Answer:
adaptive; innate
Explanation:
The adaptive immune system refers to a specific type of immunity which is found only in vertebrates. Adaptive immunity is defined by the presence of specialized immune cells (i.e., lymphocytes such as T and B cells). The B cells produce molecules known as antibodies which destroy specific pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses) and thus prevent diseases in the future. On the other hand, the innate immune system is the first (and evolutionary more ancient) defense line against pathogenic infections or tissue injury. Innate immunity includes, among others, physical barriers, anatomical barriers, phagocytic enzymes (i.e., lysozymes), phagocytic cells (i.e., macrophages), inflammation, etc. Inflammation is defined as an innate immune response composed of complex biological processes that protect the body by eliminating harmful microorganisms and intracellular danger signals, thereby regulating signaling pathways of many diseases.
15
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
PART A:
Choose the correct answer to each question from the alternatives A, B, C or D. Write +
of your choice in the box provided.
QUESTION 1
isted below are some characteristics of surface areas for gas exchange. Which one of
ecessary for effective gas exchange?
B.
Soft
Thin
D.
Surrounded by ca
Moist
Answer:
thin
Explanation:
so there is faster diffusion rate and also there will be short diffusion distance which therfore will lead to effective exchange:)
What is extinction ?
Answer:
The term extinction's dictionary meaning, is the process of when a species, plant, or any other term for animal family, goes extinct. In more, basic terms, it means when a certain species of animal dies out completely.
This can happen due to several reasons, some being massive natural disasters. Others die out due to an unknown predator entering an ecosystem in which it doesn't belong, therefore disbalancing it.
Examples of extinct animals are Dinosaurs, but their exact reason for going extinct is unkown, there are only theories.
There are also many animals in danger of going extinct, for example Bees.
Hope this information could be of use to you!
What are the possible gametes (sperms) that would be produced from a male carrying balanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, if it occurs in 2:2 Segregation: adjacent segregation
2 ) Fertilization
Fertilization is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. The egg and sperm are haploid, which means they each contain one set of chromosomes; upon fertilization, they will combine their genetic material to form a zygote that is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. A zygote that has more than two sets of chromosomes will not be viable; therefore, to ensure that the offspring has only two sets of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg.
In mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. When a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reaction, take place. In placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane. The fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. Fusion between the oocyte plasma membrane and sperm follows and allows the sperm nucleus, centriole, and flagellum, but not the mitochondria, to enter the oocyte. The nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome. This process ultimately leads to the formation of a diploid cell called a zygote. The zygote divides to form a blastocyst and, upon entering the uterus, implants in the endometrium, beginning pregnancy.
image
Process of fertilization: (a) Fertilization is the process in which sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote. (b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus.
To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. If this mechanism fails, multiple sperm can fuse with the egg, resulting in polyspermy. The resulting embryo is not genetically viable and dies within a few days.
Cleavage, the Blastula Stage, and Gastrulation
A zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions (cleavage) to form a spherical ball of cells: the blastula; this will further develop into a blastocyst.
About how much energy would be transferred to tertiary
consumers if the producers begin with 25,000 kcal?
Answer:
B. 25 kcal
Explanation:
Do you think landowners should be compensated for their loss by the federal government for habitat conservation of endangered species?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Unless they have a permit to inhabit endangered species. They shouldn't be caring for a endangered species, because they could be doing something to hurt it even if they don't mean to. By law they do confiscate them unless you have a permit.
which of the following hypotheses can be tested with experiments? select all that apply
1.) a diet low in sugar reduces the risk for heart disease
2.) coffee increases subject performance on intelligence tests
3.) people that brush their teeth live longer than those who don't brush their teeth
4.) scientists will find a cure for cancer before the year 2020
I know that 4 isn't the answer so I selected the other three and it said I was wrong. isn't a hypotheses something that can be experimented on so can't all of the three have experiments If I'm making sense
Options 1 and 2 can be tested through experimental procedures.
A hypothesis is an explanation for a given phenomenon from the real world.A testable hypothesis is a plausible explanation that can be proved (or rejected) by an experimental and/or observational procedure. A well-designed experiment should have into account the following characteristics: randomization, replication and local control.Manipulation indicates that one variable (dependent variable) is purposefully changed by the scientist in the environment.The controls must be used to prevent non-controlled factors which might be influencing the outcomes of the experiment.Option 3: it is not possible to carry out an experiment to test this hypothesis.Option 4: it is not a hypothesis and a false anachronic statement (cancer is a multifactorial disease that currently still has not been cured).In conclusion, only Options 1 and 2 can be tested through experimental procedures.
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Which of the following is NOT a dosage form?
Answer:
No c Inglés
Explanation:
Tengo 4 años looooool
B is dominant for black fur over b for white fur. Cross two rabbits, heterozygous for fur color.
