The MAP kinase pathway is activated by ligand binding to a transmembrane receptor, which switches Ras on via GEF (Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor) that counteracts GAP (GTPase Activating Protein) activity. Ras-GTP in turn activates the downstream signaling intermediates (kinases), which are activated by sequential phosphorylation. Which drug CANNOT be used to target cancer cells that have elevated receptor activation

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Inhibitor molecules that interfere with GAP activity

Explanation:

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a pathway composed of proteins that amplify and integrate signals from receptors localized on the surface of cells and trigger the transcription of specific genes in the nucleus of the cell. In eukaryotic organisms, the MAPK pathway is known to control critical cellular processes such as, for example, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, etc. RAS proteins are GTPases localized to the plasma membrane involved in MAPK signaling. Moreover, the GTPase activating proteins such as RasGAP (Ras GTPase activating protein) regulate Ras-GTP bound by promoting GTP hydrolysis. It has been shown that RasGAP expression is down-regulated in different types of cancer. In this regard, it has been proposed that the interference of GAP activity should result in an enhanced Ras protein activation in cancer cells, thereby initiating tumorigenesis by inducing, for example, uncontrolled cell proliferation.


Related Questions

Which cellular organelle is responsible for making proteins?

Answers

the cellular organelle that makes proteins is the ribosomes

Why do daughter cells have DNA that is identical to the parent cell? Explain your answer.

Answers

Mitosis is used to produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells. The cell copies its chromosomes, and then splits the copied chromosomes equally to make sure that each daughter cell has a full set.

The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of - (5.5)

A predation
B commensalism
C parasitism
D mutualism

Answers

D.mutualism,both parties benefit
the relationship is commensalism because the remora attaches onto the sharks underbelly and whatever the shark eats, the extra fallen pieces end up to the remora

how did 6pm sea level rise changes different regions of the world

Answers

Answer:

answer 3

Explanation:

because john said so

The F2 generations of dihybrid crosses of Labrador retrievers are expected to produce the recessive epistatic ratio of 9 black: 3 chocolate: 4 yellow dogs. A random sample of 80 dogs was taken from F2 crosses. What is the expected number of yellow labs in the sample and what number of degrees of freedom is needed for a chi-square test of recessive epistasis

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "2 and 15"

Explanation:

sample of the chocolate labs expected number =chocolate labs fraction [tex]\times[/tex] sample size

[tex]= (\frac{3}{16}) \times 80\\\\ = 15\\\\[/tex]  

The dof for recessive epistasis is = n-1, where

n =phenotypes

dof [tex]= 3-1 = 2[/tex]

Explain incomplete dominance, using snapdragon
flowers as an example.

Answers

Answer:

Dominant allele does not completely conceal recessive allele.

Snapdragon with genotype Rr (R being red and r being white), would have a phenotype of pink flowers.

Explanation:

Incomplete dominance is where a dominant allele is not able to completely conceal a recessive allele, usually leading to a phenotype which appears to be a combination of the two.

For example, in snapdragons:

The allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (r). Let's say a snapdragon flower had the genotype Rr, one allele for red flowers and one for white. In the case of 'normal' dominance the dominant red flower allele (R) would mask the effects of the recessive white flower allele (r), resulting in the phenotype (outward observable characteristics) of having red flowers.

However here in the case of incomplete dominance, the dominant allele would not be able to fully cover up the effects of the white flower allele, meaning that both colors (red and white) are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in pink flowers.

Hope this helped!

Answer:

Incomplete dominance is seen in offspring that have a third phenotype not seen in the parents. Snapdragons are an example. The third phenotype results when a snapdragon with the red pigment protein crosses with a snapdragon with a defective gene that produces no pigment, resulting in a white snapdragon. The offspring receive one allele from each parent, resulting in half the amount of pigmentation for red color being expressed. The offspring will be pink snapdragons instead of red or white.

Explanation:

Sample response :)

Our Respiratory system gets rid of Carbon Dioxide as a waste product. Carbon Dioxide is then taken in by plants for the process of _____

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\huge\mathcal\red{Answer...} \\ \\ \huge\mathsf\purple{photosynthesis \: } \\ \\ \huge\mathfrak\orange{hope \: it \: helps..}[/tex]

Answer:

(ノ≧∇≦)ノ

Our Respiratory system gets rid of Carbon Dioxide as a waste product. Carbon Dioxide is then taken in by plants for the process of

[tex]photosynthesis[/tex]

I hope it helps

have a nice day

#Captainpower

question on picture for biology

Answers

Answer:

because doctors can determine your family's risk from your ariments

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

First one I think

PLZZZ!!! I promise to give brainliest to whoever can help me T^T

3. What do fossils teach us?

4. are transition fossils important for proving evolution?

