How did Mikhail Gorbachev contribute to the fall of Soviet communism in the USSR and Eastern Europe?

Answer:

Explanation:

The answer is (B) The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society. The "weakening of the conservative principle" implies a shift away from traditional or established political structures and beliefs, and towards more progressive or liberal ideas. The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 was a significant example of this trend, as it saw the overthrow of the long-ruling Porfirio Díaz and the establishment of a more democratic and egalitarian government. The revolution was led by a coalition of middle-class reformers, landless peasants, and indigenous people who sought to address social, economic, and political inequalities in Mexico. This movement represented a challenge to the conservative status quo, and its success marked a major turning point in Mexican and Latin American history.

Answer:

Stare decisis is a legal principle that refers to the practice of courts adhering to precedent and making decisions based on previous rulings. In the case of Matal v. Tam (2017), stare decisis played a role in determining the outcome because the Court was asked to consider the constitutionality of a provision of the Lanham Act that prohibited the registration of trademarks that were considered disparaging or offensive. The Court's decision was influenced by previous cases, including those that dealt with the First Amendment and the government's ability to regulate speech.

In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Court was asked to consider whether the state of Maryland had the power to tax a branch of the Second Bank of the United States. Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the Court, held that the Constitution granted Congress the power to create a national bank and that Maryland could not interfere with that power. This decision established the principle of federal supremacy, which holds that federal law takes precedence over state law.

Schenck v. U.S. (1919) dealt with the First Amendment and the government's ability to regulate speech during wartime. In this case, the Court upheld the conviction of Charles Schenck, who had been charged with violating the Espionage Act by distributing anti-war pamphlets. The Court held that speech could be restricted if it posed a "clear and present danger" to the country.

In Matal v. Tam (2017), the Court was asked to consider whether the Lanham Act's prohibition on disparaging trademarks violated the First Amendment. The Court held that it did, relying on the principle of stare decisis and previous cases dealing with the First Amendment and government regulation of speech. The Court noted that the principle of federal supremacy established in McCulloch v. Maryland applied to the First Amendment as well, and that the government could not restrict speech simply because it found it offensive or disparaging.

Overall, the role of stare decisis in Matal v. Tam was to provide a framework for the Court's decision-making process and to ensure that previous rulings were taken into account when making decisions about the constitutionality of laws and regulations.

federalism

because it goes through many laws through president if one of them don't like it they can give it a decline

Ancient Chinese philosophy emphasizes the importance of instilling morality and ethics in individuals from a young age. Confucianism, for example, stresses the value of filial piety, respect for authority figures, and adherence to social norms and conventions.

These teachings have traditionally been imparted through education and reinforced through societal expectations and laws. In the context of schools, this means that students are taught to respect their teachers and fellow classmates, obey rules and regulations, and act with integrity and honesty.

Teachers serve as role models and embody the virtues they expect their students to follow. When these values are ingrained in individuals from a young age, they are more likely to display respectful and law-abiding behavior as adults.

Question is incomplete the complete question is

Why fewer behavior issues in schools and more law-abiding citizens in society.” Ancient Chinese Philosophy

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Answer:

On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory.

The high-flying American spy plane, known as the U-2, was shot down over Soviet airspace in 1960.

This event greatly intensified tensions during the Cold War and ultimately destroyed the Paris Summit, which had been intended to ease relations between the United States and Soviet Union. The U-2 incident highlighted the vulnerability of high-flying reconnaissance missions and further escalated the arms race between the two superpowers.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The idea of aggregate demand was first proposed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" published in 1936.

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Explanation:

Keynes's General Theory

The German banking crisis was crucial to the success of the Nazi party in the elections. It exacerbated the economic downturn in Germany, prompting more extreme voting due to falling incomes.

It likewise expanded the Nazis' prominence straightforwardly. Jakob Goldschmidt, a prominent Jewish banker, was in charge of Danatbank, the financial institution at the heart of the crisis. The Nazi party's focal well established guarantee that "the Jews are [Germany's] misfortune"2 was subsequently apparently borne out by unquestionable reality. We argue that the banking crisis's non-economic effects were crucial to understanding political radicalization. It  present new evidence on the actual effects of the German banking crisis and document the consequences of the crisis for Nazi support and anti-Semitic actions.