Answer:
Parental cross: Bb x Bb
F1:
- Expected phenotypic ratio: 3/4 black fur (B_); 1/4 white fur (bb) >> 3:1
- Expected genotypic ratio: 1/4 BB; 1/2 Bb; 1/4 bb >> 1:2:1
Explanation:
A gene variant or 'allele' is dominant when it completely masks the presence of the other allele called recessive in individuals that are heterozygous for that gene. In this case, the allele 'B' associated with the black fur phenotype exhibits complete dominance on the allele 'b' associated with the white fur phenotype. In consequence, the mating between two heterozygous (Bb) parents will produce an F1 generation with an expected phenotypic ratio for the fur trait of 3:1, i.e., 3 black fur individuals (B_ genotype) and 1 white fur individual (bb genotype), and an expected genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 among BB, Bb and bb genotypes.
State the names of two substances produced by photosynthesis.
Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose from simple inorganic molecules - carbon dioxide and water - using light.
Explanation:
Examples of photosynthetic organisms include:
Plants.
Algae (Diatoms, Phytoplankton, Green Algae)
Euglena.
Bacteria (Cyanobacteria and Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria)
EXPERIMENT 2: Suppose starch would eventually be converted to simple sugars in the absence of amylase. Approximately how long would your experiment have taken if you did not use amylase
Answer: 5years
Explanation: Breaking down of starch into simple sugar without the deployment of amylase to act on it will take a long period of time (as long as 5years).
Enzyme Amylase saves us a lot of time in converting starch into simple sugars. Instead of taking up to years, Amylase only requires about 10minutes to get the job done. It does this by hydrolyzing starch into maltose, glucose, shorter polysaccharides, and dextrins.
Complete each sentence regarding the bones of the lower extremity. Then place the sentences in order, based on the bones, from proximal to distal .
tarsals
15
14
6
humerus
5
patella
femur
phalanges
tibia
7
8
fibula
metatarsals
i. There are 2 bones in the lower leg. The________ is more medial, and the________ is more lateral
ii. There are________ small bones of the toes that are called the__________
iii. There are ________irregular shaped bones in the foot known as the _________
iv. The ________is also known knee cap
v. There are __________small, long bones found in the top of the foot called _________
vi. The __________is found in the thigh .
i. There are 2 bones in the lower leg. The fibula is more lateral and the tibia is more medial.
ii. There are 5 small, long bones present in the top of the foot that are metatarsals.
iii. There are 7 irregular-shaped bones in the foot known as the tarsals.
iv. The patella is also called a knee cap.
v. There are 14 small bones of the toes that are called the phalanges.
vi. The femur is present in the thigh.
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Answer:
Complete the following problems using the equation:
Students are not required to memorize this formula but must know the meaning of the symbols:
D = diversity index
N = total number of organisms of all species found
Σ = the sum of
n = number of individuals of a particular species
D is a measure of species richness. A high value of D suggests a stable and ancient site, and a low value of D could suggest pollution, recent colonization or agricultural management. The index is normally used in studies of vegetation but can also be applied to comparisons of animal (or even all species) diversity.
Example: A lake contains 934 brown trout, 733 smallmouth bass, 34 catfish, 2003 carp,
234 steelheads, and 32 northern pikes.
Fish
Number (n)
n(n-1)
Brown Trout
934
934 x (934-1) = 871422
Smallmouth Bass
733
733 x (732) = 536556
Catfish
34
34 x (33) = 1122
Carp
2003
2003 x (2002)=4010006
Steelheads
234
234 x (233)=54522
Northern Pike
32
32 x (31)=992
Total (N)
3970
= 5 474 620
= 3970 x 3969 = 15 756 930
D = = 2.88
Simpson’s Diversity Index – Practice Problems
When comparing two or more samples, the location with the larger D has a greater amount of diversity. Note that a higher total population does not indicate higher diversity.
An area of the Black Forest in Germany contains 134 pitch pines, 24 douglas firs, and 53 red pines.
A meadow contains 1532 chestnut oaks, 342 black cherry trees, 12 white ash trees, and 1022 yellow birches.
Your backyard contains 12 fleas, 34 aphids, 84 ants, 93 beetles, and 1 butterfly.
An African National Park contains 15 lions, 94 giraffes, 1000 wildebeests, 50 elephants, and 5 hyenas.
Mindo (a city in Ecuador) has 832 toucans, 392 red headed barbets, 3 golden headed quetzals, 500 tanagers, 899 parrots, and 50 white capped dippers.
Answer the following questions in your workbook:
Calculate Simpson’s diversity index for each location. Include the table in your workbook.
Distinguish the differences in diversity between two locations listed above.
Explain what may lead to those differences.
