Answer: The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 did all of the following except
take over the EPA's authority to impose pollution control programs.
Answer:
The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 did all of the following except _take over the EPA's authority to impose pollution control programs[held on 1990]____.
A natural experiment is a chance occurrence that mimics a randomized controlled trial. In order to analyze causal effects from natural experiments, economists make use of a statistical method known as instrumental variables, in which one variable from a natural experiment is used as an instrument for a particular independent variable of interest. Assume the independent variable of interest is x1 and the dependent variable in a regression is y. Which of the following represent necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument?
a. The instrument has at least 200 observations
b. The instrument is correlated with
c. The instrument has a conditional mean of zero
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through
Answer: b. The instrument is correlated with x1.
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument include:
• The instrument is correlated with x1.
• The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.
Some of the criteria for an instrument variable are the fact that it should have a causal effect on independent variable and also the dependent variable isn't directly affected except through the independent variable which is x1 in this scenario.
Therefore, the correct option are B and D.
Mighty Safe Fire Alarm is currently buying 58,000 motherboards from MotherBoard, Inc., at a price of $63 per board. Mighty Safe is considering making its own boards. The costs to make the board are as follows: direct materials, $29 per unit; direct labor, $10 per unit; and variable factory overhead, $15 per unit. Fixed costs for the plant would increase by $81,000. Which option should be selected and why
Answer:
don't know need points cbmxbmdhdgsajgshkfkhdlhbxhndgkgk
TB MC Qu. 10-144 (Algo) Doogan Corporation makes a product ... Doogan Corporation makes a product with the following standard costs: Standard Quantity or Hours Standard Price or Rate Direct materials 2.0 grams $ 7.00 per gram Direct labor 0.8 hours $ 16.00 per hour Variable overhead 0.8 hours $ 4.00 per hour The company produced 4,400 units in January using 10,140 grams of direct material and 2,120 direct labor-hours. During the month, the company purchased 10,710 grams of the direct material at $7.40 per gram. The actual direct labor rate was $16.95 per hour and the actual variable overhead rate was $3.70 per hour. The company applies variable overhead on the basis of direct labor-hours. The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased. The materials quantity variance for January is:
Answer:
Material quantity variance = $9,380 adverse
Explanation:
A material usage variance occurs when the standard quantity required to active a particular level of production is higher or lower than than the actual actual quantity used. A favorable variance would mean than less quantity of materials were used than the standard to achieve a given output level. And an adverse variance would mean the opposite
We can calculate it as follows:
grams
4,400 units should have used (4,400× 2 grams) 8,800
but did use 10,140
1,340 adverse
standard price per g × $7______
Material quantity variance $ 9,380 adverse
Material quantity variance = $9,380 Adverse
Swifty Company has recorded the following items in its financial records. Cash in bank $47,300 Cash in plant expansion fund 102,000 Cash on hand 13,700 Highly liquid investments 36,000 Petty cash 530 Receivables from customers 96,600 Stock investments 63,500 The highly liquid investments had maturities of 3 months or less when they were purchased. The stock investments will be sold in the next 6 to 12 months. The plant expansion project will begin in 3 years. (a) What amount should Swifty report as "Cash and cash equivalents" on its balance sheet?
Answer:
$97,530
Explanation:
The computation of the cash & cash equivalent is shown below:
= Cash in Bank + Cash on Hand + Highly Liquid Investment + Petty Cash
= $47,300 + $13,700 + $36,000 + $530
= $97,530
We simply added the above four items so that the cash & cash equivalent could come
Therefore the amount that should be reported is $97,530
What is one of the best known functions of The Consumer Product Safety Commission?
O product recalls
O identity theft damage repair
O food safety
Ofree credit reports
Answer:
product recalls
Explanation:
Note, the Consumer Product Safety Commission is an agency that is concerned with consumer product safety in general regardless of whether they are food-related products or not.
Hence, this agency among its stated primary objectives on its official website includes carrying out product recalls where necessary.