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Answer:

A socialist form of government

Explanation:

What is important to know is that the Russian Revolution was a very tough period of political and social revolution that took place in the past Russian Empire and began during World War I. So during this period, after two consecutive revolutions and bloody civil wars, Russia abolished the monarchy and implemented a socialist regime for many political reasons.

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In their essay "Racial Formations," Michael Omi and Howard Winant argue that race is not a fixed or natural category, but rather a social construct that changes over time and across different contexts. They explain that race is quantified through various methods, such as the census, surveys, and official documents, which rely on self-identification or externally imposed categorizations based on physical traits, ancestry, or cultural practices.

The quantification of race has significant consequences for minority groups, as it can reinforce stereotypes, stigmatize certain identities, and perpetuate inequalities. For example, the racial categories used in the census and other official documents can shape political representation, resource allocation, and research priorities. These categories may also obscure or marginalize multiracial or ethnic identities, as well as the experiences of immigrants, refugees, and other groups that do not fit neatly into existing categories.

Furthermore, the quantification of race can also contribute to the internalization of racial hierarchies and the construction of racial identities. Omi and Winant argue that race is not just a matter of individual identity or prejudice, but also a structural feature of society that shapes social relations, institutions, and cultural meanings. By quantifying race, society reinforces the idea that race is a fixed and essential characteristic of individuals, rather than a socially constructed category that reflects historical and political forces. This can have a negative impact on minority groups, who may face discrimination, prejudice, and other forms of marginalization based on their racial identity.

The events described in the excerpt provide evidence of H) a lack of cooperation between the legislative and executive branches.

The occurrence of government shutdowns indicates a lack of cooperation between the legislative and executive branches of the government. In a government shutdown, the two branches fail to reach an agreement on passing a budget or appropriations bills, leading to a temporary halt in government operations.

The shutdowns mentioned in the excerpt occurred during different administrations, suggesting a recurring issue of political gridlock and an inability to cooperate effectively between the branches.

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Answer:

Zipper tube structures

Because the buildings were mobile.

The Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines may have had an impact on the possible Supreme Court's decision in Mahanoy Area School District v. B. L. I in defending student right to free speech.

Tinker v. Des Moines decision by The Supreme Court ensured that constitutional rights of students weren't curtailed within school premises. The possible outcome for Mahanoy Area School District v. B. L case might have been influenced by the Tinker precedent.

Had the court referred to Tinker's standard, it would have concluded that in this specific instance the student's speech didn't violate the First Amendment since it took place off-campus and without substantial interference with school activities.

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Answer:

The government wanted to keep the number of slave and free states equal in order to maintain a balance of power between the Northern and Southern states. At the time, there was a great deal of tension between the North and South over the issue of slavery, and many people feared that if one side had too much political power, it could lead to unrest and potentially even a civil war. By keeping the number of slave and free states equal, the government hoped to prevent one side from gaining too much power and potentially destabilizing the country. This was a delicate balance, however, and it ultimately proved to be unsustainable, as the tensions between the North and South continued to escalate in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Answer:

Webster volunteered for the U.S. Army in 1943. He was assigned as a machine gunner to Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. He made a jump at Fort Benning and completed training at Camp Mackall and Camp Shanks.

The fourth type of drainage pattern is rectangular, which is characterized by streams that flow in straight channels that meet at right angles. This type of pattern is formed in areas with a strong joint or fault system that creates rectangular blocks of rock.

In preparation for the Landscape Evolution by Stream Erosion prelab study session, it is important to understand the different landforms that dictate the four dominant types of drainage patterns.

The first type of drainage pattern is dendritic, which is characterized by a branching network of streams that resemble the branches of a tree. This type of pattern is formed in areas with uniform rock and soil types and gentle slopes.