Outline the significance of the Simpson’s Diversity Index. You may refer to the following online resource and your textbook to help outline your ideas - http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/simpsons.htm
AL COMPRAR UN PRODUCTO NOS REBAJAN UN 8% PAGUE 48.000 EUROS . ¿CUÁL ERA EL PRECIO ORIGINAL?
Answer:
V.O = 52.174.
Explanation:
¡Hola!
En este caso, considerando la información dada, es posible para nosotros inferir que al haber una rebaja del 8%, pagamos solamente el 92% del valor original del producto, esto quiere decir que debemos dividir el valor pagado, €48.000, por 0.92 con el fin de conocer dicho precio original:
[tex]V.O=\frac{48.000}{0.92}\\\\V.O=52.174[/tex]
¡Saludos!
If you are pushing on a box with
5N, and the box pushes back 5N,
what would the net force be?.
ΑΟ
A. ON
B. 25N
C. 10N
The correct answer is A. 0N, as there is no net force acting on the box.
The net force in this scenario can be determined by calculating the difference between the applied force and the opposing force. In this case, if you are pushing on a box with a force of 5N, and the box pushes back with an equal force of 5N, the net force would be zero.
Net force is the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object. In this situation, the applied force of 5N is countered by the opposing force of 5N exerted by the box. Since the forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, they cancel each other out.
When the net force is zero, it means that the forces are balanced, resulting in no acceleration or movement of the object. The box would remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity if it was already in motion.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. 0N, as there is no net force acting on the box.
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A map that shows the distribution of white tailed deer in the northeastern US would be a(n)
map.
A. ordnance survey
OB. geologic
OC. environmental
OD. biogeographic
Reset Selection
Answer:
Biogeographic
Explanation:
The analysis of the geographic distribution of species, creatures, and other living things is known as biogeography. It's not only about habitation variations; it's also about the variables that cause differences in distribution.
Distribution of white tailed deer is an example of biogeography or Biogeographic research.
When the ATP synthase molecules are open, the hydrogen ions move out of
the thylakoid. How does the cell use the kinetic energy of the moving ions?
Answer:
the cell uses the kinetic energy of the moving ions by cleating throughout the origin.
Explanation:
Answer:
To combine ADP with a phosphate group to produce ATP
Explanation:
During electron transport, energy is used.
what do biopsies do you believe showed normal cells? how are these cells different from the cancerous cells?
Answer:
Biopsies are done to detect cancerous cells.
In biopsy, a piece of suspected tissue cut in thin sections is stained and examined under microscope.
Normal cells shows the property of contact inhibition
Whereas cancerous cells appears to have lost this property. And they multiply rapidly giving rise to masses of cells called tumour cells.
la energía fotovoltaica emite gases de efecto invernadero?
Answer:
La energía solar fotovoltaica no emite gases tóxicos ni contaminantes, no produce residuos ni tampoco contamina el agua, por lo que su utilización para generar electricidad contribuye de forma efectiva para reducir el calentamiento global.
The brain is formed by a variety of nervous tissues and connective tissues. The tissues are highly organized and work together to complete a variety of tasks.
How is the brain classified?
Answer:
the answer should be B.organ! but if not then it might be organ system
hope this helps!
Explanation:
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objects and conditions that are moving are easier to observe, because our senses are especially good at noticing changes in our environment. which conditions does not fit into a moving category?
Why is the temperature at the extremities, such as the fingers,
sometimes colder than the core body temperature?
O A. So that less energy is lost in cold environments.
OB. The fingers need to be colder to protect the durability of the nails.
C. The fingers do not have thermoregulation mechanisms.
D. So that more energy is lost in cold environments.
Answer:
A. so that less energy is lost in cold environments.
Explanation:
When it’s cold outside, your body makes sure to keep the blood flowing to your core and vital organs to keep them warm. This can change the amount of blood flow to your hands and feet, making them feel cold. This is normal. The blood vessels in your hands and feet constrict (spasm) when it’s cold, to prevent heat loss from your core
1 point
DNA is characterized by a single helix and ribose sugars.
O True
False
which body system makes red blood cells?
A. single celled
B. multi celled
C. plant cell
D. animal cell
E. tissue
F. respiratory
G. transport system
H. nervous
I. digestive
J. muscular
K. skeletal
L. circulatory
M. cells
N. specialized
O. nutrients
P. grow
Q. respire
Answer:
In the human adult, the bone marrow produces all of the red blood cells, 60–70 percent of the white cells (i.e., the granulocytes), and all of the platelets. The lymphatic tissues, particularly the thymus, the spleen, and the lymph nodes, produce the lymphocytes (comprising 20–30 percent of the white cells).
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow, the soft fatty tissue inside bone cavities. Two types of white blood cells, T and B cells (lymphocytes), are also produced in the lymph nodes and spleen, and T cells are produced and mature in the thymus gland.
atural selection depends upon the fact that
reproduction of all members of a species is virtually the same.
acquired characteristics are inherited.
some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring.
mutations are always harmful.
the strong always survive, whereas the weak always die.
