year / Number of days in a year)

Partial year depreciation = $6,500 * (90 / 365) = $1,602.74 (rounded to the nearest cent)

Journal entry for the partial year depreciation on March 31st:

Date: March 31

Account Name                    Debit       Credit

Depreciation Expense       $1,602      

Accumulated Depreciation             $1,602

(b) To journalize the sale of the equipment on March 31st, we need to record the cash received and remove the equipment and its accumulated depreciation from the books.

Journal entry for the sale of the equipment on March 31st:

Date: March 31

Account Name    Debit       Credit

Cash                 $25,000      

Accumulated Depreciation    $52,000

Equipment           $80,000  

Gain on Sale of Equipment         $3,000

Explanation:

- Cash is debited with the amount received from the sale, which is $25,000.

- Accumulated Depreciation is credited with the total depreciation amount accumulated over the years, which is $52,000.

- Equipment is debited with its original cost, which is $80,000.

- Gain on Sale of Equipment is credited with the difference between the cash received and the net book value of the equipment. In this case, it is the residual value minus the accumulated depreciation: $15,000 - $52,000 = $3,000.

By recording these journal entries, we properly account for the partial year depreciation and the sale of the equipment on March 31, 2021.

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If the switching method is allowed, the optimal time to switch is at the end of year 4.Given:Cost of equipment = $30,000 Salvage value = $3,000 Useful life = 5 years Depreciation methods:

a) Straight-line method.b) Double-declining-balance method.c) Switching method

a) Straight-line method

Straight-line depreciation method is a method of depreciation where an equal amount of depreciation is charged in each year. The depreciation expense under the straight-line method is calculated using the following formula:Depreciation expense

= (Cost of the asset – Salvage value)/Useful life

= (30,000 - 3,000)/5

= $5,400 per year

.b) Double-declining-balance method

The double-declining-balance method of depreciation is a method of depreciation where the depreciation expense is calculated as a percentage of the book value of the asset. The percentage rate is double the rate used in the straight-line method. The formula for calculating depreciation expense under the double-declining-balance method is:

Depreciation expense = (Book value of the asset) x (2/Useful life)

For year 1:

Depreciation expense = (30,000 x 2/5) = $12,000

For year 2:Depreciation expense = (30,000 - 12,000) x 2/5

= $7,200

For year 3:Depreciation expense = (30,000 - 12,000 - 7,200) x 2/5

= $4,320

For year 4:Depreciation expense = (30,000 - 12,000 - 7,200 - 4,320) x 2/5 = $2,592

For year 5:Depreciation expense = (30,000 - 12,000 - 7,200 - 4,320 - 2,592) x 2/5 = $1,557.6

c) Switching method

Under the switching method, the company switches from the double-declining-balance method to the straight-line method of depreciation. The optimal time to switch is when the straight-line method gives a higher depreciation expense than the double-declining-balance method. The following table shows the depreciation expenses under both the methods:

Year  Depreciation expense (double-declining-balance)  Depreciation expense (straight-line)

1$12,000 $5,400

2$7,200 $5,400

3$4,320 $5,400

4$2,592  $5,400

5$1,557.6 $5,400

From the table, we can see that the optimal time to switch is at the end of year 4. At the end of year 4, the book value of the asset is $7,200, and the remaining useful life is 1 year. If the company switches to the straight-line method, the depreciation expense for year 5 would be:

$5,400 + [($7,200 - $3,000)/1] =$9,600

Therefore, the depreciation expenses for the 5-year life of the equipment under each of the methods of book depreciation are:

Straight-line method: $5,400 per yearDouble-declining-balance method: Year 1 - $12,000, Year 2 - $7,200, Year 3 - $4,320, Year 4 - $2,592, Year 5 - $1,557.

6If the switching method is allowed, the optimal time to switch is at the end of year 4.

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Theresa can expect to need $10,236.90 to pay for her 30-day vacation after a year.Theresa Nunn is planning a 30-day vacation on Pulau Penang, Malaysia, one year from now. The present charge for a luxury suite plus meals in Malaysian ringgit (RM) is RM1.043/day.

The Malaysian ringgit presently trades at RM3.1350/$. She determines that the dollar cost today for a 30-day stay would be $9,980.86. The hotel informs her that any increase in its room charges will be limited to any increase in the Malaysian cost of living.