The second type of drainage pattern is trellis, which is characterized by a parallel network of streams that run perpendicular to a main river channel. This type of pattern is formed in areas with alternating layers of hard and soft rock types and a strong regional slope.

The third type of drainage pattern is radial, which is characterized by streams that flow away from a central point. This type of pattern is formed on isolated mountains or volcanic cones.

The fourth type of drainage pattern is rectangular, which is characterized by streams that flow in straight channels that meet at right angles. This type of pattern is formed in areas with a strong joint or fault system that creates rectangular blocks of rock.

Understanding these different landforms and their influence on drainage patterns is important in understanding landscape evolution by stream erosion.

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Leon Battista Alberti's architecture has some of the purest instances of Renaissance Classicism.

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Africans played diverse and significant roles during the early exploration of the Americas by the Spanish and Portuguese, contributing to various aspects of the European expansion and colonization of the New World.

The list of topic on how Africans assisted the Spanish and the Portuguese during their early exploration of the Americas are:

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Answer:

Document A argues that the political and economic policies of the New Deal had positive long-term effects on the United States. One specific historical event that could support this argument is the role of the New Deal in the country's recovery from the Great Depression. In 1933, when Franklin D. Roosevelt assumed the presidency, the United States was in the depths of an economic depression that had begun in 1929. Roosevelt's New Deal policies, including the creation of government programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Administration, helped put millions of unemployed Americans back to work and stimulated the economy. By 1939, the unemployment rate had fallen from 25% to under 10%, and the economy had started to recover. This recovery continued through the 1940s and was bolstered by the country's participation in World War II, which brought about a massive increase in government spending and industrial production. Thus, the New Deal played a significant role in the country's economic recovery, and this development supports the argument that the policies of the New Deal had positive long-term effects on the United States.

Answer:

With the advent of the Cold War, Judeo-Christianity moved from being an anti-fascist to an anti-communist construct. It helped strengthen anti-communism in America when it was waning elsewhere and was further confirmation of how far the nation had moved from its prewar Protestant-centrism.

Explanation:

Introduction

The Korean War lasted from 1950 to 1953, and it was fought between North Korea and South Korea. The war was a continuation of the political turbulence in Korea that had started after World War II. Korea had been divided into two halves after the war, with the Soviet Union taking control of the northern half, and the United States getting the southern half. This essay will examine the Korean War, its causes, effects, and significance.

Division after World War II

The division of Korea after World War II was the result of a conference that took place at Yalta in February 1945. The Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan within three months of the end of the European conflict. In return, the Soviet Union was granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria and northern Korea. In August 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Six days later, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and Soviet forces entered Korea.

Invasion and Pusan Perimeter

After the division of Korea, tensions were high between North and South. In June 1950, North Korean forces invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War. United Nations forces, mainly led by the United States, intervened in the conflict, aiding the South Koreans. The North Koreans quickly took control of most of the country, with the exception of a small area around the port city of Pusan. The United Nations troops formed a perimeter around the city, known as the Pusan Perimeter. The UN forces were eventually able to push back the North Koreans, and they began to retake the country.

Landing at Inchon

In September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur, commander of the UN forces in Korea, launched a surprise attack on the North Korean forces. MacArthur chose the port of Inchon, which was behind enemy lines, as the landing site. The attack was successful, and the UN forces were able to cut off the North Koreans from their supply lines.

Stalemate on the battlefield and negotiating table

After the landing at Inchon, the UN forces were able to push North Korean troops back across the 38th parallel, which had been established as a dividing line between North and South Korea after World War II. However, China soon entered the conflict on the side of North Korea, and the war quickly became a stalemate. Both sides suffered heavy casualties, and the front lines remained mostly unchanged for the rest of the war.

The negotiating table proved to be as difficult as the battlefield. Talks to end the war began in 1951, but it took two years to reach an armistice agreement. The key issue was the fate of prisoners of war. The North Koreans insisted that all prisoners should be returned to their home country, while the United States insisted on the repatriation of prisoners who did not want to return to communist countries.