5. What can scientists assume about individuals with similar anatomy?

6. Compare and contrast homologous and analogous structures?

7. What do vestigial structures teach us?

8. What can scientists assume about species with similar embryos?

9. What is biogeography and why is it important for proving the theory of evolution?

10. Describe one area where microevolution can be observed today

Answers

Answers :
3. Fossils give us information about how animals and plants lived in the past. Some animals and plant are only known to us as fossils. By studying the fossil record we can tell how long life has existed on Earth, and how different plants and animals are related to each other.

4. Yes. As the theory states that organisms have gradually changed from one from to another form transitional fossils should be found that show evidence of the transitional forms of the organism. In using the fossil record to support the Darwinian theory of evolution finding these transitional fossils is important.

5. Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Similar body parts may be homologies or analogies. Both provide evidence for evolution.The structures are similar because they evolved to do the same job, not because they were inherited from a common ancestor.

6. Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm. These structures are not analogous. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous.

7. Structures that have lost their use through evolution are called vestigial structures. They provide evidence for evolution because they suggest that an organism changed from using the structure to not using the structure, or using it for a different purpose.

8. Evidence of an evolutionary common ancestor is seen in the similarity of embryos in markedly different species. Darwin used the science of embryology to support his conclusions. Embryos and the development of embryos of various species within a class are similar even if their adult forms look nothing alike.

9. Biogeography, the study of the geographical distribution of organisms, provides information about how and when species may have evolved. Fossils provide evidence of long-term evolutionary changes, documenting the past existence of species that are now extinct.

10. The process by which new species are produced from earlier species (speciation). It also involves processes leading to the extinction of species. ... Examples of macroevolution include: the origin of eukaryotic life forms; the origin of humans; the origin of eukaryotic cells; and extinction of the dinosaurs.

Hope I helped you! Good luck!

Why does jack’s mom say”a little birdie told me”?

A) she want to keep the informer’s name a secret.
B) she has a gift for communicating with animals.
C) she is hiding that she just guessed jack’s secret.
D) She has a spy planted at jack’a school to report to her.

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

"a little birdie told me" is a explanation of " i herd" or "i know"

What is a limiting factor??

Answers

Answer:

look below

Explanation:

A limiting factor is a variable of a system that causes a noticeable change in output or another measure of a type of system. The limiting factor is in a pyramid shape of organisms going up from the producers to consumers and so on. A factor not limiting over a certain domain of starting conditions may yet be limiting over another domain of starting conditions, including that of the factor.

Answer:

the factor that limits the reaction rate in any physiological process governed by many variables. 2 : the environmental factor that is of predominant importance in restricting the size of a population lack of winter browse is a limiting factor for many deer herds.

Explanation:

The mutation rate is the probability of a single gene mutating in an offspring bug.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

A mutation is any alteration in the genetic sequence of the genome of a particular organism. Mutations in the germline (i.e., gametes) can pass to the next generation, thereby these mutations can increase their frequency in the population if they are beneficial or 'adaptive' for the organism in the environment in which the organism lives (in this case, an insect/bug). The mutation rate can be defined as the probability of mutations in a single gene/locus/organism over time. Mutation rates are highly variable and they depend on the organism/cell that suffers the mutation (e.g., prokaryotic cells are more prone to suffer mutations compared to eukaryotic cells), type of mutations (e.g., point mutations, fragment deletions, etc), type of genetic sequence (e.g., mitochondrial DNA sequences are more prone to suffer mutations compared to nuclear DNA), type of cell (multicellular organisms), stage of development, etc. Thus, the mutation rate is the frequency by which a genetic sequence changes from the wild-type to a 'mutant' variant, which is often indicated as the number of mutations per round of replication, per gamete, per cell division, etc. In a single gene sequence, the mutation rate can be estimated as the number of de novo mutations per nucleotide per generation. For example, in humans, the mutation rate ranges from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁶ per gene per generation.

How does the population of red-tailed hawks affect the population of prairie dogs living in the meadow? How does the population of prairie dogs affect nonliving parts of the meadow, such as soil? Help, please.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Red tailed hawks will often prey on prairie dogs. The hawks will eat the prairies dogs so they will lessen the population. Prairies dogs create more fertile soil, so this allows plants to germinate, or grow. This results in more food for prairie dogs and thus more food for hawks.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

can be positive or negative

long-day plants
gibberellins
stimulus
cytokinins
day-neutral plants
photoperiodism
short-day plants
abscisic acid
tropism auxin
photosynthesis
respiration

Answers

respiration

photosynthesis

Where would you collect
data during an
experiment?

