In an atom that has lost an electron, the place vacated by the free electron is referred to as a(n)

Many of these, including cheese, gelatin, and various inks, are commonplace. Like the other classes, mixtures of solids and liquids may be separated in many ways.

science has been actively involved in the pursuit of this goal since it is crucial for a variety of liquids. When two or more distinct substances physically join, a mixture is produced that can be dispersed back into its constituent parts. a bowl of various candies, a pile of various leaves, steel, and sugar syrup A gelatin is any two or more different types of particles together. These particles are physically bound together rather than reacting chemically with one another. Two or more reactants are changed into one or more separate products during a chemical reaction. Alternately, we might assume that a chemical reaction rearranges the atoms of the reactants to create new products.

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Answer:

a.LiF

b.BeO

c.MgF2

d.AlCl3

e.Be3N2

Explanation:

So, the main thing with chemical formulas is making sure that the cation and anion's charges will cancel out if you add the total sum of charges together.

For A, halogens only form -1 charge ions, so F will have to be F-. Lithium, being a group 1 element, will form an ion of Na+. Therefore, the formula is NaF.

For B, Beryllium is a Group 2 element that forms +2 charges, while Group 16 elements like O form -2 charges. Therefore, BeO would work as the sum of charges will equal zero.

For C, Magnesium is a Group 2 element, so it has a +2 ion, while fluorine is a halogen, so a -1 charge for the F- ion. So, you need two F- ions to balance out one Mg2+ ion. So, it is MgF2

For D, Aluminum is a Group 13 element, which can form +3 charges. Therefore, Al can form a +3 charge, so that means for Cl- (recall it is a halogen,) it needs three Cl- ions to cancel one Al3+ ion. So, it is AlCl3.

For E, Group 15 elements like N form -3 ions, so the ion for nitrogen is N3-. Beryllium is a Group 2 element, so it is Be2+. The common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6, so you need to find a way to have a +6 and -6 charge. So, three Be2+ ions (totaling a net charge of +6) need to cancel with two N3- ions (again a net charge of -6) to form the compound. Therefore, it is Be3N2.

A ring stand is used to hold glassware devices during laboratory procedures.

Ring stands and accessories can make your lab experiments much easier if you are studying chemistry or physics.
        A ring stand and its accessories are versatile pieces of equipment that will improve your hands-on activities by allowing you to conveniently heat beakers, flasks, test tubes, and other glassware over an alcohol burner, as well as set up physics apparatus such as moveable pulleys and inclined planes.
        Each accessory is supported by a heavy base and an upright rod on the ring stand. To support additional equipment, a ring support is attached to the stand. Glassware is supported above an alcohol burner by wire gauze resting on the ring. To support funnels, crucibles, and evaporating dishes, the triangle rests on the ring. Burettes and test tubes are held in the burette clamp.

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Chlorine atoms that are present in 0.650 mol of ca(clo4)2 is : 7.83 *10^23.

Mass in grams of 1 mole of the substance is called the molar mass of a substance. We can obtain a substance's molar mass by summing the molar masses of its component atoms. We can use the calculated molar mass to convert between mass and number of moles of a substance.

As we know, one mole of any atom is equivalent to the Avogadro's number or 6.02 x 10²³ particles.

0.650 * 6.023 * 10^23 * 2

= 7.83 *10^23 chlorine atoms.

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The products of the reaction of OCH2CH2OH with excess HBr under heat are: OCH2CH2Br (2-bromoethanol) and BrCH2CH2OH (1-bromo-1-propanol)

The mechanism for the reaction of OCH2CH2OH with excess HBr under heat is a multi-step process that involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Step 1: Protonation of the oxygen atom in OCH2CH2OH by HBr to form a good leaving group (OH) and a carbocation intermediate.

Step 2: Bromine atom from HBr attacks the positively charged carbon of the carbocation intermediate to form a covalent bond, resulting in the formation of intermediate compound.Step 3: Deprotonation of the intermediate compound by the remaining hydroxyl group to give OCH2CH2Br (2-bromoethanol) and HBr

Step 4: the HBr molecule from the step 3 could protonate another molecule of OCH2CH2OH and repeat the step 1 to 3 to form BrCH2CH2Br (1-bromo-1-propanol) as second product.

Overall, the reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction, with HBr as the electrophile and the oxygen atom of the alcohol as the nucleophile.

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The name of most reactive non-metal element on the periodic table is fluorine

Fluorine is the nonmetal in the periodic table that is the most reactive.

On the Pauling scale, it has the highest electronegativity of any element (3.98). Fluorine is a highly reactive, diatomic gas that may mix with practically every other element to form compounds that have entirely different properties from either of the original components. The boiling point of fluorine is -188 °C (-310 °F).

Hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride gas are produced during the reaction with water: HF + H₂O ⇒H⁺ + HF + OH.

Chemical elements are shown on a periodic table in order of their atomic number. The classification of elements and their relationships to one another can be understood using the periodic table.

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Equation I cannot be divided by another factor as it will introduce errors in the equation.

Errors in chemical analysis result when there is a difference between observed value and the true value.If the magnitude of errors is large , it results in decrease in accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.

There are three types of errors:1) random error 2) systematic error 3) human error.The cause of random errors are difficult to quantify while the human errors can be minimized by taking a range of readings to reduce the error.

Errors while measuring boiling point may be human errors while noting down the boiling temperature or instrumental or systematic error if there is a fault in the thermometer.

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Propanol, because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Reason:

Therefore, propanol is more soluble in water than Ethane.

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Answer:

It can be done by crystallization, filtration, and sublimation. The easiest method among the three is separation by sublimation. Ammonium chloride sublimes upon heating. Actually, the sublimation is a decomposition of ammonium chloride forming ammonia and hydrogen chloride

Explanation:

The  E0cell for the halfcell that we have in the question is 3.73 V.

We have to know that the cell potential as we know it has to do with the electrical potential that is involved when we have the oxidation or the reduction of a given specie. In the case of what we have here, we have the cells that are composed of magnesium and chlorine and we want to find the electrode potential of the cells.

We must note that the basis that we can be able to use to find the electrode potential of the cell is the standard hydrogen electrode which has been assigned the value of about 0.00 V and all of the other cell potentials that we have can now be measured against this standard that has been fixed.

We have;

Magnesium half cell= -2.37 V

Chlorine half cell = + 1.36 V

Then we have;

E0cell = + 1.36 - (-2.37)

= 3.73 V

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57.5% Cu2(CO3)(OH) (OH) Other elements are also present in addition to copper.

To get the mass percent of copper in malachite (Cu2(OH)2CO3), apply the following formula:

Malachite (Cu2(OH)2CO3) has a molar mass of 2x63.5% + 2(16+1) + 12 + (16x3) = 127 + 2(17) + 12 + 48 = 127 + 34 + 12 + 48 = 221g/mol.

Cu2(OH)2CO3 has a Cu mass of 2 x 63.5g, or 127g.

The mass-based fraction of Cu in Cu2(OH)2CO3 is calculated as Cu2(OH)2CO3 mass per mol mass multiplied by 100 = 127/221 x 100 = 57.5%.

Malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3 has 57.5% of its mass in copper.

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Irony is a mismatch between what is expected and what actually occurs. These literary methods aid in the creation of dramatic effects in writing.

Irony is a disconnect between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. These types of literary devices help in creating a dramatic effect in literature.

Irony is a literary device which was used extensively in Greek tragedy. It involves expressing the meaning of something by making use of words which technically mean the opposite of the original thing being conveyed.

Irony is used for a dramatic or humorous effect.  There are three types of irony seen in literature as follows:

• Verbal Irony  

• Situational Irony  

• Dramatic Irony  

Verbal irony involves the usage of different words to mean something dissimilar to what they look like they actually mean.  

Situational Irony means that what happens is totally different from what was expected to be happening.

Dramatic Irony occurs in plays, etc. where the audience or the readers are more aware of what is actually going on as compared to the character in the scene.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to atom and its discoveries. Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Atom is the smallest particle of any element, molecule or compound. Atom can not be further divided. Atoms contains nucleus in its center and electron that revolve around the atom in fixed orbit.

In the nucleus, proton and neutron are present. Electron has -1 charge while proton has +1 charge. Neutron is neutral that is it has no charge. So overall the charge of nucleus is due to only proton, not by neutron. Electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

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The amount of hydrogen monochloride that is produced at STP is 152 mL.

The balanced chemical reaction can be depicted as follows:

H₂ + Cl₂ -----> 2 HCl

According to stoichiometry, When one mole of hydrogen reacts with one mole of chlorine, it yields two moles of hydrogen monochloride. Stoichiometry defines the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products before, during, and following chemical reactions

If, 2 g of Hydrogen reacts with 71 g of chlorine to form 73 g of Hydrogen Chloride.

Therefore,  if 10 g reacts with 142 g of chlorine, the HCl produced will be 152 g or 152 ml of HCl.

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In the E2 mechanism, the rate of the reaction is affected by the strength of the bond between the leaving group and the carbon atom, as well as the stability of the resulting carbocation intermediate.

The order of the leaving groups in terms of increasing reaction rate would be:

Slowest: R-F

R-F is a relatively weak bond and the fluoride ion is a very poor leaving group, so the reaction rate would be slow.