Malaysian inflation is expected to be 2.7777% per annum, while U.S. inflation is expected to be 1.238%. Now, we need to find out how many dollars Theresa might expect to need one year hence to pay for her 30-day vacation.

Here, we need to calculate the future cost of a 30-day stay after a year, considering the cost of inflation.

The future cost of the stay after a year = Present cost of the stay * [(1 + rate of inflation in Malaysia) / (1 + rate of inflation in the US)]Or,  = $9,980.86 * [(1 + 0.027777) / (1 + 0.01238)] = $10,236.90.Therefore, Theresa can expect to need $10,236.90 to pay for her 30-day vacation after a year.

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Dymac Appliances is a company that employs a periodic inventory system. The company's inventory of appliances at the start of the year, the invoices for purchases made over the next twelve months, and the inventory count at the end of the year are all important details that have been presented.

These data are critical for calculating the cost of goods sold (COGS) and determining the company's gross profit, which are the two main objectives of accounting for inventory costs.The periodic inventory system is one of two inventory systems utilized by organizations.

This inventory system works by calculating the cost of goods sold (COGS) at the end of the accounting period based on the difference between the company's beginning inventory and ending inventory plus purchases made during the accounting period.

The COGS formula is: COGS = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory.To determine the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the periodic inventory system for Dymac Appliances, we need the following data:Beginning inventory at January 1 Purchases invoices during the next 12 months. Inventory count at December 31.

Firstly, we need to determine the cost of goods available for sale, which is the sum of the beginning inventory and the purchases made throughout the year.

Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning Inventory + PurchasesSecondly, the inventory count at the end of the year is subtracted from the cost of goods available for sale to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS). COGS = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending InventoryBy following the above formula, Dymac Appliances can calculate their cost of goods sold (COGS) and their gross profit, which is the difference between net sales and COGS.

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The price for Mobile Ltd. using the median forward P/E ratio is $36.33.

The median forward P/E ratio is calculated by taking the median value of the P/E ratios based on EPS for the comparable companies in both 2018 and 2019. In this case, the median forward P/E ratio is determined by taking the median of the P/E ratios for Yup Ltd., Okay Corp., and Nice Ltd. in 2019.

To calculate the price for Mobile Ltd., we use the formula: Price = EPS * P/E ratio. Given that the forecasted EPS for Mobile Ltd. in 2019 is 2.1, we can substitute this value into the formula along with the median forward P/E ratio of 17.3.

Price = 2.1 * 17.3 = $36.33

Therefore, the estimated price for Mobile Ltd. using the median forward P/E ratio is $36.33. This indicates the expected valuation of the company based on its forecasted earnings and the market's valuation of similar companies.

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The calculated percentage change of approximately 3.08% indicates the magnitude of the appreciation. It represents the percentage increase in the value of the NZD against the USD over the given period.

To calculate the USD:NZD rates for the given dates and determine whether the New Zealand dollar appreciated or depreciated against the US dollar, we can use the formula:

USD per NZD = 1 / NZD per USD

Calculation of USD:NZD rates:

On 6th March:

USD per NZD = 1 / 0.6526 = 1.5321 USD per NZD

On 20th March:

USD per NZD = 1 / 0.6332 = 1.5793 USD per NZD

Calculation of the change in value of the NZD against the USD:

Percentage change = ((New Value - Old Value) / Old Value) * 100

Percentage change = ((1.5793 - 1.5321) / 1.5321) * 100

Percentage change = (0.0472 / 1.5321) * 100

Percentage change ≈ 3.08%

The NZD appreciated against the USD over this period, as the value of the NZD per USD increased.

The exchange rate went from 1.5321 USD per NZD on 6th March to 1.5793 USD per NZD on 20th March.

This means that it took fewer US dollars to buy one New Zealand dollar on 20th March compared to 6th March.

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To determine the optimal production and sales quantities for Simple and Complex, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit for each product and consider the available plant capacity.

First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit for each product:

Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit

For Simple:

Contribution margin per unit = $47.00 - $42.00 = $5.00

For Complex:

Contribution margin per unit = $26.00 - $22.00 = $4.00

Next, we need to determine the production time for Simple relative to Complex. Since Simple takes 50% longer to manufacture, it will require 1.5 hours per unit, while Complex requires 1 hour per unit.

