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Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds are given below.

Transfer/Sharing of Electrons:

Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Structures/ Shapes of Molecules:

Ionic compounds tend to form crystalline structures, while covalent compounds tend to form more complex and varied structures.

Hardness/Brittleness:

Ionic compounds tend to be brittle and are not malleable, while covalent compounds tend to be softer and more malleable.

Electrical Conductivity:

Ionic compounds tend to be electrical conductors in their solid state, while covalent compounds tend to be electrical insulators.

Melting/Boiling Points:

Ionic compounds tend to have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds.

Electronegativity & Polarity:

Ionic compounds are basically more polar than covalent compounds due to the unequal sharing of electrons.

Octet Rule:

The octet rule states that atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to achieve an electron configuration of eight electrons in their outermost energy level. This is due to the stability of the noble gas configuration. Exceptions to the octet rule include molecules with an odd number of electrons, molecules with more than eight electrons in the outer shell, and molecules with expanded octets. Examples of these exceptions include BF3, PCl5, and SF6.

Lewis Dot Structure:

A Lewis dot structure is a diagram that represents the outermost electrons of an atom. It is drawn by placing dots representing the electrons around the chemical symbol of the element. This diagram is used to determine the geometry of the molecule and to predict the type of bonds that can form between atoms.

VSEPR:

VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. It is a model that predicts the geometry of a molecule based on the number of electron pairs present around the central atom. A lone pair is a pair of electrons not shared between two atoms and is represented by two dots in a Lewis dot structure. Examples of compounds with lone pairs include water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).

The molecular shapes without any lone pairs are linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and trigonal bipyramidal. The general formula without any lone pairs is AXn, where n is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom. Examples include CO2 (linear), BF3 (trigonal planar), CH4 (tetrahedral), and PCl5 (trigonal bipyramidal).

The molecular shapes with lone pairs are bent, trigonal pyramidal, T-shaped, and square planar. The general formula with any lone pairs is AXnE, where n is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom and E is the number of lone pairs. Examples include H2O (bent), NH3 (trigonal pyramidal), IF3 (T-shaped), and XeF4 (square planar).

What is a Covalent bond?

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bond is generally formed between two non-metallic atoms, such as two oxygen atoms, or between two different elements. Covalent bonds are strong, stable, and tend to form molecules.

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Answer:

The liver.

Explanation:

The liver converts the majority of the alcohol into a substance called acetaldehyde, which is then further broken down into acetic acid and other byproducts. This process of metabolizing alcohol is what helps to reduce the concentration of alcohol in the blood and eliminate it from the body

Answer:

All of these can be affected

Explanation:

A change in the Earth's climate can have a number of impacts on the planet and its inhabitants. Weather is a key aspect of climate, and a change in climate can lead to changes in patterns of weather, such as changes in the frequency or intensity of storms, droughts, or other extreme weather events. These changes can have significant impacts on plants and animals, as they may be adapted to specific types of weather and climate conditions. Ecosystems, which are complex systems of interacting plants, animals, and other organisms, can also be affected by changes in climate, as these changes can alter the relationships between different species and the availability of resources. Overall, climate change can have a range of impacts on the Earth and its inhabitants, and understanding these impacts is an important part of addressing this global challenge.

Both volcanic glass and volcanic rock are produced as lava cools. As part of a powerful volcanic eruption, magma may potentially erupt into the Earth's atmosphere.

In the form of volcanic rock known as tephra, this magma solidifies in the atmosphere. Tephra is most often known as volcanic ash in the atmosphere.

Volcanoes can spew forth a significant volume of heated lava (a geosphere event), which melts mountain glaciers (a hydrosphere phenomenon).

Therefore, flooding and mudflows (geosphere) might affect settlements along streams downstream from volcanoes (biosphere).

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A species of strepsirrhine that possesses the prosimian monkeys' unique rhinarium, hence option C is correct

There are several species in the wild. A species found in the forest is called Strepsirhini.

The term "rhinarium" refers to nose shape. In this region, animals including numerous mammals with external nose openings may be found and hair is not present. In many animals, this is where moisture is produced.

The study of these mammals can occasionally reveal information about their evolution and classification.

Therefore,  the purpose of the grooming claw and tooth comb Strepsirrhini primates use these two features to groom themselves.

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Answer:

cell B

Explanation:

it has more mitochondria therefore more metabolism

Answer:

What is herbivory?

Herbivory is the act of eating plants. Herbivory occurs above and below ground. Herbivores may eat any part of the plant above the soil including leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and any part of the plant below the soil including roots and tubers.

What are herbivores plants?

Plants that are parasites can still be considered herbivores. A parasite is an organism that lives on or in another organism and gets its nutrients from it. Parasitic plants get their nutrients from other plants, called host plants.

