should citizens be required to be involved in the responsibilities of citizenship?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

All Americans have the following five obligations, whether we remember it or not:

Respect the Rights, Beliefs and Opinions of Others: ...

Stay Informed of the Issues That Affect Your Community: ...

Serve in a Jury When Called Upon: ...

Participate in the Democratic Process: ...

Defend the Country, if Need Should Arise:


Related Questions

Who can decontrol CUI?
A. OCA, if in a Security Classification Guide

B. Designated office for decontrolling

C. All of the above - Correct Answer

Answers

OCA, if in a Security Classification Guide and designated office for decontrolling can decontrol CUI. Hence, option (c) can be regarded as relevant.

Give a brief account on Controlled Unclassified Information.

"Controlled Unclassified Information" is a category of unclassified information used by the U.S. Federal Government (CUI). The CUI program was established by President Obama's Executive Order 13556 in order to simplify information sharing and protection. The National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) Executive Agent (EA), the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO), is in charge of overseeing the CUI program. The ISOO keeps a close eye on how the executive branch agencies use the CUI program. In place of agency-specific designations like "For Official Use Only," "Sensitive But Unclassified," and "Law Enforcement Sensitive," CUI will be used for new material. Some past labels on data will also make it into the CUI category.

To know more about, Controlled Unclassified Information, visit :

https://brainly.com/question/29662341

#SPJ1

professor borgen emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of negative thoughts about the self, rejection from others, and an imbalance in brain chemistry. the professor's emphasis best illustrates

Answers

Professor McIntosh highlights that rejection from others and self-focused rumination are two interactive forces that frequently play a role in depression.

What is meant by depression?

Depression is a prevalent mental illness. According to estimates, the condition affects 5% of adults worldwide. Consistent sorrow as well as a lack of enthusiasm in formerly fulfilling or joyful activities are its defining traits. Additionally, it may impair appetite and sleep. Concentration problems and fatigue are frequent.

What transpires throughout a depression?

For the majority of two weeks, moods and/or interest (pleasure) is diminished in serious depression. Self-esteem is typically preserved during mourning. Feelings of inadequacy and self-hatred are frequent in serious depression.

To know more about depression visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28810167

#SPJ4

What are push factors examples?

Answers

Poverty, population growth, and a lack of employment are all economic immigration push factors. Throughout the 1800s, these ailments were common throughout Europe. As a result, many Germans, Irish, and Italians made the decision to move to the United States.

What is the population?

A population is a complete set of a group of individualists, whether that group constitutes a nation or a group of groupings with a common characteristic. In data point, a population is the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study. As we see, different countries have different populations.

While pull forces entice migrants to new locations, push factors to motivate people to leave their places of origin and settle elsewhere. For instance, a lot of jobs are a strong pull factor while high unemployment is frequently a push factor.

Therefore, Economic immigration push factors include unemployment, population growth, and poverty.

Learn more about populations here:

https://brainly.com/question/27991860

#SPJ4

How do you prove you cant do sedentary work?

Answers

You can prove that you cannot do sedentary work if you can demonstrate that you cannot sit for long hours i.e. exceeding 2 hours or carry weights upto 10 pounds.

According to the Social Security Administration (SSA) sedentary work involves all those jobs that are usually done seated. It may also include standing and walking for a time period of 2 hours or less everyday. These positions require lifting objects less than 10 pounds and sometimes carrying light objects.

It's important to note that sedentary labour does not always include sitting still all day. A person performing sedentary employment normally has to be able to stand up lift, carry, move light weight objects.

This is a distinction that must be borne in mind while proceeding with the application for disability compensation.

To know more about sedentary work

https://brainly.com/question/1288685?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

FILL IN THE BLANK. a ____________ is a group of people born at the same time.

Answers

Answer:

cohort

Explanation:

Cohort is a group of organisms born at the same time period.

hope this helps. pls mark BRAINLIEST

What are the 5 most popular cultures?

Answers

Italy, France, Spain, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK) are the most popular cultures of the world.

What in culture is the most significant?