TaskMaster Enterprises employs a standard cost system in which direct materials inventory is carried at standard cost. TaskMaster has established the following standards for the prime costs of one unit of product. Standard Standard Standard Quantity Price Cost Direct Materials 9 pounds $ 1.80 per pound $ 16.20 Direct Labor 0.25 hour $ 7.20 per hour 1.80 $ 18.00 During November, TaskMaster purchased 198,000 pounds of direct materials at a total cost of $376,200. The total factory wages for November were $46,000, 90% of which were for direct labor. TaskMaster manufactured 21,000 units of product during November using 170,000 pounds of direct materials and 6,000 direct labor hours. What is the direct labor efficiency variance for November
Answer:
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $5,400 unfavorable
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Standard= Direct Labor 0.25 hour $ 7.20 per hour
Actual= 6,000 hours
Number of units= 21,000
To calculate the direct labor efficiency variance, we need to use the following formula:
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (21,000*0.25 - 6,000)*7.2
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (5,250 - 6,000)*7.2
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $5,400 unfavorable
In mid-2019, an article in the Wall Street Journal quoted an investment analyst as stating that "heightened expectations of a [federal funds] rate cut may now force the Fed to act sooner than intended to avoid disappointing the market and driving up stocks' volatility over the summer." Source: Jessica Menton and Nathan Allen, "U.S. Stocks Edge Lower, Extending Losses," Wall Street Journal, June 12, 2019. Is avoiding volatility part of the Fed's dual mandate?
Answer: B. No, this is not part of the Fed's dual mandate of price stability and high employment.
Explanation:
For any economy to grow there needs to be price stability in the economy as it helps investors plan their future spending amongst other things. This is why the Fed has the mandate to keep prices stable.
The Fed however, does not have to maintain the stability of prices in the stock market which can be a very volatile market where the volatility is one of the very ways to make gains.
Reform Traders current net operating income is $16,800 and its average operating assets are $90,000. The company's required rate of return is 15%. A new project being considered would require an investment of $28,000 and would generate annual net operating income of $3,100. What is the residual income of the new project
Answer:
- $4,200
Explanation:
residual income = net operating income - cost of investment
therefore
residual income = $3,100 - $28,000 x 15%
= - $4,200
The residual income of the new project is - $4,200
Your financial investments consist of U.S. government bonds maturing in twenty years and shares in a start-up internet company. If interest rates on newly-issued government bonds increase, then the price of your bonds will _____ and the price of the shares you own will _____.
Answer:
Decrease, Decrease
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about my financial investments which consist of U.S. government bonds maturing in twenty years and shares in a start-up internet company. In the case whereby the interest rates on newly-issued government bonds increase, then the price of my bonds will decrease and the price of the shares you own will decrease. Financial investment can be regarded as asset which one put money on hoping that there will be growth of the asset and the asset will appreciate to sum of money larger than the asset. Bond is an example of this, a bond can be explained as fixed income instrument which is a representation of a loan that is set up by an investor given out to a borrower. This borrower could be governmental or Corporate.
The Owners of bonds could be
debtholders as well as creditors of the firm that issue it i.e the issuer. Details of bonds is " end date"
Every good speaker adapts to the audience. When adapting presentations for intercultural audiences, most people understand that they must make the basic language adaptations; however, more fundamental sensitivity is sometimes needed in relation to organization, speaking conventions, values, and nonverbal communication. When addressing cross-cultural audiences:__________.
a. use first names
b. anticipate differing expectations
c. deliver your main point first
What should you do when adjusting multimedia slides to intercultural audiences?
a. Progress through your slides rapidly.
b. Use a little more text than usual in your slides.
c. Put very little information in your slides.
Answer: 1. anticipate differing expectations
2. Use a little more text than usual in your slides.
Explanation:
1. Based on the fact that the presentation is for intercultural audiences, it is important for the speaker to anticipate differing expectations. The audience have different values, languages etc and their opinions and expectations may be quite different.
2. During the adjustment of multimedia slides to intercultural audiences, it's important to use a little more text than usual in your slides. This is vital so that the audience can comprehend the message that's being passed across. Progressing through the slides rapidly isn't ideal and there should be detailed information in the slides.