Question: A marine biologist and her team capture 40 sea turtles and mark them before releasing them. The following year, they capture 60 sea turtles at the same location. Of the 60 sea turtles, only 15 have the mark from the prior year. What is the estimated population of sea turtles for that location? 7 sea turtles 23 sea turtles 160 sea turtles 240 sea turtles

Answer: C) 160 sea turtles

Answer:

1.d 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.a

Answer: A. interfere with ciliary action in the trachea

Explanation: I took this before and got it right.

Smoking can damage the respiratory system by damaging air sacs and alveoli.

Explanation:

Option A is correct.

The trachea is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. and the smoke deposits can damage cilia and can eventually destroy them.

Cilia keep the respiratory tract clear and as they are damaged in smokers, it can lead to cough and are also at high risk of contracting pneumonia.

Option B is correct

Smoke can contribute to the aggravation of inflammatory response, contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

It can increase the release of cytokinins and trigger viral infections.

Option C is correct

Excess tobacco can block sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve impulses and can affect the normal breathing mechanism.

Option D is false

Smoking can increase blood pressure and causes hypertension.

A species that lack a swim bladder, a fish without buoyancy issues will often stay still and erect in the water.

You will notice excessive fin movement if your fish are trying to keep upright or are swimming sideways or upside down as they attempt to float correctly.

Thus, we may draw the conclusion that the swim bladder's air capacity rises as the fish dives deeper.

You might be shocked to learn that the majority of bony fishes have a swim bladder, a particular organ that helps them with that.

Therefore, this is a gas-filled sac with a thin wall that is found inside a fish's body.

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The environment determines which traits are adaptive during the process of natural selection.

Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time based on their effect on the survival and reproduction of the individuals that possess them. The individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring. Over time, this can lead to the evolution of species, as certain traits become more common in the population.

Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of evolution and is often referred to as "survival of the fittest," although the term "fitness" in this context refers to how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its specific environment, rather than its physical strength or athleticism. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were the first to propose the theory of natural selection, it's based on observations of natural variation within populations, heritability of traits and the fact that more individuals are born than can survive to reproduce.

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The cell membrane is a thin, semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

1) There are two of movement across the cell membrane.

2) Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules randomly, the use of energy.

3) Active diffusion refers to the movement of molecules that dash the use of energy.

Explain Diffusion.

Diffusion is the process of molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process occurs naturally and does not require the use of energy. Active diffusion, on the other hand, is the process of molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, but it requires the use of energy. Active diffusion is usually facilitated by proteins embedded in the cell membrane that act as transporters. These transporters use energy to move molecules across the membrane, either into or out of the cell.

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Answer: B

Explanation:

The circulatory system includes the heart, veins, arterioles, etc.. Includes blood as well

Answer:

A. 14 feet per second per second does not indicate velocity.

Explanation:

Velocity has formula of displacement over time. Displacement can have unit such as mile, meter, kilometer, etc while time can have unit such as second, hour, minute, etc.

With division rule of term, we would have unit of measurement over unit of time, thus velocity only have one-degree term (no power term).

Unlike acceleration, acceleration has square term in time unit because acceleration is change in velocity over time. Velocity has unit of measurement over unit of time, with these units dividing another unit of time, we have:

[tex] \displaystyle{ \dfrac{ \text{measurement}}{ \text{time}} \div \text{time} = \dfrac{ \text{measurement}}{ \text{time}} \times \dfrac{1} {\text{time} } \to \dfrac{ \text{measurement}}{ \text{time}^{2} }}[/tex]

Hence, acceleration would have time² unit while velocity only has time¹ unit.

And as seen in the choices, only unit that appears as time² is A choice as feet per second per second means (feet/second)/second = feet/sec² and this is acceleration, not velocity.

Answer:

groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table

Explanation:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

AnswerLarger mammals don't typically have bigger cells; they just have more of them, is the typical response to the question of whether they are bigger in larger mammals than in smaller ones. For example, compare the liver cells of an elephant and a mouse.

Red blood cells, liver cells, and other cell types that often split and replace themselves are all around the same size; however, in large animals, permanent, long-lived cells like brain and fat cells are larger.

Explanation:

Fat cells, also known as adipocytes, are larger than red blood cells because they have different functions in the body. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, while fat cells store energy in the form of fat.

Fat cells are much larger than red blood cells because they need to be able to store a large amount of fat. A single fat cell can contain up to 50,000 times more fat than a red blood cell. This allows the body to store a significant amount of energy that can be used during times of increased energy demand or when food is scarce.

Red blood cells, on the other hand, are much smaller because they need to be able to circulate throughout the body and fit through the small blood vessels. They have a flattened, disk-like shape and are only about 7-8 micrometers in diameter. This is much smaller than fat cells, which can be up to 100 micrometers in diameter.