One of the most crucial aspects of every civilization is language. It is how individuals interact with one another, form bonds with one another, and foster a feeling of community. Currently, there are about 6,500 spoken languages worldwide, and each is distinctive in a number of ways. The symbols that are used to represent aspects of life including significant life stages, relationships, position and power, accomplishment, group identification, and the meaning of life and death come from culture. A collection of views about how the world should be organized and how social interactions should proceed are communicated through culture.

To know more about culture visit:

brainly.com/question/12718739

#SPJ4

Why did the Gulliver shout so loudly?

Answers

Gulliver can see another creature in the field. There are seven other giants laboring in the fields with him as farmers. They appear to Gulliver as monsters, which leads him to get scared and yell.

Who was Gulliver?

Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels, published in 1726, features a fictional Lemuel Gulliver as both the main character and the narrator.

The Gulliver family, however, is believed to have originated in Oxfordshire.

In Swift's book, Gulliver is reported to have been born around 1661 in Nottinghamshire, where his father owned a modest estate.

Another monster is visible to Gulliver in the field.

He is a farmer, and there are seven other giants like him who are also working in the fields. Gulliver perceives them as monsters, which causes him to get alarmed and shout.

Therefore, Gulliver can see another creature in the field. There are seven other giants laboring in the fields with him as farmers. They appear to Gulliver as monsters, which leads him to get scared and yell.

Know more about Gulliver here:

brainly.com/question/27880055

#SPJ4

Describe the similarities and differences between Dominant Culture, Subculture, and Counterculture

Answers

They are both capable of being a culture within a culture. A subculture is a smaller culture that exists within a larger culture but fit within the dominant culture, where as a counterculture is an opposition to the norms of society and contradict the dominant culture and norms.

initial signs of sexual arousal are seen during the question 30 options: a) refractory phase for men and during the plateau phase for women. b) excitement phase for both men and women. c) excitement phase for men and during the plateau phase for women. d) refractory phase for both men and women.

Answers

(Option B) excitement phase for both men and women.

The excitement phase is the first stage of sexual arousal for both men and women, which is characterized by increased heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to the genital area.

The Excitement Phase: The Initial Stage of Sexual Arousal

The excitement phase is the very first stage of sexual arousal for both men and women. During this stage, various physiological responses occur, including:

An increase in heart rate,Breathing,Blood flow to the genital area.

Additionally, there may be a psychological response during this stage as well, such as heightened sexual desire, fantasies, and expectations. This can lead to a feeling of euphoria and anticipation of sexual pleasure. During the excitement phase, the body begins to prepare for sexual activity, and the individual may experience physical changes, such as erections, lubrication, and nipple erection.

Learn more about sexual arrousal: https://brainly.com/question/13909162

#SPJ4

What does it mean if a good has inelastic demand provide an example of an inelastic good?

Answers

Products and services have inelastic demand when the change in quantity demanded is small when there is a change in price. This is also known as "price inelasticity of demand." Gasoline is an inelastic demand example, because the amount people buy remains roughly the same, even when prices increase.

Is clover a boy or girl in Animal Farm?

Answers

Clover. Boxer's close companion and a kind-hearted female cart horse. Clover frequently believes the pigs have broken one or more of the Ten Commandments, but she keeps blaming herself for forgetting them.

In Animal Farm, is Clover a boy?

Horse named Clover is Boxer's friend. A motherly mare approaching middle age who never completely regained her figure after giving birth to her fourth foal, she is described as being stout and motherly. She takes care of the ducklings whose mother was killed during the encounter with Old Major because she is the most maternal of all the animals.

In Animal Farm, what gender is clover?

horse woman

Animal Farm's Clover is one of its characters. She is a kind-hearted female horse and Boxer's close pal.

To know more about Clover visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29760197

#SPJ4

how can lack of clean access to water affect educational improvement in a region?

Answers

Lack of clean water can affect the educational improvement in many ways as health is considered as basic part of our life and if someone is ill because of unhygienic water then how can he or study ?

Lack of clean water lead to many health issues such as diarrhea, stomach infection, Jaundice and many more . If students are not healthy  they can't study well

What do you think would be some of the challenges in collecting and preserving impressions? why?