Given that there are 120,000 hours of plant capacity available, we can set up the following equations:

1.5x + y ≤ 120,000 (production time constraint)

x ≥ 0 (non-negativity constraint)

y ≥ 0 (non-negativity constraint)

Where x represents the number of units of Simple to produce and sell, and y represents the number of units of Complex to produce and sell.

To maximize profits, we need to maximize the total contribution margin, which can be expressed as:

Total contribution margin = 5x + 4y

Subject to the constraints mentioned above.

Using this information, we can solve the linear programming problem to find the optimal solution. However, based on the given information, we cannot determine the exact quantities of Simple and Complex that should be produced and sold without additional information or specific objectives (e.g., maximizing profits, maximizing revenue, etc.).

Therefore, the answer should be either C) either Simple or Complex; it does not matter, or there is insufficient information provided to determine the optimal production and sales quantities.

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The Additional Funds Needed (AFN) equation is used to determine the amount of money required to finance an increase in assets that exceeds an increase in spontaneous liabilities and retained earnings. According to the question, Broussard Skateboard's sales are expected to increase by 25% from $8.2 million in 2019 to $10.25 million in 2020.

Its assets totaled $4 million at the end of 2019, and Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales.Below is the given information,Current assets = $4,000,000Sales forecasted for the year 2020 = $10,250,000After-tax profit margin = 5%Payout ratio = 70%Current liabilities = $1,400,000This implies that the Total Assets for the year 2020 will be:

Total assets = (1 + increase in sales) x Current assets Total assets = (1 + 0.25) × $4,000,000Total assets = $5,000,000The spontaneous liabilities, in this case, will be: Spontaneous liabilities = Accounts payable + Notes payable + AccrualsSpontaneous liabilities = $450,000 + $500,000 + $450,000Spontaneous liabilities = $1,400,000

So, the amount of Additional Funds Needed (AFN) required to finance this growth is given by the AFN equation:AFN = (A*/S0)ΔS - (L*/S0)ΔS - MS1 (RR)AFN = ($5,000,000/$8,200,000)($10,250,000 - $8,200,000) - ($1,400,000/$8,200,000)($10,250,000 - $8,200,000) - (0.05)($10,250,000)(0.7)AFN = $2,087,805.4 - $340,243.9 - $358,750AFN = $1,388,811.5

Thus, the Additional Funds Needed (AFN) required to finance this growth is $1,388,811.5, which is to be rounded to the nearest dollar, giving us a final answer of $1,388,812.

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Whether the drastic measure Kublai Khan used to ensure that the currency circulated necessary is yes.  Kublai Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, took several drastic measures to ensure that the currency circulated, including creating paper currency and punishing anyone who refused to accept it.

Kublai Khan was concerned with maintaining political and economic control over the vast Mongol Empire. As a result, he recognized the importance of a strong and stable currency that could be used throughout the empire to facilitate trade and commerce. To address this issue, Kublai Khan developed a paper currency known as chao, which was backed by the government.

This paper currency was highly successful and became widely accepted throughout the Mongol Empire. In addition, Kublai Khan punished anyone who refused to accept the currency, which helped to ensure that it remained in circulation.Therefore, the drastic measure Kublai Khan used to ensure that the currency circulated was necessary. It allowed for the Mongol Empire to maintain political and economic control while also promoting trade and commerce within the empire.

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There will be a 3 % increase in bat production, as both species specialize in producing goods where they have a competitive advantage.

One baseball takes Pablo one hour to make, while one bat takes three hours to make. Therefore, if Pablo allocates 36 to both the manufacturing of baseballs and bats, the production of baseballs will equal 18/1=18 and that of bats will equal :

                                          =  18/3

                                             =6.

18 hours will be spent on bats and 18 hours on baseballs

                                     = 36/2

                                     = 18.

Micah will also produce 18/1 baseballs and 18/2 bats due to his ability to produce bats in just two hours.

Presently if both Pablo and Micah Represent considerable authority in the development of products in which they enjoy near benefit :

Now, if Micah spends all 36 hours making bats, the total number of bays produced will be :

                               36/2

                            =18, and

Pablo will make 36/1

                                 = 36 baseballs.

