Answer:
Explanation:
RGD stands for Arginine Glycine Aspartate and is a three-amino-acid peptide. It is the most extensively utilized adhesive peptide for adhering diverse cell types to a variety of biomaterials. Integrins, fibrinogen, osteopontin, fibronectin, and bone sialoprotein, as well as collagens and laminins, all include an RGD primary binding domain. As a result, the synthetic (artificial) peptide RGD may bind to a wide range of integrin types. The artificial RGD retains its functioning through the sterilizing and processing processes of biomaterial creation because of its recognition advantage. This feature denotes the immune reactivity and pathogen transmission during xenograft.
Affinity can be modulated by the conformation of artificial RGD. The efficacy of RGD is also determined by the in vitro deposition of cells on the surface of the material sample.
The molecular processes unravel its effectiveness throughout its use as a scaffold foundation in in-vivo models. The fact that artificial RGD cannot work well in isolation is now a major aspect that defines its activity.
It has been discovered that cells release a variety of integrin-binding proteins that are more effective in activating integrin signalling than pure RGD. As a result, most biomaterials will bind and adsorb these proteins rather than RGD. As a result, a serum-free medium is employed in the majority of in vitro research.
As a result, biomaterials are supplied with RGD as well as quasi polymers such as polyethylene glycol to reduce the variance produced by native proteins. The addition of additional amino acids to RGD based on natural sequences can increase its biological activity, which can aid in the development of new tissues and the stimulation of cellular responses and signalling.
The amino terminal endpoint of the peptide, as well as the carboxyl group of the material surface, establish a covalent connection, which binds the peptide to just the surface of its biomaterial. Cell adhesion biomaterials are made from a variety of cell adhesion materials, including poly-L-lysine, mussels adhesive protein (MAP), and outer membrane (extracellular matrix) proteins.
Because MAPS are high in Dihydroxyphenylalanine and lysine, RGD is coupled with either of these to boost its cell adhesion capability. As a result, they can also aid in the attachment to damp or moist surfaces. It may also firmly adhere to glass, metals, and plastics. The addition of thiol groups to a peptide can also aid in its orientation and boost its stability.
The gap and density of this peptide sequence and structure on the biomaterial surface may be adjusted using a micro and nanotechnology (nanoscale patterning) method, which also improves ligand binding accuracy. Cellular reactions and cell activity are also under its control. Integrin receptors have been shown to be between 9 - 12 nm in size, therefore nanoscale surface patterning is crucial.
As a result, the above methods serve as a strategy for incorporating a cell adhesion recognition domain into a biomaterial while taking into account all of the technical intervention affecting its quantity, type, and affinity to the top layer for cell adhesion as a functioning tissue rather than a monolayer.
Only a very few flowering plants have been able to invade the oceans. But the few marine ones are very successful. What are some reasons for the small number of marine flowering plants
Answer:
1. High osmotic pressure due to the hypersaline nature of marine habitats
2. The dependence of flowering plants on pollinating insects for fertilization. These insect pollinators are however, absent in the marine environment.
3. Competition from already-established sea weeds and grasses provides another challenge to flowering plants invadingnthe oceans.
4. Constant changes in the environment as well as temperature changes too
Explanation:
The marine environment is a hypersaline environment with a high salt concentration relative to that of the plant cell. Due to high salt concentration of the marine environment, their is high osmotic pressure on living oragnisms found therein. Organisms must have well-adapted osmo-regulatory mechanisms to counteract the high osmotic pressure of their environment. Therefore, flowering plants face the challenge of removing excess salt from their cells or else lose water to their environment, hence resulting in the death of the plant. However, most flowering plants lack this ability and thus, have found it difficult to invade the oceans.
Flowering plants depends on insect-pollinators for fertilization. However, these insect are not found in the oceans, and as such, it is difficult for flowering plants to invade the oceans.
Well-adapted seaweeds and grasses serve as competitors for any invading flowering plant. Since the flowering plants are not yet adapted for life in marine habitats, they lose out in this competition.
The oceans are constantly in a state of frequent turbulence and change due to tides and currents. Also, the temperature of the oceans are very low and fluctuations in the temperatures of the ocean do occur, utimately serving as obstacles to invading flowering plants to adapt to life in the oceans and seas.
How does natural selections take care of negative point mutations
Answer:
As mutations occur, natural selection decides which mutations will live on and which ones will die out. ... If the mutation is beneficial, the mutated organism survives to reproduce, and the mutation gets passed on to its offspring.
Explanation:
I hope it's help u
Oxygen is also called a life supporting gas?why
Explanation:
Oxygen is also called a life supporting gas because oxygen is required in the process of cellular respiration.
ANSWER FOR BRAINLIEST
A company recently tested the effectiveness of three new insecticides. The company wanted to determine which insecticide they should use to kill multiple pest species of ants. The data table below shows the results from the company's experiment.