Truce, no treaty, remained divided

An armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, and the fighting ceased. However, the two sides continued to be officially at war, since no peace treaty was signed. The armistice created a demilitarized zone (DMZ) that runs along the 38th parallel, separating North and South Korea. The DMZ is heavily guarded, and tensions remain high between the two countries.

Conclusion

The Korean War was a significant event in world history that had consequences that are still felt today. It marked the first time that the United Nations intervened militarily in a conflict, and it demonstrated the limitations of Western military power against the Chinese and Soviet-backed communist forces. It also led to the establishment of the DMZ, which remains a tense and heavily guarded border to this day.

Bibliography:

1. Cumings, Bruce. The Korean War: A History. New York: Modern Library, 2010.

2. Halberstam, David. The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War. New York: Hyperion, 2007.

3. Hastings, Max. The Korean War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

4. Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of the Korean War. New York: Harper Perennial, 1990.

Germany was one of the countries hardest hit by the Great Depression, and a series of events made the situation worse for the German people. Here are some of the key factors that contributed to the worsening of the economic crisis in Germany during the 1930s:

The Treaty of Versailles: Germany was required to pay reparations for World War I under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. The payments were a significant burden on the German economy, and they became increasingly difficult to make as the depression deepened.

The Dawes Plan: In 1924, the Dawes Plan was introduced to help Germany pay its reparations. The plan involved loans from the United States, which helped stabilize the German economy. However, when the depression hit, the United States recalled its loans, causing a crisis in the German banking system.

Agricultural problems: The German economy was heavily reliant on agriculture, and the depression caused a significant drop in agricultural prices. Many farmers were unable to make a living, which led to rural poverty and increased migration to the cities.

Unemployment: The depression caused mass unemployment in Germany, with millions of people out of work. The government was unable to provide adequate support for the unemployed, leading to widespread poverty and hardship.

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Answer: Brinksmanship

Explanation: the definition of brinksmanship is "pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, especially in politics"

The Australian Constitution divides power between three branches of government which are the legislative, the executive and the judicial. This is similar to United State government practice.

The legislative branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, creates laws. The executive branch is led by the Prime Minister and Cabinet who implements and enforces laws. The judicial branch is headed by the High Court of Australia which interprets laws and resolves disputes.

This constitution's doctrine of separation of power helps to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful and ensures system of checks and balances. Each branch of government has its own role which helps to ensure that power is distributed fairly and evenly throughout the Australian political system.

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Answer:

E

Explanation:

Margaret Hamilton, an American PC researcher, is credited with composing the product code that aided land people on the moon. She was working at the Massachusetts Foundation of Innovation (MIT) on the product for NASA's Apollo program.

Hamilton's group fostered a product framework that was intended to be blunder and open-minded, which was basic for the mission's prosperity. During the mission, an admonition light startlingly turned on, showing a PC issue. The product that Hamilton and her group had created had the option to rapidly analyze the issue and keep the mission from being cut off. This was a crucial point in time in the Apollo 11 mission, and Hamilton's product assumed a key part in forestalling a debacle.

Hamilton kept on working in the field of software engineering and programming after the Apollo program. She established her own product organization, Higher Request Programming, which zeroed in on growing new programming dialects and programming improvement apparatuses.

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Answer:

Sixty-six million years ago, dinosaurs had the ultimate bad day. With a devastating asteroid impact, a reign that had lasted 180 million years was abruptly ended.

The Brown v. Board decision says that there should be no segregation among schools due to racial factors. That all rights in schools should be equal. And it was added to the Constitution.

But the constitution in the Brown vs Case didn't include that racial segregation in schools must stop.

The SAQs related to the Brown v. Board decision are mentioned as bek

1. What is the one specific historical impact of this case?

2. Describe the historical event or process that occurred before this case.

3. Explain any one similarity and one difference between this case and the case of Plessy v. Ferguson.

4. Give the similarities and differences between this case and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

5. Write the difference between this case and Executive Order 9981.

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