Answers

I believe that one of the difficulties in gathering and storing impressions is that you have to be extremely careful and use the right procedures because if you don't do it properly, you could miss something or put something in the wrong place.

What is preservation of impression?

Making imprints of Aegean seals/sealings is most frequently done with plasticine. It is the simplest and quickest material to use, and when the right plasticine is used, its impressions accurately recreate the seal's face.

The substance is far less durable than either silicone or gypsum, and its durability is only good for a few decades at most. Unfortunately, only a very tiny percentage of the pieces have reached the end of their lifespan because they dried out and split into two or three pieces recently.

Learn more about preservation of impression, from:

brainly.com/question/251087

#SPJ1

What cultures respect teachers the most?

Answers

The cultures that respect teachers the most are the culture around China and Ghana.

The cultures that are around China have a great respect for teachers and teaching. They consider teaching as the most important value and every person should be well educated so that they can respect each other. The profession of teaching is a very highly respectable profession for them because the teachers help the students to get knowledge on all important subjects. The cultures around Ghana value teaching very much as these people come from a backward background and learning and gathering knowledge has helped them to overcome their difficulties very much so they have a sense of respect for teachers.

Learn more about teaching at:

brainly.com/question/14591988

#SPJ4

Is it not possible to take a step further towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man?

Answers

According to Henry David Thoreau a really free and enlightened State cannot exist until it learns to treat each person as the higher, independent power that all of its own authority and power originate from.

What civil disobedience did Henry David Thoreau commit?

Civil disobedience was popularized by Henry David Thoreau, who is largely regarded as its inventor. Due to his opposition to the practice of slavery, the eradication of Native Americans, and the conflict with Mexico, Thoreau for many years refused to pay his state poll tax. New England transcendentalism is a literary and philosophical movement in America that is credited as having Henry David Thoreau as a major contribution. Over the course of his intellectual career, nature and human behavior have been two major themes that he has explored in his articles, novels, and poetry.

To know more about Henry David visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29093390

#SPJ4

Place these events surrounding the creation of the U.S. system of government in chronological order
1- delegates gather at the constitutional convention
2-the federalist papers are published
3- the constitution is ratified by the states
4-the bill of rights is adopted

Answers

When the constitutional convention convenes, the federalist papers are released. The states ratify the constitution, and the bill of rights is adopted.

The Constitution was ratified how?

The founders laid down the requirements for ratifying the Constitution. They avoided state legislators because they thought they would be reluctant to hand over power to the federal government. They asked that each state conduct a separate ratification convention in its place.

In order to establish a powerful central government to deal with the challenges the nation faced, the Federalists sought to convert at least three states. Because the Constitution established a government without a charter of rights and

The process involved the gathering of delegates at the constitutional convention, publication of the federalist papers, ratification of the constitution by the states, and adoption of the bill of rights.

To know more about constitutional convention visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/11662939

#SPJ4

What factors influence the vote?

Answers

The involvement of emotions, political socialization, tolerance of diversity of political viewpoints, and the media are other public forces that have a significant impact on voting.

What traits would a probable voter possess?Higher income, educational attainment, professional standing, propensity to strongly identify with a political party, and conviction that casting a ballot is a significant act.The involvement of emotions, political socialization, tolerance of diversity of political viewpoints, and the media are other public forces that have a significant impact on voting.Age, education, and income all influence voting behavior; older voters are more likely to vote than younger ones.The biggest factors influencing voting are age and education. A higher level of partisanship and electoral preferences is associated with higher turnout.    

To learn more about Voting refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/946526

#SPJ4

Does the FCC have control over the Internet?

Answers

The FCC does not control online material. The FCC has imposed a number of obligations and limitations on broadcasters.

What subjects under the purview of the FCC?

All kinds of communication, including wire, cable, radio, television, satellite, and others, are governed by the Federal Communications Commission. The Commission works to promote communication while preserving a healthy and vibrant market.

What division of the government oversees the Internet?

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration oversees the use of government spectrum, distributes funding for the creation and expansion of broadband networks, conducts telecom research, and makes recommendations to the president on issues involving communications and information policy.

