Name and explain each lymph organ.

Explanation:

What are the organs of the immune system?

Publication Details

Our immune system is made up of both individual cells and proteins as well as entire organs and organ systems. The organs of the immune system include skin and mucous membranes, and the organs of the lymphatic system too.

Organs that function as barriers

Your skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against germs entering from outside the body. They act as a physical barrier with support from the following:

Antibacterial substances can kill germs right from the start. A certain enzyme found in saliva, the airways and tear fluid destroys the cell walls of bacteria.

Mucus in the bronchi helps trap many of the germs we breathe in so they can be moved out of the airways by hair-like structures called cilia.

Stomach acid stops most of the germs that enter the body in the food we eat.

Harmless bacteria on our skin and many of the mucous membranes in our body also act as part of the immune system.

In addition, the reflexes that cause us to cough and sneeze help to free our airways of germs.

Illustration: The parts of the immune system

The parts of the immune system

Lymphoid organs

The lymphatic system is composed of:

Primary lymphoid organs: These organs include the bone marrow and the thymus. They create special immune system cells called lymphocytes.

Secondary lymphoid organs: These organs include the lymph nodes, the spleen, the tonsils and certain tissue in various mucous membrane layers in the body (for instance in the bowel). It is in these organs where the cells of the immune system do their actual job of fighting off germs and foreign substances.

Bone marrow

Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue found inside the bones. That is where most immune system cells are produced and then also multiply. These cells move to other organs and tissues through the blood. At birth, many bones contain red bone marrow, which actively creates immune system cells. Over the course of our life, more and more red bone marrow turns into fatty tissue. In adulthood, only a few of our bones still contain red bone marrow, including the ribs, breastbone and the pelvis.

Thymus

The thymus is located behind the breastbone above the heart. This gland-like organ reaches full maturity only in children, and is then slowly transformed to fatty tissue. Special types of immune system cells called thymus cell lymphocytes (T cells) mature in the thymus. Among other tasks, these cells coordinate the processes of the innate and adaptive immune systems. T cells move through the body and constantly monitor the surfaces of all cells for changes.

Lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped tissues found along the lymphatic vessels. The lymph nodes act as filters. Various immune system cells trap germs in the lymph nodes and activate the creation of special antibodies in the blood. Swollen or painful lymph nodes are a sign that the immune system is active, for example to fight an infection.

Spleen

The spleen is located in the left upper abdomen, beneath the diaphragm, and is responsible for different kinds of jobs:

It stores various immune system cells. When needed, they move through the blood to other organs. Scavenger cells (phagocytes) in the spleen act as a filter for germs that get into the bloodstream.

It breaks down red blood cells (erythrocytes).

It stores and breaks down platelets (thrombocytes), which are responsible for the clotting of blood, among other things.

There is always a lot of blood flowing through the spleen tissue. At the same time this tissue is very soft. In the event of severe injury, for example in an accident, the spleen may rupture easily. Surgery is then usually necessary because otherwise there is a danger of bleeding to death. If the spleen needs to be removed completely, other immune system organs can carry out its roles.

What is toxicity testing? (3 sentences or longer)

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А Plantae
B Fungi
C Protista
D Animalia​

two of the four principal classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. what is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?

In meiosis 4 cells are created and are unique. What process causes this genetic variation?

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ozone
mercury
smog
carbon monoxide

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the cell shown in the diagram is ?

PLS PLS HELP

An area surrounded by tall mountains contains a very large, isolated population of green and white peacocks. During the mating season, the male peacocks demonstrate flashy feather displays to attract females, who usually choose green peacocks over white ones. A biology student tabulates the following information.

Genotype

Plumage Color % of Population Allele Controlled Phenotype
FF or Ff
Dark green

84%

F (dominant)

Dark green plumage

ff
White

16%
f (recessive)

White plumage
Using this information, the student plans to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to predict the allele frequencies in future peacock generations. Why would her research advisor have a problem with this? (2 points)

Group of answer choices

The student needs the percent of the population with the Ff genotype in order to find the F frequency.

Her research advisor would first want her to find the males' mating success rate for the calculations.

The peacocks are sexually selective when choosing mates, so future allele frequencies may drift.

Since the peacock population is isolated, its alleles would shift away from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

What is the number of individuals in an area of a specific size?

Which of the following statements best explains the structure and importance of plasmids to prokaryotes?
Plasmids are circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that transfer Information from the prokaryotic chromosome to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
B
Plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that provide genes that may aid in survival of the prokaryotic cell.
с
Plasmids are single-stranded DNA molecules, which are replicated from the prokaryotic chromosome, that prevent viral reproduction within the prokaryotic cell.
D
Plasmids are double-stranded RNA molecules that are transmitted by conjugation that enable other prokaryotic cells
acquire useful genes.

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b. The theory about how our Solar System was formed
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I need help with this question (no links please) ​

cual es el proceso de la fotosintesis

give correct procedure of activities carried out in an experiment to investigate soil drainage​

I neeed please ASAP

Some viruses replicate via the lytic cycle by

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A. Replication
B. Protein synthesis
C. Photosynthesis
D. Cell respiration

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Facilitated diffusion

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animals.

The person whose karyotype is shown below which has which disorder?​

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Recently two follow-up studies of mortality among licensed pesticide applicators were published in the occupational health literature. One study from Florida found an overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.80 and excess deaths due to leukemia, cancers of the brain, and lung cancer. A second study, based in Iowa, found an overall SMR of 1.20 and an elevated SMR for lung cancer only. The mortality statistics for the respective states were used for comparison purposes.

A. Is there reason for concern? Why or why not?



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Which of these contributors will transfer the greatest amount of carbon into the atmosphere while reabsorbing the least amount of carbon from the atmosphere?
A. the ocean
B. changing land use
C. vegetation and soil
D. fossil fuels and industry