Prior creation of Bats was :

                                        =  6+9

                                             =15

( 6 bats were prior delivered by Pablo and 9 bats were before delivered by Micah) .

New creation of bats is 18 subsequently expansion in the development of bats is :

                                       =    18-15

                                              = 3.

Hence , There will be a 3 % increase in bat production, as both species specialize in producing goods where they have a competitive advantage.

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The total cost transferred to finished goods during June is calculated as follows:

Total Cost Transferred = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Overhead Applied

Job 102 = $17,000 + $5,000 + $1,308 = $23,308Job 103 = $49,000 + $28,300 + $24,707 = $102,007

Job 104 = $59,000 + $59,000 + $10,613 = $128,613.

Total = $253,928

Therefore, the total cost transferred to finished goods during June is $253,928.

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The expected value if the combined probability of O2 and 03 is twice that of 01, and that O2 has a probability that is 30% of that of O3's is approximately P154.06.

To calculate the expected value, we ought to multiply each result by its comparing probability and sum them up.  Let's express the probability of outcome 01 as outcome probability P(01), 02 as P(02), and the probability of result 03 as P(03).

Following are the given the information provided:

The combined probability of outcome 02 and outcome 03 is twice that of outcome 01: P(02) + P(03) = 2 × P(01)

The probability of outcome 02 is 30% of the probability of outcome 03: P(02) = 0.3 × P(03)

To find the individual probabilities, we can use these relationships: P(01) = x

P(02) = 0.3 × P(03) = 0.3 × (1 - x) (since P(03) + P(02) = 1)

Now let's set the conditions based on the expected value formula. 

The Expected Value of the given probability = (P(01) × PW(01)) + (P(02) × PW(02)) + (P(03) × PW(03))

By substituting the given PW values:

Expected Value = (x × 250) + (0.3 × (1 - x) × 300) + ((1 - x) × 0)

Simplifying the equation:

Expected Value = 250x + 90(1 - x)

To solve for x, we can use the information that the combined probability of outcome 02 and outcome 03 is twice that of outcome 01:

P(02) + P(03) = 2 × P(01)

0.3 × (1 - x) + (1 - x) = 2 × x

Simplifying and solving for x:

0.3 - 0.3x + 1 - x = 2x

1.3 - 1.3x = 2x

1.3 = 3.3x

x = 1.3 / 3.3

x ≈ 0.394

Now that we have the value of x, we can calculate the expected value:

Expected Value = 250x + 90(1 - x)

Expected Value = 250(0.394) + 90(1 - 0.394)

Expected Value ≈ 98.5 + 55.56

Expected Value ≈ 154.06

Therefore, the expected value is approximately P154.06.

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Yes, Katherine has legal rights under contract law to seek compensation for the damage caused to her white T-shirt.

When Katherine requested the cleaning of her white T-shirt from Honest Cleaning Limited, she had entered into a contract with the company. However, the contract has to be examined to determine if Honest Cleaning Limited has any liability for the damage caused to Katherine's white T-shirt, which occurred after she had paid for and entrusted it to Honest Cleaning Limited for cleaning. Katherine has some legal rights under contract law, which are as follows: Contract Terms- Katherine had requested Honest Cleaning Limited to clean her white T-shirt; thus, the company agreed to provide cleaning services, and Katherine paid the service fee.

Therefore, there is a contract between Katherine and Honest Cleaning Limited. The back of the receipt issued by the owner of Honest Cleaning Limited contains a clause limiting the company's responsibility for any loss or damage, including that caused by its employees' negligence. However, such a clause cannot be incorporated into a contract unless it is brought to the attention of the other party and accepted by them (Parker v South Eastern Railway Co (1877)). Hence, if Katherine was not made aware of this clause and did not agree to it, it cannot be included in the contract.

Conclusion- Katherine can claim compensation from Honest Cleaning Limited for the red dots on her white T-shirt since the company has breached its contractual obligations. Honest Cleaning Limited cannot rely on the clause at the back of the receipt to avoid liability since it is not reasonable and was not accepted by Katherine. Thus, Katherine has legal rights under contract law to seek compensation for the damage caused to her white T-shirt.

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