Answers

Answer:

Recall that data can be collected in two main ways: (1) through sample surveys or (2) through designed experiments. While sample surveys lead to observational studies, designed experiments enable researchers to control variables, leading to additional conclusions.

HELP PLEASEEE
According to the map, which oceans surround Antarctica? From what central point do international claims originate?

Answers

Answer:

The oceans that surround it are, the atlantic ocean, the indian ocean, the pacific ocean

Explanation:

An S-shaped pattern formed when a stream flows through channels is called

Answers

Answer:

meander

Explanation:

A meander is a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a stream/river/watercourse, thereby forming a rounded or "S"-shaped bend curve. Meanders are common in alluvial areas that have low gradients, where they are formed by the dynamics of the watercourse. The meander belt is the zone within which a meandering watercourse occupies on its floodplain. The sinuosity is a measure to calculate the degree of meandering in the channel of a watercourse.

Inhibitors of the electron transport chain exert their effects through a variety of mechanisms.

____________ blocks electron transport and proton pumping via inhibition of Complex IV.
____________ blocks electron transport and proton pumping via inhibition of Complex I.
____________ blocks electron transport and ATP synthesis by inhibiting the exchange of ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answers

Answer:

Azide and Carbon monoxide block electron transport and proton pumping via inhibition of Complex IV.

Rotenone blocks electron transport and proton pumping via inhibition of Complex I.

Atractyloside blocks electron transport and ATP synthesis by inhibiting the exchange of ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Explanation:

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is composed of different complexes integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane, which function to generate an electrochemical proton (H+ ions) gradient that is then used to drive the synthesis of ATP, the energy coin of the cell. The mitochondrial complex I catalyzes the electron transfer from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to ubiquinone and then transports H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, the mitochondrial complex IV, also known as Cytochrome c oxidase, receives electrons via the cytochrome pathway in order to complete the reduction of oxygen (O2) into two molecules of water (H2O). Azide is a selective inhibitor of the complex IV which acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor with regards to O2, while carbon monoxide (CO) binds to the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, thereby suppressing its activity and thus disturbing ATP synthesis. Rotenone is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I that inhibits electron transfer from the iron-sulfur centers in the complex I to ubiquinone, thereby blocking ATP synthesis. Finally, atractyloside is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the transport of ADP across the mitochondrial inner membrane by blocking the ADP/ATP translocator, thereby preventing ADP from entering mitochondria.

what are the tropical rainforest dominant plants

Answers

Answer:

Orchids, Queen’s Tears, Lilies, Poinciana, Torch Ginger, Heliconia and Bromeliads. Orchids. This type of rainforest flowers grows in humid environments such is the Amazon rainforest. This type of rainforest flower is most frequently found rainforest flower in tropical rainforests.

Explanation:

Which of the following conditions is an X-linked disorder?
A.
cystic fibrosis
B.
color blindness
C.
variegation
D.
Down syndrome
E.
sickle cell anemia

Answers

I think the answer is ethier d or e

Answer:

THE ANSWER IS B I THINK

Explanation:

RJEBEJRHRHRRHRH

Which two types of biotechnology share a common goal of producing future generations of a population that share a particular desired trait?

A.DNA Fingerprinting and gene cloning

B.bioremediation and reproductive cloning

C.Selective breeding and genetic engineering

D.gene therapy and yeast fermentation

Answers

Answer: B. Selective breeding and genetic engineering.

Explanation:

The goal of selective breeding is to produce organisms that have a disered trait through only breeding said specis with that traits. (for example, farming breeds animals that are better for food.)

The goal of genetic engineering is to take a trait from one organism and apply it to another. (For example, putting artic fish gentics into a tommat so that it won't freeze.)  

In conclusion, both of these processes serve the common goal of creating more disered organisms artifically.