The following information is available for a company's utility cost for operating its machines over the last four months. Month Machine hours Utility cost January 940 $ 5,490 February 1,840 $ 6,980 March 2,480 $ 8,100 April 640 $ 3,900 Using the high-low method, the estimated variable cost per machine hour for utilities is:
Answer:
Variable cost per unit= $2.28
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
January 940 $ 5,490
February 1,840 $ 6,980
March 2,480 $ 8,100
April 640 $ 3,900
To calculate the variable cost per machine hour under the high-low method, we need to use the following formula:
Variable cost per unit= (Highest activity cost - Lowest activity cost)/ (Highest activity units - Lowest activity units)
Variable cost per unit= (8,100 - 3,900) / (2,480 - 640)
Variable cost per unit= $2.28
Your firm needs a computerized machine tool lathe which costs $51,000 and requires $12,100 in maintenance for each year of its 3-year life. After three years, this machine will be replaced. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class life category. Assume a tax rate of 34 percent and a discount rate of 11 percent. If the lathe can be sold for $5,100 at the end of year 3, what is the after-tax salvage value
Answer:
$4,650.89
Explanation:
Year Depreciation rate Depreciation Book Value
(51000*Rate)
1 33.33% $16,998.30 $34,001.70
2 44.45% $22,669.50 $11,332.20
3 14.81% $7,553.10 $3,779.10
4 7.41% $3,779.10
100% $51,000
Sale Value $5,100
Book Value at end of 3 years $3,779.10
Net Gain on Sale $1,320.90
Tax On Gain = $1320.90*0.34
Tax On Gain = $449.11
After-tax salvage value = $5100 - $449.11
After-tax salvage value = $4,650.89
what are the Computer Design problems and their solutions?
Given the following information, calculate the debt coverage ratio for this investment. Potential gross income: $120,000, Vacancy rate: 9%, Net operating income: $57,900, Operating expenses: $51,300, Acquisition Price: $520,000, Debt service: $40,000.
Answer:
the debt coverage ratio is 1.4475 times
Explanation:
The computation of the debt coverage ratio is shown below;
The Debt coverage ratio for investment is
= net operating income ÷ Total debt
= $57,900 ÷ $40,000
= 1.4475 times
BY dividing the net operating income by the total debt we can get the debt coverage ratio
hence, the debt coverage ratio is 1.4475 times
As a result of recent downsizing at his firm, Dominic lost his job as an IT manager for a large telecommunications company. A true, self-confirmed computer nerd, Dominic knew that several of his past contacts often outsourced their computer problems. He decided it was a good time to test the waters and see if he could secure enough computer clients to be in business for himself. His success demonstrated that
Answer:
The responses to the given question can be defined as follows:
Explanation:
Dominic quit his position as an IT manager for the largest telecommunication company despite a brief downsizing in her corporation. A genuine, self-confirmed nerd of a machine, Dominic realized that several of his past connections often subcontracted problems. He decided to try out all the water to find out whether he could secure and/or computer clients to be in the company. His performance has shown that effective major firms also generate lucrative support for young businesses. He could consider outsourcing jobs from large companies. It shows that big companies are supplying the small company with jobs, that's why the correct choice is "successful big businesses often create profitable opportunities for small businesses".
Marian Corporation has two separate divisions that operate as profit centers. The following information is available for the most recent year: Black Division Navy Division Sales (net) $ 1,000,000 $ 370,000 Salary expense 25,000 45,000 Cost of goods sold 120,000 156,000 The Black Division occupies 18,000 square feet in the plant. The Navy Division occupies 27,000 square feet. Rent is an indirect expense and is allocated based on square footage. Rent expense for the year was $45,000. Compute departmental income for the Black and Navy Divisions, respectively. (Do not round your intermediate computations)
The rate established at the beginning of a period that uses estimated overhead and an allocation factor such as estimated direct labor, and that is used to assign overhead cost to jobs, is the: Multiple Choice Predetermined overhead rate. Overhead variance rate. Estimated labor cost rate. Chargeable overhead rate. Miscellaneous overhead rate.