To know more about communication :

https://brainly.com/question/22558440

#SPJ4

Do you think wealthy individuals like rockefeller, carnegie, and gates have a duty to become philanthropists? support your answer with evidence.

Answers

Andrew Carnegie aspired to become a philanthropist, a person who distributes money to good causes, after retiring as the world's richest man in 1901 at the age of 66.

He believed in the "Gospel of Wealth," which held that affluent individuals had a moral obligation to return their wealth to society.

Carnegie and Rockefeller, as the country's wealthiest individuals at the start of the twentieth century, embarked on massive, separate philanthropy activities. In the latter decades of his life,

Each handed away hundreds of millions of dollars. And each established a foundation that is still active in philanthropy.

Learn more about to philanthropist visit here;

https://brainly.com/question/25296936

#SPJ4

Which of the following statements are correct regarding campaign contributions?

a. The majority of campaign contributions are offered to politicians the contributor already supports.
b. Campaign contributors get better access to legislators than do non-contributors.

Answers

Campaign contributors get better access to legislators than do non-contributors.

The legislative body is also known as the Parliament, Parliament or Congress. This includes the Senate and the House of Representatives. More often than not, those  in the House of Representatives introduce a bill  they want to change. After some discussions and detailed facts about the meaning of the new law or the amendment of the law, the Leader of the House makes it a law.

The legislative branch of the US government is called Congress. Congress has two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress meets in the US Capitol  in Washington. Each representative, also called a congressman or congresswoman,  is elected for a two-year term to serve the people of a particular congressional district. Among other things, representatives present proposals and decisions, propose changes and work in committees.

Learn about legislature:

https://brainly.com/question/809346

#SPJ4

If philips, a company well-known for led lights, debuted a smartphone, it would likely fall in which quadrant of the bcg matrix?.

Answers

The BCG or Boston Consulting Group matrix's "question marks" quadrant is probably where a smart tablet would go.

The reason is that the smart tablet has a small share of the market, but the product is expanding rapidly.

The growth–share matrix, also known as the Boston Consulting Group matrix (BCG Matrix), is a chart that was created by employees of BCG and named Alan Zakon in collaboration. The Boston Consulting Group matrix is also a straightforward marketing model that can be used to examine a company's portfolio. There are several quadrants in a BCG matrix, including the stars, cash cow, dogs, and question mark quadrants.

What is the BCG matrix?

Using graphical representations of a company's products and services, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) growth-share matrix is a planning tool designed to assist a business in deciding which of its assets it should keep, sell, or invest more in.

To learn more about BCG Matrix here:

https://brainly.com/question/29432583

#SPJ4

After reading about various social movements in chapter 18, what do sociologists see as some of the challenges to the growth of a social movement?

Answers

Deprivation, discontent, and frustration are frequently assumed to be sufficient causes for initiating or joining a social movement.

A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a specific goal, usually social or political in nature. This could be to implement a social change, or to oppose or reverse one. It is a type of group action in which individuals, organizations, or both are involved.The American civil rights movement, second-wave feminism, gay rights activism, environmental and conservation efforts, opposition to mass surveillance, and so on are all notable examples. They are typically centered on issues that extend beyond but are not distinct from class.

To know more about Social movement here

https://brainly.com/question/26439172

#SPJ4

What does the poet do in the night answer?

Answers

in the night, The poet describes the struggle of the plants to reach the forest. She said that the roots struggled all night to free themselves from the veranda floor.

Several animals are mentioned in 'The Night,' but a lion is used to represent the spirit of protection. 'The Night' contains various religious references that lead me to assume it is portraying heaven. The most revealing of them occurs in the last stanza, in which the reader is introduced to the lamb, which is frequently used in the Bible to represent Jesus Christ. 'The Night' is structured into six equal-length stanzas, each with eight lines. The metre is irregular throughout the poem, with the amount of syllables and stresses shifting. The poem follows a constant rhyming pattern (ABABCCDD), albeit some of the rhymes are merely partial.

learn more about the night here:

https://brainly.com/question/17118147

#SPJ4

What not to say in a disability interview?