Answer:
The strong always survive, whereas the weak always die.
Explanation:
Natural selection is also called "Survival of the fittest".
A is wrong
B could be the answer but E makes more sense.
C true, but that's not what natural selection is about.
D not true mutations aren't always harmful, I gave a full detailed answer on that I think.
E that's basically survival of the fittest so I think it's right.
If this helped you, please mark me brainliest.
Most of earths water______.
Answer:
contains salt
Explanation:
Why do some marine scientists specialize in single-celled organisms?
a) There are very few species to choose from.
b) Single-celled organisms are the least understood in the ocean.
c)
Many of them are poisonous, so they endanger other creatures.
d) Single-celled organisms form the foundation of life in the ocean.
Answer:
it's option D
Explanation:
scientist specialize in that area because single celled organisms form the basis of evolution. According to the scientist the first living thing on Earth were the single celled organisms.
Answer:
single-celled organisms are the least understood in the ocean
*Which of the following are all direct methods of flood contro
a. soil conservation, dams, artificial levees
b. dams, artificial levees, overflow channels
C. floodplains, artificial levees, dams
d. dams, overflow channels, soil conservation
science
the imaginary lines which divide the earth into areas of 15º are called
[tex]\huge\colorbox{purple}A\colorbox{blue}n\colorbox{purple}s\colorbox{blue}w\colorbox{purple}e\colorbox{blue}r [/tex]
[tex]\color{red}{⚠TheQueenNoNeedAKing⚠} [/tex]
[tex]\color{Violet}\rm{Answer:}[/tex]
longitude lines
longitude lines. Imaginary lines, also called meridians, running vertically around the globe. Unlike latitude lines, longitude lines are not parallel. Meridians meet at the poles and are widest apart at the equator. Zero degrees longitude (0) is called the prime meridian.[tex]\color{Violet}\rm{☘︎Hopeithelps!}[/tex]
__________________________________
“But you, my Lord, are a God of compassion and mercy; you are very patient and full of faithful love.” — Psalm 86:15 ❤__________________________________
Photosynthesis and ________ create a cycle.
They create a cycle because the products of photosynthesis become the __________of cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration is important because
it converts __________
into usable energy for the body.
Photosynthesis is
important because it provides the atmosphere with ___________
and gives glucose to other orgamisms.
This makes ______producers
that give energy to _______.
Word Bank:
reactants
Carbon Dioxide
oxygen
glucose
heterotrophs
consumers
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
cellular respiration
ATP
ADP
Water
Answer:
Photosynthesis and ___cellular respiration_____ create a cycle.
They create a cycle because the products of photosynthesis become the __reactants________of cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration is important because it converts __glucose________ into usable energy for the body.
Photosynthesis is
important because it provides the atmosphere with ___oxygen________
and gives glucose to other orgamisms.
This makes __autotrophs____producers that give energy to ___consumers____.
A researcher dried a feedstuff and determined that it contained 10 percent moisture. he took 1 gram (dry) of it and combusted it in the bomb calorimeter. the calorimeter contains 1 kg of water. The temperature was raised 2.7 degrees centigrade. Two kilograms (2000 grams) of dry matter of the material was fed to a pig each day for several days. the fecal collections of the pig averaged 200 grams dried per day for the last few days. the feedstuff analyzed 2.41 percent nitrogen (dry basis); the feces (dry basis) analyzed 4.6 percent nitrogen. (hint: the feedstuff contained _____ grams protein, the feces contained _____ grams protein.)
Answer:
Explanation:
The objective of the information given is to calculate the apparent digestible dry matter present in the feedstuff(%) and the apparent digestibility of the protein?
From the given information:
The apparent digestible dry matter present is:
[tex]=\dfrac{ (\text{Dry matter fed to the pig} - \text{Fecal matter of the pig} )}{\text{Dry matter fed to the pig}} \times 100 \%[/tex]
where;
Dry matter fed to the pig = 2kg = 2000 g
Fecal matter of the pig = 200
∴
The apparent digestible dry matter present = [tex]\dfrac{2000-200}{2000}\times 100\%[/tex]
[tex]=\dfrac{1800}{2000}\times 100\%[/tex]
= 90
Amount of Nitrogen(i.e. the protein) content present in the feedstuff = 2.41%
i.e.
2.41 g/100 g OR 48.2 g/2000 g feed
Amount of protein present in feces = 4.6% (4.6 g/100 g OR 9.2g/200g of feed)
∴
apparent digestibility of the protein is:[tex]=\dfrac{\text{Amount in feed }- \text{Amount in feces}}{\text{Amount in feed }}\times 100[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{(48.2 - 9.2)}{48.2}\times 100[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{39}{48.2}\times 100[/tex]
= 81%