Answer:
Predetermined overhead rate
Explanation:
The predetermined overhead rate is the rate that is computed by taking the estimated manufacturing overhead and the same would be divided by allocation factor that could be estimated direct labor, estimated direct hours, etc in order to assign the overhead cost
So according to the given situation, the first option is correct i.e. predetermined overhead rate
When amortizing the discount on bonds payable, the amount of interest expense reported on the income statement will always be less than cash paid for interest. True or false?
Kierofree Air Tours has the following payroll data for its November 5 pay date:
Nov 5 Wages and salaries expense 522 $199,023.00
Federal withholding tax payable 220 $33,833.91
Social Security tax payable 221 11,442.35
Medicare tax payable 222 2,676.03
401(k) contributions payable 223 6,965.81
Health Insurance payable 224 14,468.97
Union Dues payable 227 4,975.58
Wages and salaries payable 226 ???
How much is the net pay?
a) $199,023.00
b) $185,216.26
c) $142,578.94
d) $124,660.35
Answer:
a probably as far as I can solve
On the statement of cash flows prepared by the indirect method, a $50,000 gain on the sale of investments would be: Group of answer choices added to dividends declared in converting the dividends declared to the cash flows from financing activities related to dividends. added to net income in converting the net income reported on the income statement to cash flows from operating activities. deducted from net income in converting the net income reported on the income statement to cash flows from operating activities. deducted from dividends declared in converting the dividends declared to the cash flows from financing activities related to dividends.
Answer: deducted from net income in converting the net income reported on the income statement to cash flows from operating activities.
Explanation:
Cashflows relating to investments that a company has should go to the Investing section of the cashflow statement. This includes proceeds from their sale.
The gain on sales however, is included in the calculation of net income and net income goes to the operating section of the cashflow statement. When putting the total sales proceeds for the asset in the investing section therefore, the gain must be subtracted from the net income in order to avoid double counting as it is already included in the full sales proceeds going to the Investing section.
A good example of backward vertical integration is a: A. global public accounting firm acquiring a small local or regional public accounting firm. B. hospital opening up a nursing home for the aged. C. large supermarket chain getting into convenience food stores. D. railroad company acquiring a trucking company specializing in long-haul freight. E. crude oil refinery purchasing a firm engaged in drilling and exploring for oil.
Answer: E. crude oil refinery purchasing a firm engaged in drilling and exploring for oil.
Explanation:
Backward integration occurs when Company A acquires Company B because Company B produces the inputs that goes into the manufacturing of the goods produced by Company A.
In the scenario in option E, a crude oil refinery produces goods such as gasoline and other types of fuel but they do this by refining crude oil which is what the firm that they purchased is engaged in acquiring. This is therefore backward integration.
Maxim manufactures a hamster food product called Green Health. Maxim currently has 11,500 bags of Green Health on hand. The variable production costs per bag are $2.10 and total fixed costs are $13,000. The hamster food can be sold as it is for $10.00 per bag or be processed further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe at an additional cost. The additional processing will yield 11,500 bags of Premium Green and 3,300 bags of Green Deluxe, which can be sold for $9 and $7 per bag, respectively. Assuming Maxim further processes Green Health further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe, revenue from the two products would be:
Answer:
$126,600
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what the revenue from the two products would be:
Venue if processed further:
Premium Green (11,500 bags * $9 per bag) $ 103,500
Green Deluxe (3,300 bags * $7 per bag) $23,100
Total revenue if processed further $ 126,600
($103,500+$23,100)
Therefore Assuming Maxim further processes Green Health further into Premium Green and Green Deluxe, revenue from the two products would be:$126,600
Suppose you can only invest in the stock markets of two countries: US and China. The US has an expected return of 5.0% and a standard deviation of 15.0%. China has an expected return of 7.0% and a standard deviation of 22.0%. The correlation between the returns in the two markets is 0.3. The risk-free rate is 3.0%. What is the maximum Sharpe ratio you can obtain (rounded to the nearest 0.001)
Answer:
The maximum Sharpe ratio you can obtain is 0.182.