Overall, the differences in size and function between fat cells and red blood cells reflect the different roles they play in the body.

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Increasing the number of plants help you decrease error in the experiment through the following below:

This is referred to as a procedure which is usually carried out in the laboratory and it is used to support or refute a hypothesis.

Increasing the number of samples when performing an experiment will ensure that the results derived are more accurate which is because it reduces the significance of any single measurement error.

It also helps to ensure that unforeseen circumstances such as the death of the organism isn't a big deal as they can be replaced by other samples thereby making it the correct choice.

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Hypothesis; Air pollution does affect the plants in the garden.

Independent variable; Quality of air

Dependent variable; Outcome of the plants

Constants; Kind of soil and nutrients

Control groups; Plants in unpolluted environment

Experimental group; Plants in polluted environment.

When we are talking about an experiment, it has to be know that we are looking at the interplay of the variables that are involved. We are just looking at the influence of one of the variables on the other. As we change one of the variables, there is an effect also that we see on the other variable that is involved in the experimet.

The variable that we have to manipulate in the experiment is the one that we call the independent variable and as we manipulate this variable, we are going to see that there would be a change in the other variable that we call the dependent variable of the experiment.

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Around 1900, organizational and technological advancements in electricity sparked a new industrial revolution. The appearance of enterprises and cities was altered by electrical illumination and motors.

Businesses were able to expand their locations and increase their productivity thanks to centrally produced electricity. These accomplishments depended on the development of massive interconnected systems, most of which were monopolies controlled by corporations.

Before the war, the electricity business grew slowly, but in the 1920s it truly took off and played a significant role in the economic growth.

It offered factories a low-cost, effective source of power. It allowed for the simultaneous use of numerous sophisticated machines, paving the way for the development of mass production methods.

Because it provided the power required in consumers' homes for the new mass-produced goods, such as vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, and washing machines, electricity also contributed to the economic boom.

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Answer:

dendrites, axons

Explanation:

Dendrites receive messages from other neurons and axons send messages to other.

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions.

A mutualism occurs when two species have a long-term relationship that benefits both of them (+/+ interaction). Some fungi, for example, create mutualistic relationships with plant roots. The plant may photosynthesize and gives fixed carbon to the fungus in the form of sugars and other organic compounds.

The presence of several species in an ecosystem balances it. The species in an ecosystem interact with one another in some way. For example, the existence of a plant species will offer food for the numerous herbivores found in an ecosystem. A predator may consume a variety of prey. As a result, the existence of diverse prey reduces the likelihood of a species becoming extinct in the ecosystem. As a result, all creatures in an ecosystem are dependent on one another in some way.

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Answer:

I don't think it is easy to change an area's climate because it requires large-scale interventions that can take a long time to implement. Additionally, the climate is influenced by many factors, including the Earth's orbit, ocean currents, and the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Finally, the climate is a complex system and it is difficult to predict how changes to one part of the system will affect the rest of it.

Explanation:

The shape of the active site in a given enzyme is determined by the amino acid residues of the protein and the interaction between such amino acids and also molecules in the physiological conditions of the surrounding media.

The active site in a given enzyme protein is the molecular domain in the enzyme that binds to the substrate in a chemical reaction in order to form the enzyme-substrate complex that will be converted into products. The shape of the active site in the protein enzyme also depends on the amino acids in the domain that binds to the substrate and also to the molecular interactions.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the active site in a given enzyme protein is dependent on the amino acids in the protein and their interactions.

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Mass is measured by balance and weight is measured by balance.

Two pans are located on either side of a lever in the pan balancing scale. To achieve balance and determine the weight of the other thing, weights are placed on one side of the object and on the other side. Typically, the mass is expressed in grammes or kilogrammes.

Because of its practicality and accuracy, comparative weighing is frequently used to compare two things' masses rather than their absolute values. When preparing reagents and stock solutions, a top pan balance is typically used for rough weighing because minor weight differences do not significantly affect the outcome of analysis.

Two pans are integrated into this particular laboratory scale on either side of a lever. It has two separate applications. 

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When Thing 1: It has a mass measured by a pan balance. Thing 2: It takes the shape of a container. Then Both objects are matter statement is true.

Any substance with mass and which has volume is considered matter because it occupies space.

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Answer: increased genetic variation

Explanation:

Answer: The type of macromolecule that changes when Glu changes to Asp is a protein.

Explanation: The type of macromolecule that changes when Glu changes to Asp is a protein. This is because proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Glu and Asp are both amino acids, and they can be incorporated into a protein chain during protein synthesis. When Glu changes to Asp, it means that one of the amino acids in the protein chain has been replaced by a different amino acid. This can potentially alter the structure and function of the protein, depending on the specific role that the amino acid plays within the protein.