Insecticide Fire Ants Killed Sugar Ants Killed Carpenter Ants Killed
X 74% 94% 62%
Y 32% 12% 18%
Z 45% 67% 31%
Based on the results of the experiment, the company concluded that insecticide X would be the best one to use. Upon which of the following lines of evidence did the company base its conclusion?
A.
Insecticide X was more effective against sugar ants than against carpenter ants or fire ants.
B.
Insecticide X killed a greater percentage of two out of the three species than did insecticides Y and Z.
C.
Insecticide X killed a greater percentage of all three species than did insecticides Y and Z.
D.
Insecticide X was more effective against carpenter ants than against sugar ants or fire ants.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
i just did this question 5 minutes ago.
A company recently tested the effectiveness of three new insecticides, and based on the results of the experiment, the company concluded that insecticide X would be the best one to use because it killed a greater percentage of all three species than did insecticides Y and Z, which are in option C.
What is the insecticide?The insecticide is given for the destruction or killing of the insects, and the intensity of the insecticides varies depending on the insects and their poison. There are three insecticides: X, Y, and Z, and X kills a higher percentage of all ants than the other two, so it is preferred.
Hence, A company recently tested the effectiveness of three new insecticides, and based on the results of the experiment, the company concluded that insecticide X would be the best one to use because it killed a greater percentage of all three species than did insecticides Y and Z, which are in option C.
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Scientists have discovered a new marine bacterial species called Vibrio nuigii. They have isolated ten strains of this bacterium and determined their whole genome sequences. Only one of the strains (which the scientists named Vir1) is virulent and causes disease in oysters. Describe three ways in which the scientists could use their knowledge of the bacterial genome sequences to identify the genes responsible for virulence.
Answer:
1-by transfecting small interfering RNAs against target genes of interest
2-by using comparative genomics strategies in order to infer functional relationships among target genes of interest and homologous genes responsible for virulence in other bacteria (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes)
3- by inducing mutations through site-directed mutagenesis in order to study gene function (i.e., by examining the effects of knockout mutations)
Explanation:
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), also known as complete genome sequencing, refers to Next Generation Sequencing technologies that allow the obtention of the entire genetic sequence of an organism/cell, which can be used as a reference genome to understand gene function, evolutionary relationships, etc. The information provided by WGS technologies allows making many different types of genetic analyses in order to understand gene function. First, the nucleotide reference sequence can be used to design complementary small interfering RNAs that trigger degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, thereby inhibiting gene function (in this case, inhibiting genes associated with virulence in the bacterial strain). Second, a reference genome is required to perform bioinformatic data analyses in order to identify homologous genes associated with virulence in evolutionarily related bacteria, allowing identify, for example, antibiotic resistance genes or sequence polymorphisms (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with gene function. Third, the information provided by a reference genome can also be used to trigger site-directed mutagenesis (for example, by using the highly precise CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology) in order to knock out specific genes of interest and thus analyze if the bacterial strain is still infectious.
Certain characteristics allow animals to survive in one environment but not in another.
Which two statements support the claim that an Arctic wolf can NOT survive in the desert? A. It has two thick layers of fur. B. It has a thick layer of body fat. C. It hunts over a large area of land. D. It has large eyes to see better at night. E. It has light-colored fur to reflect sunlight.
Answer:
A and either B or C
Explanation:
check my reasoning cause i'm not 100% percent sure most likely the wolf would die from heat due to the layers of fur and body fat. also c and d have nothing to do with the wolf not being able to survive, in fact c is beneficial
Which of the following best describes what scientists consider when they study ecology? A. the interactions of organisms with their environment B. the interactions of organisms with weather and climate C. the interactions of organisms to reproduce and produce offspring D. the interactions of organisms with one another and the environment
Answer: A
Explanation:
I’m smart duhh
Answer: A
Explanation: It is resonable
Envy plant yellow seed color is dominant in greeting color is recessive what will the generations look like assume that Mandel's method of Crossing reading parents with opposite traits is followed check all that apply
Options please! Otherwise how are we supposed to help you, sorry.
An organisms phenotype is
A. Its parents genes
B. Its genetic make up
C. lts physical appearance
D. Its heterozygosity
Answer:
Explanation:
It's physical appearance
Which of the following kinds of cells perform basic functions such as obtaining energy from food?
Plant cells, but not animal cells
Animal cells, but not plant cells
Both plant cells and animal cells
Neither animal cells nor plant cells
Answer:
Both plant and animal cells
Explanation:
Answer:both plant cells and animal cells
Explanation:generally, cells obtain energy from food during cellular respiration where glycolysis takes place
Which paint should be used on the absorber plate if it is designed to absorb the greatest possible amount of insolation? *
Where does most ocean pollution come from
Answer:
most ocean pollution comes from plastic waste and garbage flood
Answer:
Ocean pollution is caused by the introduction of toxic materials and harmful pollutants such as agricultural and industrial waste, chemicals, oil spills, and plastic litter into the ocean waters.