Explanation:
Sharpe ratio = (Stock's expected return - Risk-free rate) / Standard Deviation …………… (1)
Therefore, we have:
Sharpe ratio of the US stock market = (5.0% - 3.0%) / 15.0% = 0.133
Sharpe ratio of China stock market = (7.0% - 3.0%) / 22.0% = 0.182
Since you can only invest in the stock markets of US and China, and the Sharpe ratio of China stock market of 0.182 is greater than the Sharpe ratio of the stock market of 0.133, this implies that the maximum Sharpe ratio you can obtain is 0.182.
When Argentina fixed the exchange rate of their peso to the U.S. dollar, one outcome was: Group of answer choices Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC. Argentinean central bankers regained control of their domestic interest rate. Argentinean central bankers were finally able to focus their attention on domestic monetary policy. Argentineans began using the U.S. dollar for all of their transactions.
Answer: Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
Explanation:
The Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC) is a committee of the Federal Reserve which influences the interest rate in the country by engaging in Open Market Operations (OMO). In doing so, they also influence the value of the dollar which is the currency of the U.S.
By pegging the Argentine Peso to the U.S. dollar, the Argentines effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC because the FOMC in deciding the interest rate for the U.S. and therefore the dollar, will be deciding for any other currency that moves exactly as the dollar does which is what the Peso is now going to do.
The outcome was that Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
The Federal Open Market Committee is a committee of the Federal Reserve which influences the interest rate in the country by engaging in Open Market Operations (OMO).
Now, by pegging the Argentine Peso to the U.S. dollar, the Argentines will effectively gave control of their interest rate to the Federal Open Market Committee for interest rate decision, therefore, will be deciding for any other currency that moves exactly as the dollar does.Hence, the Option A is correct because the outcome was that Argentinean central bankers effectively gave control of their domestic interest rate to the FOMC.
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Vextra Corporation is considering the purchase of new equipment costing $35,000. The projected annual cash inflow is $11,000, to be received at the end of each year. The machine has a useful life of 4 years and no salvage value. Vextra requires a 12% return on its investments. The present value of an annuity of $1 for different periods follows: Periods 12% 1 0.8929 2 1.6901 3 2.4018 4 3.0373 Compute the net present value of this investment.
Answer:
$-1589.16
Explanation:
Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
Cash flow in year 0 = $-35,000.
Cash flow in year 1 to 4 = $11,000
I = 12%
NPV = $-1589.16
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
Neumann Corporation issues convertible preferred stock that is mandatorily redeemable five years from the date of issuance. During the last two years that the preferred shares are outstanding, investors may convert each one share of preferred stock to two shares of common stock. Prior to conversion or redemption, the preferred shares should be classified on the balance sheet as:
Answer:
Equity
Explanation:
The preferred shares should be classified on the balance sheet as equity. Equity is the residue after Liabilities are deducted from the Assets. They also represents owners investments in the company.
The preferred shares should be recorded as equity on the balance sheet. After Liabilities are subtracted from Assets, Equity is the remaining amount. They also symbolize the company's investments by its owners.
About Equity:
The worth of a company's own shares is referred to as equity. This is most commonly used in the context of a company's balance sheet, and its valuation is determined by a precise computation. More exactly, equity is a company's total, liquid value less any outstanding loans or liabilities. Understanding what this term signifies is critical to comprehending a company's finances.
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Steps in the Accounting Cycle Listed below, out of order, are the steps in an accounting cycle.
1. Prepare the unadjusted trial balance.
2. Post journal entries to general ledger accounts.
3. Analyze transactions from source documents.
4. Journalize and post adjusting entries.
5. Prepare the financial statements.
6. Record transactions in a journal.
7. Prepare the post-closing trial balance.
8. Prepare the adjusted trial balance.
9. Journalize and post closing entries.
(a) Place the numbers from the above list in the order in which the steps in the accounting cycle are performed.
3, 6, 2, 1, 4, 8, 5, 9, 7
2, 3, 6, 1, 4, 8, 5, 9, & 7
3, 6, 2, 1,4,8,5,7, & 9
6, 3, 2, 1, 4, 8, 5, 9, & 7
(b) identify the steps in the accounting cycle that occur daily.