R-Br

R-Cl

R-I

Fastest: R-I

R-I is a relatively strong bond and the iodide ion is a very good leaving group, so the reaction rate would be fastest.

R-Cl

R-Br

In short, the stability of the leaving group decreases as the atomic number of the atom increases, and the bond dissociation energy of the leaving group also decreases. So, it is Iodide>Chloride>Bromide>Fluoride.

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Answer: It is a Covalent Bond

Explanation:

In a chlorine molecule, the atoms bonded by a covalent bond as a chlorine atom needs one electron to complete its octet and shares one electron with another chlorine atom.

Answer:

mono covalent bonds

Explanation:

Cl shares 1 electron with another Cl atom

so it makes Cl2 a mono covalent compound

Normal

BeI2 + SrSO4 → SrI2 + BeSO4

Complete ionic:

Be2+ + 2I- + Sr2+ + SO42- → Sr2+ + 2I- + Be2+ + SO42-

Net ionic:

Be2+ + 2I- → Sr2+ + 2I- + Be2+

The complete ionic equation for this reaction is the same as the normal equation, except that the reactants and products are written as their respective ions.

The net ionic equation is the same as the complete ionic equation, except that the spectator ions, which are ions that appear on both the reactant and product sides, are omitted.

In this reaction, strontium sulfate and beryllium iodide react to form strontium iodide and beryllium sulfate. The spectator ions are Sr2+ and 2I-, which appear on both sides of the equation and cancel out, leaving the net ionic equation.

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The leftovers of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] will be 6 moles while the leftover of [tex]O_2[/tex] will be zero.

In the originally balanced equation of the reaction, 2 moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] and 5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] react completely to produce 4 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and 2 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]. This equation is balanced with no reactant left.

Now, 8 moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] were made to react with 5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] in the second reaction. The mole ratio of the two reactants for complete reactions is 2:5. Thus, [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] has been supplied in excess.

Since only 5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] is available, only 2 moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] will be consumed. Thus, 6 moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] will be left while the oxygen will be completely consumed. That is, the amount of [tex]O_2[/tex] left would be zero.

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a) The change in concentration of each reactant and product as a function of reaction rate is − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt.

b) The rate as to how fast is [HI] decreasing is 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

A chemical reaction is the process by which a single or more reactants change into a single or more new products. Chemical building blocks or compounds make up substances.

Given balance chemical reaction,

H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2HI(g)

a) The rate of reaction in terms of the change in concentration of each reactants & products is

Rate = − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt

b)  where 2, 1, 1 and stoichiometric coefficients of HI, H₂ and I₂ respectively.

where - sign indicates consumption and + ve sign indicates formation

given d[I₂]/dt =2

-d[HI]/2dt= 2

-d[HI]/dt = 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

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Thermal energy increases before the water begins to boil.

Thermal energy is produced when the atoms and molecules in matter vibrate faster due to an increase in temperature. As the average kinetic energy of its particles increases, the thermal energy of the object increases.

After reaching water at its boiling point thermal energy remain same because temperature remain constant after reaching once at boiling point. Thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature. Hence, chef will notice two phenomena during water begins to boil.

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The type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by number of unpaired electrons.

The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell because covalent bond is equal to a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. When electrons are shared among atoms, they make a bond known as a covalent bond. Because atoms are sharing one pair of electrons, this covalent bond is known as a single bond. These atoms can do the equal aspect that the H atoms did; they proportion their unpaired electrons to make a covalent bond.

Thus, the number of unpaired electrons is useful in the type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds.

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When a sample of a substance was heated strongly in a crucible, the sample increased in mass. This is evidence that a chemical change has taken place.

In a closed system, when no heat or energy is applied, the mass of a substance will remain the same. But, when heated at high temperatures, the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance increase due to which the particles will move faster, and collide with each other and take up more space. There will be transfer of energy due to application of heat. As a result of this the mass of the sample also increases.

Hence, option D is correct

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A 16. 81 gram sample of an organic compound containing C, H and O is analyzed by combustion analysis and 21. 33 grams of CO₂ and 5. 822 grams of H₂O are produced. In a separate experiment, the molar mass is found to be 104. 1 g/mol.  The empirical formula is CH₃   and molecular formula is C₇H₇O₂₁

The empirical formula can be calculate as follows:

The reaction can be write

CxHyOz  → CO₂ + H₂O

As a result, we may state that there are two O-atoms for every one C-atom (12g) in CO2 (32g).

This indicates that the ratio is 12g C/32g O.

The molar mass of CO₂ is 44 g/mole.

(12/44) x 33 = 9 g

There are 9 grams of carbon in every 33 grams of CO₂

The same can be done for water:

In H₂O, each element is represented by two H atoms and one O atom. 2 g H and 16 g O.