Answers

The things to not so during disability interview are

Don't assert that you are able to work or that the only reason you are unemployed is that no one will hire you.Exaggerating Your Symptoms - It is not advisable to exaggerate your symptoms.

The SSA will be interested in learning about your health issues and medical background. To share with the claim specialist, get ready all of your contact information and the dates of your most recent visits. To ascertain your incapacitating conditions, they will use this information.You will be interviewed by a Social Security representative who will also fill up an Adult Disability Report and an application for disability payments. The interview will either take place over the phone or in your neighborhood Social Security office. It will take a minimum of one hour.Spending too much money. A person must be unable to engage in significant gainful activity (SGA) that would pay up to a specific amount in order to be eligible for disability benefits. You will not be eligible if you can earn more than the SGA.

To know more about Disability here

https://brainly.com/question/29820912

#SPJ4

unlike psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapist tend to focus on the more than the group of answer choices present:future past:present present:past past:future

Answers

The present and the future are more significant than the past, and conscious ideas are more significant than unconscious ones.

When ought I to consult a therapist?

When something bothers you and interferes with your life, as American Psychological Association advises you to think about seeking therapy, especially if: You spend at least an hour a day thinking about or dealing with the problem. You feel embarrassed or want to avert other people because of the problem.

Are personal inquiries to your therapist acceptable?

Yes, in a nutshell, is the answer to your query. You should inquire if you have any questions. Your inquiries are reasonable and probably pertinent to the therapeutic procedure. (Asking questions that are obviously improper is a another matter.)

To know more about therapists visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9360511

#SPJ4

positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) effect.

Answers

Answer:

amplifying

Explanation:

positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a amplifying effect.

vinny has been admitted once again to the hospital for severe depression. the psychiatrist knows from their history of treatment and previous visits to the unit that vinny's severe depression is now treatment-resistant. the only type of treatment that can help vinny quickly and potentially save their life is:

Answers

The only type of treatment that can help vinny quickly and potentially save their life is psychological counselling.

What is meant by depression?

Depression is a prevalent mental illness. According to estimates, the condition affects 5% of adults worldwide. Consistent sorrow and a lack of interest in formerly fulfilling or joyful activities are its defining traits. Additionally, it may impair appetite and sleep.

How can you tell if you're depressed?

Sadness, tears, emptiness, or a sense of helplessness. Irrational behaviour, impatience, or frustration, especially over trivial issues. Loss of enjoyment or interest in the majority or all of the typical activities, such as hobbies or sports. Sleep disorders, such as excessive or insufficient sleep.

To know more about depression, click here- brainly.com/question/21711771

#SPJ4

Can you testify to what you heard someone say?

Answers

Our criminal justice system depends on in-court testimony from people who have knowledge of or have been victims of a crime.

Can you vouch for what you overheard?

You should be aware that you might not be able to testify about what other people told you if you will be a witness in a trial. However, you are allowed to go on and on describing you heard, tasted, felt, and what you did as a result without quoting anyone.

What should you avoid when giving a testimony?

Avoid using distracting behaviors when testifying, such as chewing gum. Remember that even if you are answering a lawyer's questions, the questions are truly intended to help the jury. Smoking is also not permitted. a tidy exterior and appropriate attire in court are crucial.

To know more about witness testifies visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/3064291

#SPJ4

Is Selective Service enforced?

Answers

Yes, you are still required to register with Selective Service.

You must still register with Selective Service, yes. Almost all men—even those who think they won't need to serve—must register with Selective Service. Men called for induction would be entitled to request deferments, postponements, or exemptions from service in the case of a draft.

The Selective Service System is still in place in case it becomes necessary to protect national security, even though the draft was abolished when the United States switched to its present all-volunteer military following the Vietnam War. All male civilians between the ages of 18 and 25 are required to register, ensuring that the draft can be promptly reinstated if necessary.

To know more about Selective Service here

https://brainly.com/question/23753695

#SPJ4

What is the power of the Senate to approve or reject a president's nominee is called?

Answers

Answer: "Nominations"

The United States Constitution provides that the president "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for." (Article II, section 2).