1, 2, 3, & 6
2, 3, & 4
1, 2, 3, 4,&6
2, 3, & 6
Answer:
Steps in the Accounting Cycle
a) The order in which the steps in the accounting cycle are performed is:
3, 6, 2, 1, 4, 8, 5, 9, 7
b) The steps in the accounting cycle that occur daily are:
2, 3, & 6
Explanation:
The correct ordered steps in the account cycle are:
3. Analyze transactions from source documents.
6. Record transactions in a journal.
2. Post journal entries to general ledger accounts.
1. Prepare the unadjusted trial balance.
4. Journalize and post adjusting entries.
8. Prepare the adjusted trial balance.
5. Prepare the financial statements.
9. Journalize and post closing entries.
7. Prepare the post-closing trial balance.
Hetrick Dentistry Services operates in a large metropolitan area. Currently, Hetrick has its own dental laboratory to produce porcelain and gold crowns. The unit costs to produce the crowns are as follows:
Porcelain Gold
Raw materials $70 $130
Direct labor 27 27
Variable overhead 8 8
Fixed overhead 22 22
Total $127 $187
Fixed overhead is detailed as follows:
Salary (supervisor) $26,000
Depreciation 5,000
Rent (lab facility) 32,000
Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. These rates were computed by using 5,500 direct labor hours. A local dental laboratory has offered to supply Hetrick all the crowns it needs. Its price is $125 for porcelain crowns and$150 for gold crowns; however, the offer is conditional on supplying both types of crowns—it will not supply just one
type for the price indicated. If the offer is accepted, the equipment used by Hetrick's laboratory would be scrapped (it i!
old and has no market value), and the lab facility would be closed. Hetrick uses 2,000 porcelain crowns and 600 gold crowns per year.
Required:
Conceptual Connection: Should Hetrick continue to make its own crowns, or should they be purchased from the external supplier?
Answer:
Hetrick Dentistry Services
Hetrick should buy the crowns from the external supplier.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Porcelain Gold
Raw materials $70 $130
Direct labor 27 27
Variable overhead 8 8
Fixed overhead 22 22
Total $127 $187
Variable costs $125 $165
Supplier's prices $125 $150
Savings (outside purchase) $0 $15
Savings from buying from outside supplier = $9,000 ($165 - 150) * 600)
Fixed overhead is detailed as follows:
Salary (supervisor) $26,000
Depreciation 5,000
Rent (lab facility) 32,000
Total fixed overhead $63,000
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Consider the following scenarios.
a. Scenario one has two options available.
Option A: There is a 50% chance of winning $1,000 and a 50% chance of winning $0.
Option B: There is a 100% chance of receiving $500.
A risk-averse person (Click to select) will choose option A will choose option B will be indifferent between options A and B might choose option A or might choose option B .
b. Scenario two has two different options available.
Option C: There is a 40% chance of winning $90 and a 60% chance of winning $110.
Option D: There is a 100% chance of winning $90.
A risk-averse person (Click to select) will choose option C will choose option D will be indifferent between options C and D might choose option C or might choose option D .
c. Scenario three has two more options available.
Option E: There is a 50% chance of winning $0 and a 50% chance of winning $100.
Option F: There is a 50% chance of winning $20 and a 50% chance of winning $60.
A risk-averse person (Click to select) will choose option E will choose option F will be indifferent between options E and F might choose option E or might choose option F .
Answer:
Scenario 1: A risk-averse person will choose option B.
Scenario 2: A risk-averse person will choose option D.
Scenario 3: A risk-averse person will choose option F.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Scenario 1:
Option A Winning Expected
Probability Value
50% $1,000 $500
50% 0 0
Total winning = $500
Option B Winning Expected
Probability Value
100% $500 $500
0% 0
Total winning = $500
Scenario 2:
Option C Winning Expected
Probability Value
40% $90 $36
60% 110 66
Total winning = $102
Option D Winning Expected
Probability Value
100% $90 $90
Scenario 3:
Option E Winning Expected
Probability Value
50% $0 $0
50% 100 50
Total winning = $50
Option F Winning Expected
Probability Value
50% $20 $10
50% 60 30
Total winning = $40
b) The risk-averse person tries to avoid risks at all times. Her choice of investment favors an option that has a 100% probability of winning, thereby eliminating risks in all ramifications. This is why she is never indifferent between two options as she factors in the probability of losing.