Boron iodate reacts with Iron (Il) phosphide and produces Boron
phosphide and Iron (II) iodate:

11. Write and balance the given chemical reaction.

12. Identify the limiting reagent if 1.825 moles of Boron iodate reacts with 112.0
g Iron (II) phosphide

13. How much Iron (II) iodate is produced in mole?

14. What is the amount in grams of the excess reactants is expected to remain
after the reaction?

15. What is the actual yield of the reaction if the percentage yield is 72.659

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Answers

Answer:

will you msg me in I.nstagram

11. The balanced chemical reaction is:

2 B(IO₃)₃ + 3 Fe₃P → 2 BF₃ + 3 Fe(IO₃)₂

12.  In this case, the limiting reagent is the Iron (II) phosphide.

13. The amount of Iron (II) iodate produced is 1.825 moles.

14. The amount of excess Boron iodate remaining after the reaction is 0.265 moles.

15. The actual yield of the reaction is 132.1 g.

11. To write the balanced chemical reaction, we need to first determine the correct coefficients for each reactant and product. We can do this by balancing the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

12. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is used up first. In this case, the limiting reagent is the Iron (II) phosphide. This is because 112.0 g of Iron (II) phosphide is equivalent to 0.560 moles, which is less than the 1.825 moles of Boron iodate.

13. To calculate the amount of Iron (II) iodate produced, we need to multiply the number of moles of Boron iodate by the molar ratio between Boron iodate and Iron (II) iodate.

14. The amount of excess Boron iodate remaining after the reaction is 0.265 moles. This is because 1.825 moles of Boron iodate minus 0.560 moles of Iron (II) phosphide is equal to 0.265 moles.

The amount of excess Iron (II) phosphide remaining after the reaction is 56.0 g. This is because 0.560 moles of Iron (II) phosphide is equal to 56.0 g.

15. To calculate the actual yield of the reaction, we need to multiply the theoretical yield by the percentage yield.

The actual yield of the reaction is 132.1 g. This is because 1.825 moles of Boron iodate is equivalent to 132.1 g and the percentage yield is 72.659.

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why the initial cost of production of GMO is high

Answers

Explanation:

because it requires more scientific research than non-GMO

A subducting oceanic plate

a.
sinks into the mantle, forming a trench.

b.
moves horizontally in the opposite direction past the other plate.

c.
is pushed up and over the continental crust.

Answers

A sinks into the mantle, forming a trench! :)

The simplest nervous systems are called....

Answers

The simplest nervous systems are called [tex]\sf\purple{nerve \:nets}[/tex].

More:-This type of nervous system is found in [tex]\sf\red{hydras}[/tex] and [tex]\sf\blue{jellyfish}[/tex] (cnidarians).Nerve nets do not have a distinct central or peripheral regions, and lack anything that resembles a brain.

[tex]\circ \: \: { \underline{ \boxed{ \sf{ \color{green}{Happy\:learning.}}}}}∘[/tex]

Which term describes the position of a gene
on a chromosome?
A centromere
B genotype
C locus
D phenotype

Answers

Answer:
I think it’s B .

Explanation:

2. A hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation. It is an explanation of a single event
based upon what is observed. A hypothesis has not been proved but can be supported by
experimentation.
a) Suppose that out of 10 trees planted in a yard, only five survived. What kind of hypothesis
you make about this observation or event? Remember that a hypothesis needs to have a certain
format.

Answers

Answer:

the yard did not have enough nutrients to support all 10 trees that were planted

Explanation:




Let us check your knowledge with the previous lesson hazard and risk.
Direction: Read the statement properly and write the correct type of hazard in
the space provided.
1. Burn out, fatigue and verbal abuse from dissatisfied clients are result from being
exposed to ______________ hazard.
2. Caregivers who are sensitive to solutions may cause skin irritation, illness or breathing
problems because of ________________ hazard.
3. _____________________is the common occurrence in the workplace. It may result to
bone dislocation, bruises or fracture.
4. Exposure to blood or bodily fluids when changing diapers, performing first aid is
_____________________hazard.
5. _____________________ occur when a caregiver’s body position and working
conditions put pressure on his/her body

Answers

Answer:

1. Phychological

2. Dermatis

3. Dislocations

4. Biohazard or Biological Hazard

5.  Ergonomic hazard

Explanation:

1. Burn out, fatigue and verbal abuse from dissatisfied clients are result from being exposed to psychosocial hazard.

2. Caregivers who are sensitive to solutions may cause skin irritation, illness or breathing problems because of chemical hazard.

3. Physical hazard is the common occurrence in the workplace. It may result to bone dislocation, bruises or fracture.

4. Exposure to blood or bodily fluids when changing diapers, performing first aid is biological hazard.

5. Ergonomic hazard occur when a caregiver’s body position and working conditions put pressure on his/her body.

What do you mean by hazard?"A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone."The hazards can be categorized into 5 parts: biological, physical, chemical, psychosocial and ergonomic hazard.Biological hazards- caused due to microorganisms, body fluids, poor sanitation, etc.Physical hazard-cause due to working environment, using tools and machines, etc.Chemical hazard- caused due to chemicals.Psychosocial hazard-cause due to poor social context.Ergonomic hazard-cause due to poor working posture, stress, etc.