Which of the following is the most susceptible to damage by pollution in the air and
precipitation
A. The roots of trees
B. Trees at high elevations
C. Birds that migrate seasonally
D. Plants that grow in lakes or rivers
Answer:
B) Trees at high elevations
Explanation:
The atmospheric conditions and precipitation toxicity is most likely to affect trees at high elevations more so than the other answers.
The tree leaves, which are the main key to the tree's photosynthesis, absorb the oxygen and Co2 from the air, which are converted into nutrients. Without proper nutrients, the trees may die out.
how scientists are able to determine climate information by just looking at tree rings? (how does it work?)
Explanation:
Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.
Answer:
Explanation:
Climate scientists compare the tree growth records to local weather records. For locations where a good statistical match exists between tree growth and temperature or precipitation during the period of overlap, the ring widths can be used to estimate past temperature or precipitation over the lifetime of the tree.
_______ are large geographical areas that have similar climate and weather patterns.
a.Symbioses
b. Zones of tolerance
c. Biomes
d. Communitie
Answer:
i think its c.............
Answer:
The answer is C. Biomes
Explanation:
Large areas with similar climate and weather are called biomes.
FORENSIC SCIENCE !! BEST ANSWER GETS BRAINLOEST!!!!!!!
A ransom note is left at the scene of a kidnapping. Investigators ask a forensic linguist to look at it. What possible information might the linguist be looking for on the note?
Phrases that are used only in one area of the country
The chemical makeup of the ink used
The color of the ink that was used and where it came from
How much money the suspect is asking for
Answer:
The color of the ink that was used and where it came from
Explanation:
i took the test and im like 87% sure this is right
Los peroxisomas tienen por función
Los peroxisomas juegan un papel clave en la oxidación de biomoléculas específicas. También contribuyen a la biosíntesis de lípidos de membrana conocidos como plasmalógenos. En las células vegetales, los peroxisomas llevan a cabo funciones adicionales, incluido el reciclaje de carbono del fosfoglicolato durante la fotorrespiración.
What type of natural selection do you think is acting on these bugs if we consider the golden rain tree bugs and balloon vines bugs together as one group
Complete question:
Question 49 (1 point) The following questions refer to the description below. You have read that soapberry bugs, Jadera haematoloma, adapt to available food sources. For example, in southern Florida, soapberry bugs feed on seeds of a native plant, the balloon vine. In central Florida, the balloon vine is rare and soapberry bugs have switched to eating seeds of an introduced species, the golden rain tree. The seeds of the golden rain tree fruits are much closer to the fruit surface than the seeds of the native balloon vine fruit. As a result, natural selection results in beaks that are shorter in soapberry bugs that utilize golden rain tree fruits than those that feed on balloon vine fruit seeds.
What type of natural selection do you think is acting on these bugs if we consider the golden rain tree bugs and balloon vines bugs together as one group?
DirectionalStabilizingDisruptive (diversifying)Answer:
Disruptive (diversifying)Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
What is the mechanism by which binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to upregulated gene transcription
Answer:
This binding causes a conformational change in the receptor which enters into the nucleus and binds DNA to activate transcription
Explanation:
Testosterone is a steroid hormone responsible for inducing protein synthesis and growth of tissues with androgen receptors. Testosterone receptors, also known as androgen receptors, are a class of nuclear receptors activated by binding androgenic hormones (e.g. testosterone) in the cytoplasm, whose binding induces a conformational change of the receptors that are subsequently translocated to the nucleus. Within the cell nucleus, these activated receptors form homodimers that bind DNA in order to promote the transcription of target genes capable of regulating cell growth, cell cycle progression and survival.
Light penetrates the clear water of the open ocean more deeply than it does lake
water. Phytoplankton is found deeper in the open ocean than in freshwater lakes.
What does this observation best indicate?
A Phytoplankton provides nutrients to consumers in the ecosystem.
B Phytoplankton reduces the light available to organisms at lower depths.
C Phytoplankton populations are limited by their ability to photosynthesize.
D Phytoplankton population growth is limited by the presence of marine salts.
The given observation best indicates that the phytoplankton provides nutrients to consumers in the ecosystem.
What do you mean by Ecosystem?An ecosystem may be defined as a place or an area where organisms of different species are present together and interact with one another for their need.
Phytoplanktons belong to lower trophic levels in the aquatic ecosystem. The organisms of higher trophic levels depend on it for the need of energy.
Therefore, the given observation best indicates that the phytoplankton provides nutrients to consumers in the ecosystem.