Explanation:

Other Questions
Raspberry Company's actuary has computed its prior service cost to be $8,000,000. Raspberry amortizes the prior service cost by the straight-line method over the remaining 20-year service life of its active employees. During the current year, Raspberry also recognizes service cost of $560,000 and interest cost of $100,000. At the beginning of the year, the plan assets were $1,500,000, and the company expects to earn 10% on its plan assets. Compute Raspberry's pension expense for the current year. I need help with this question I have english 1 Complete the sentence: An unbiased estimator is _____. a. any sample statistic used to approximate a population parameter b. a sample statistic, which has an expected value equal to the value of the population parameter c. a sample statistic whose value is usually less than the value of the population parameter d. any estimator whose standard error is relatively small The driver of a car wishes to pass a truck that is traveling at a constant speed of 19.3 m/s . Initially, the car is also traveling at a speed 19.3m/s and its front bumper is a distance 25.0m behind the truck's rear bumper. The car begins accelerating at a constant acceleration 0.560m/s^2 , then pulls back into the truck's lane when the rear of the car is a distance 26.5m ahead of the front of the truck. The car is of length 4.50m and the truck is of length 20.7m . Part A) How much time is required for the car to pass the truck? Part B ) What distance does the car travel during this time? Part C) What is the final speed of the car? Which territory was under dispute The least common multiple of 3, 4, 6, and 8 is The business will need to leave the business' office building and move to another location.What is the best way to rewrite this sentence?OA.The business will need to leave his or her office building and move to another location..The business will need to leave their office building and move to another location,C.The business will need to leave its office building and move to another location.ODThe business will need to leave thems office building and move to another location. 17.Question 17Fill in the blank of the following sentence with the appropriate vocabulary word, in its correct form. (Only enter the missing word and not the entire sentence. Entering the entire sentence will be marked incorrectly.)Nosotros vamos ______ (before) el gobierno What is the least positive integer such that it is a multiple of 16 and the product of its digits is a multiple of 12? Can somebody who knows how to do this plz help answer these questions correctly (only if u done this before) thx :3WILL MARK BRAINLEST WHOEVER ANSWERS FIRST :DDDD (5g2+6g-10)-(6b2+2g+9) The OYB Company is performing an annual evaluation of two of its suppliers: X Company and the Y Company. You have collected the following information: Performance Criteria X Company Score Y Company Score Weight Product Availability 75 80 0.25 Responsive 75 80 0.10 On-time delivery 80 85 0.25 % of Delivery Correct/No Damage 90 95 0.15 Communication of Delays 95 65 0.15 Business (Info Sharing/Attitudes) 85 75 0.10 Total Score 82.5 80.75 Which statements are true? Group of answer choices If OYB designates scores of 70-90 as "Certified: meeting performance standards", both companies are "Certified" suppliers. X Company has a higher evaluation. Y Company moves to the "Preferred" category since the most important parameters, on-time delivery and product availability, are higher with Y Company. b and c only a and b only Write a biography of two figures of the Mexican Revolution, and answer the question: Why were these figures important to theMexican Revolution? who was the first spanish governor NO LINKS Financial analysts have estimated the returns on shares of the Goldday Corporation and the overall market portfolio under two economic states nature as follows. For Goldday the state dependent returns are -0.04 in recession, and 0.10 in an economic boom. For the market the state dependent returns are -0.06 in recession,and 0.14 in boom. The analyst estimates that the probability of a recession is 0.50 while the probability of an economic boom is 0.50. Compute the covariance between Goldday and the market.' Why were many Mexican Americans deported during the Great Depression? 3. Which of the following is a major religion from East Asia? * Buddhism O Confucianism O Christianity Shinto 4. On the basis of what criteria did Linnaeus classify natural bodies"into his system? Helppp!!!!Xxxxxxxxx Which of the following principles are important to keep in mind when establishing a forecasting process within your organization: A) Convergence: Allowing individuals within your organization to discuss and brainstorm together as a group before submitting their forecasts to ensure that they have as much relevant information as possible. B) Incentives: Ensuring that individuals are incentivized to report their forecast accurately. C) Diversity: Invite a diverse set of individuals from across the company to participate in the forecasting process.