Hence, the answers are: 1.psychosocial, 2.chemical, 3.physical, 4.biological and 5.ergonomic hazard.

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Can some help me out

Answers

Answer:

movement of sister chromatids to opposites poles

What processes and what form is carbon released from all organisms?

Answers

Cellular respiration!!
Other Questions
Find the vertex of the parabola y = x2 - x + 5.Simplify both coordinates and write them as proper fractions, improper fractions, or integers. Consider a city whose streets are laid out as a grid. Streets run north-south or east-west. A visitor is dropped off by a cab at a certain intersection and would like to visit a museum that is 6 blocks to the east and 3 blocks to the north of his current location. The visitor always takes a direct path and never travels west or south in the course of his walk. How many distinct paths are there for the visitor to walk to the museum WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF AC? ROUND TO ONE DECIMAL PLACE. DONT HAVE TO SHOW WORK helpppp Which choice correctly describes this event? Every time I flip a coin / will get tails.A)CertainB)ImpossibleC)LikelyD)UnlikelyPlease help ASAP ill give BRAINLIEST The measurement of a central angle is =240 degrees. Find the measurement of in radians. In which case would you be entitled to a tax refund? a. 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Assume that the exchange lacks commercial substance. in what way are the digestive system and circulatory systems alikea:They both perform the same function.b: they are both structural systems.c:they are both transport systems.d:they both involve the same organs Create your own example of an ode which of these famous Renaissance paintings was redone in the mannerist styled by jacopo tintoretto? the birth of venus,The Last Supper,Mona Lisa,or the creation of Adam (PLEASE HELP ME!!!! THIS IS TIMED SO PLEASE HELP!!! I WILL MARK YOU BRAINIEST IF YOUR ANSWER IS CORRECT!!!!!) When rotated about its center, a regular nonagon has__ rotational symmetries. In addition to rotational symmetry, a regular nonagon has __ lines of reflectional symmetry. by Susan Hartley SwettWhen the scarlet cardinal tellsHer dream to the dragonfly,And the lazy breeze makes a nest in the trees,And murmurs a lullaby,It's July.When the tangled cobweb pullsThe cornflower's cap awry,And the lilies tall lean over the wallTo bow to the butterfly,It's July.When the heat like a mist veil floats,And poppies flame in the rye,And the silver note in the streamlet's throatHas softened almost to a sigh,It's July.When the hours are so still that timeForgets them, and lets them lieUnderneath petals pink till the night stars winkAt the sunset in the sky,It's July.Which statement best expresses the theme of "July"?Summer is a calm and peaceful time of year.Nature is cruel and cares not for human concerns.The slow pace of life in summer can be frustrating.People cannot comprehend the complexity of nature.Item 14Which sentence uses tumultuous correctly?After a tumultuous morning running errands, babysitting, and finishing her term paper, Olivia was looking forward to an afternoon at the spa.When I travel to the Rocky Mountains, all I want to do is sit and peacefully gaze at the tumultuous skyline.The tumultuous road zigged and zagged so much, Tom truly lost all sense of direction.Dad just endured a tumultuous root canal and returned home to hear you wrecked the car. What is one way the Industrial Revolution changed how people worked? Cause Effect led to O A. The cotton gin allowed farmers to grow more cotton. Slavery increased in the South , Cause Effect led to O B. The cotton gin created cotton that better resisted disease. Cotton farms spread from the South to other regions of the country. Cause Effect O c. led to The cotton gin increased the uses for cotton. The economy of the North improved Cause Effect led to O D. The cotton gin made the transport of cotton faster. Railroads were built in the West. Aunt Betty uses oranges and pineapples to make 12 pounds of fruit salad. If oranges weigh 0.5 pounds each and pineapples weigh 2 pounds each, and she uses 21 fruits in all, find the number of oranges and the number of pineapples she usesdefine variables and write two equations to model the situation described in the problem 69 to the power of 2 HELP PLEASE I BEGJuan had $19000 and chose to split the money into two different mutual funds. During the first year, Fund A earned 7% interest and Fund B earned 3% interest. If he received a total of $1042 in interest, how much had he invested into each account?Juan invested $_____ into Fund A.Juan invested $_____ into Fund B. Hey I need help, what is the area of this! Please help I have no clue which one it is :(