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Each trait a person has, such as eye or hair color, is ultimately the result of a single allele in DNA.
True
False
Answer:fałsz
Explanation:
Answer:
False
Explanation:
I just took the test
The diagram shows the human alimentary canal. In which parts does peristalsis take place? plss be sure abt it
Answer:
i think answer is 3 and 4
Explanation:
peristalsis is located at esophagus and in our digestive system
The parts where peristalsis will take place are ; ( C ) parts 3 and 4
Peristalsis is a series of muscle contraction occurring in the digestive system of Humans also these series of muscle contraction can be seen in tubes connecting the human kidney and bladder as well.
From the diagram parts 3 ( esophagus )and 4 ( intestines ) are part of the human digestive system and peristalsis is very evident in these regions in the human body.
Hence we can conclude that The parts where peristalsis will take place are 3 and 4
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• Write the biofuel and biogas chemical formulas. Explain why biofuel and biogas are still considered energy-dense molecules. Compare the chemical makeup of each component to carbon dioxide, which is produced when glucose is completely oxidised.
Answer:
diesel fuel is C12H23 whereas Methane is CH4.
Explanation:
The chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C12H23 while o the other hand, the formal of biogas such as Methane which is CH4. Both are organic compounds due to the presence of hydrogen and carbon. Biofuel and biogas are still considered energy-dense molecules because they have more mass and produced large amount of energy from it. The main difference between Carbondioxide gas and biofuel is that there is no hydrogen present in the formula of carbondioxide gas.
1. A brown mink crossed with a silver-blue mink produced all brown offspring. When these F1 were crossed among themselves, they produced forty-seven brown animals and fifteen silver-blue animals. What are the genotypes of the parentals and the F1s
Answer:
The correct answer is -
Parental - BB and bb
F1
Genotypes: 100% Bb
F2
Genotypes: ¼ BB, ½ Bb, ¼ bb
Explanation:
It is given that a cross between a brown and a silver-blue mink produces all brown offspring and it is only possible if brown is dominant over silver blue in true breed cross, assume brown trait is represented by B and silver-blue is b then parents will be
BB and bb
B B
b Bb Bb
b Bb Bb
Cross between F1 individuals: Bb cross Bb
gametes : B, b and B, b
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
the genotype of F2 : 1:2:1 = ¼ BB, ½ Bb, ¼ bb
Which DNA sequence is complementary to the sequence: 5'-T A C G C A C C A A T A A C C A T A A T T -3'
Answer:
A T G C G T G G T T A T T G G T A T T A A
Explanation:
Newton's third law of motion is also known as
______/reaction.
In mutualism, both organisms participating benefit from the relationship.
True or False?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
This apparatus can be used to show osmosis.
(a) Explain what happens to the level of sucrose solution in the glass tube. [3]
(b) Describe how this apparatus could be modified to measure the rate of osmosis at different temperatures. [3]
Answer:
A. The level of sucrose solution will rise in the glass tube because water molecules will pass through the semipermeable membrane into the tube as water potential is higher outside than inside the tube.
B. The apparatus can be modified to measure the rate of osmosis at different temperatures by doing the following :
1. Using a waterbath in order to heat the water and a thermometer to measure different temperatures.
2. Using a scale such as a ruler attached to the glass tube to measure the increase in height at different temperatures.
3. Using a stopwatch to record time taken for unit increase in the height of waterat different temperatures.
Explanation:
A. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of low solute concentration or high water potential to a region of high solute concentration or low water potential through a semipermeable membrane until equilibrium concentration is attained.
The movement of water molecules is based on a concentration gradient, from a region where there are more water molecules to a region where there are fewer water molecules.
The sucrose solution has a higher solute concentation but lower water potential due to fewer water molecules compared to water in the beaker, therefore, water molecules will pass through the semipermeable membrane into the glass tube resulting in an increase in the level of sucrose solution in the glass tube.
B. The apparatus can be modified to measure the rate of osmosis at different temperatures by doing the following :
1. Using a waterbath in order to heat the water and a thermometer to measure different temperatures.
2. Using a scale such as a ruler attached to the glass tube to measure the increase in height at different temperatures.
3. Using a stopwatch to record time taken for unit increase in the height of waterat different temperatures.
Question 12 of 15
A force is a push or pull.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A force is a push or pull against something or someone
Neanderthals differed from modern humans in: A. long (front-to-back), vertically low skull shape B. having smaller brain size than modern humans C. Having smaller incisor teeth than modern humans D. Creating less complicated stone tools than modern humans
Answer:
A. long (front-to-back), vertically low skull shape
Explanation:
The Neanderthals had a different body structure than doe the present modern humans have. The had a more robust well-built structure and had a distinctive morphological feature. Research suggests they were stronger than modern man thought they were slightly shorter than modern humans. They had a noticeable face, a chin, and a forehead slope.