[2 g H / 18 g H2O] are present in 5. 822 g of water

(2/18)x 5.822= 0.6468 g

The initial sample had 14.16 g of sample, 9 g of C, and 0.6468 g of H, which resulted in 34.3532g of oxygen.

Determine the amount of moles.

C: 9.0 g / 12.0 g/mol = 0.75 mol

H: 0.6468 g / 1.0 g/mol = 0.6468 mol

O: 34.3532g / 16.0 g/mol =  2.14 mol

Then we divide by the smallest number

C: 0.75 mol / 0.6468 mol = 1

H: 0.6468 mol / 0.6468 mol= 1

O:  2.14 mol/ 0.6468 mol =  3

so the empirical formula will be CH₃

Determine the molecular formula

mass molecular formula / mass of empirical formula = n

We have to multiply the empirical formula by n to get the molecular formula.

104.1 /15 = 7= n

This means the  molecular formula = C₇H₇O₂₁

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All of the elements in group 18 are relatively un-reactive whereas those in group 17 are very reactive because group 18 elements have complete outer shell and group 17 needs only one electron to complete octet.

In the periodic table , the group 18 elements are called as the noble gases. the group 18 elements have the complete octet that mean the complete valence shell and they are stable due to which they are un reactive and also called as inert gases.

In the group 17 , the elements are called as halogens. the group 17 elements have the incomplete outer shell and they only need one electron to complete their octet due to which they are very reactive.

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The simplest formula for a compound is made up of 1.677 grams of iron and 0.640 grams of oxygen would be FeO.

What the question is asking here is the empirical formula of an oxide of iron made up of 1.677 grams of iron and 0.640 grams of oxygen. The empirical formula shows the formula in the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms.

Iron (Fe) = 1.677 grams

Oxygen (O) = 0.640 grams

Converting the masses to moles:

Fe = 1.677/56 = 0.0299 mol

O = 0.640/16 = 0.0400 mol

Now, let's divide by the smallest mole:

Fe = 0.0299/0.0299 = 1.0

O = 0.0400/0.0299 = 1.3

Thus, the empirical formula of the oxide of iron is FeO.

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The number of hydrogen ions, H⁺, that are there in a solution at a

the pH of  2 than in a solution at a pH of 6 is 1000 or 10⁴.

The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm in base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

pH = - log [H⁺]

Hence, the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution whose pH is given is determined using the formula given below as follows:

[tex][H^{+}] = 10^{-pH}[/tex]

For the solution of pH of 2

[H⁺] = 10⁻²

[H⁺] = 0.01 M

For the solution of pH of 6

[H⁺] = 10⁻⁶

[H⁺] = 0.000001 M

The ratio of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solutions will be:

Ratio of hydrogen ions = 0.01 / 0.000001 M

Ratio of hydrogen ions = 10000 or 10⁴

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The phase and temperature changes that will occur if you heat 50.0 g of H2O in its solid state at -8 C until it all vaporizes is that the solid H2O will transition to a liquid state at 0 C and then to a vapor at 100 C.

Vapor is an aerosolized suspension of tiny liquid particles that are released into the air. It is made up of a mixture of water and other chemicals, such as nicotine, propylene glycol, and other flavorings. Vapor is produced when heated liquid, such as e-liquid, is turned into a vapor. This vapor can be inhaled and exhaled in a manner similar to smoking a traditional cigarette, which is why vapor has become an alternative to traditional smoking.

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Answer:

Benzene is a hydrocarbon with molecular formula of C6 H12 including 3πbond which are rotating

benzene is also a aromatic but ethene is not a aromatic

Explanation:

Answer: No, one mole of benzene (C6H6) and one mole of ethene (C2H4) will have the same number of molecules (6.02x10^23 benzene molecules and 6.02x10^23 molecules of ethene). However, one molecule of benzene consists of 12 atoms, while one molecule of ethene consists of 6 atoms.

If 87 grams of K₂SO₄ is dissolved in enough water to make 250 milliliters of solution,  the concentrations of the potassium [K⁺] is 4 M and the sulfate ions [SO₄²⁻] is 2 M.

The molar mass of the  K₂SO₄ = 174 g/mol

The mass of the  K₂SO₄ = 87 g

the moles of the  K₂SO₄ = 87 / 174

                                         = 0.50 mol

moles of K⁺ = 0.50 × 2

                    = 1 mol

moles of SO₄²⁻ = 0.50 × 1

                          = 0.50

The concentration of [K⁺] = 1 / 0.250 = 4 M

The concentration of [SO₄²⁻] =  0.50 / 0.250 = 2 M

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