An indicator of the internal business perspective of the balanced scorecard is employee satisfaction. The balanced scorecard method would incorporate cost-cutting strategies from the perspective of the client. So, C is the best choice.
The four performance measurement axes in a balanced scorecard are customer, internal process, financial, and learning and growth. The "number of new customers" for a specific product would be a performance indicator of the customer perspective.A classic balanced scorecard has four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth.
An organization's capacity to satisfy customer demands and expectations through internal processes, products, and services is measured from the internal process perspective. The internal process perspective can cover everything from customer service and marketing to manufacturing, marketing, and sales operations.
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Assume Kalina's Krepes can hire workers at $500 a week and the rent is $1000 a week. Assume there are no other costs of production. d. Calculate the average total cost, average variable cost, average fixed cost, and marginal cost of each output in the table. Plot these curves below. e. If the price per crepe in the market is $15 (these are fancy crepes!), will Kalina produce crepes or shut down in the short run? Is she making positive profits, negative profits, or breaking even? What does this tell you about what Kalina will do in the long-run? f. What happens to the cost curves if the rent on Kalina's factory goes up by $200/wk? g. What happens to the cost curves if the workers negotiate a wage increase of $100/wk?
The average total cost (ATC), average variable cost (AVC), average fixed cost (AFC), and marginal cost (MC) of each output in the table are as follows:
Output | ATC | AVC | AFC | MC
------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | --------
1 | $1750 | $1750 | $1000 | $1750
2 | $875 | $875 | $500 | $1250
3 | $667 | $500 | $167 | $667
4 | $500 | $333 | $167 | $333
5 | $375 | $250 | $125 | $125
The cost curves are plotted below:
graph showing the average total cost, average variable cost, average fixed cost, and marginal cost curves for Kalina's KrepesOpens in a new windowChegggraph showing the average total cost, average variable cost, average fixed cost, and marginal cost curves for Kalina's Krepes
If the price per crepe in the market is $15, Kalina will produce crepes in the short run. She will make a profit of $500 per week. In the long run, Kalina will expand her production to 5 crepes per week, where she will make the maximum profit of $1250 per week.
If the rent on Kalina's factory goes up by $200/wk, the cost curves will shift up by $200/wk. The new ATC, AVC, AFC, and MC curves will be as follows:
Output | ATC | AVC | AFC | MC
------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | --------
1 | $1950 | $1950 | $1200 | $1950
2 | $1075 | $1075 | $500 | $1450
3 | $833 | $667 | $167 | $833
4 | $625 | $417 | $167 | $417
5 | $450 | $300 | $150 | $300
If the workers negotiate a wage increase of $100/wk, the cost curves will shift up by $100/wk. The new ATC, AVC, AFC, and MC curves will be as follows:
Output | ATC | AVC | AFC | MC
------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | --------
1 | $1850 | $1850 | $1000 | $1850
2 | $1025 | $1025 | $500 | $1325
3 | $750 | $625 | $167 | $750
4 | $550 | $375 | $167 | $375
5 | $400 | $250 | $125 | $250
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the idea that people like to work more for higher wages, but prefer to work less for lower wages results in a(n) group of answer choices downward sloping demand curve in the labor market downward sloping demand curve in the loanable funds market upward sloping supply curve in the labor market upward sloping supply curve in the loanable funds market
The idea that people like to work more for higher wages, but prefer to work less for lower wages results in a downward sloping demand curve in the labor market. Option a is correct.
In economics, a demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the quantity of a good or service that customers are prepared to buy and the price charged. The demand curve is downward-sloping since it shows that, as the price rises, the quantity demanded falls. As the price falls, the quantity demanded rises.
This general rule holds true in the labor market as well, where the downward-sloping demand curve reflects the willingness of firms to hire workers for higher wages and the willingness of workers to work longer hours when paid higher wages.
Therefore, a is correct.
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Which put contract of the 4 above is selling at the lowest price? ASIUG.X ASIUKX ASIUM.X ASIUW.X
In the given options of put contracts, the contract that is selling at the lowest price is the contract ASIUG.X.What is a put contract?A put contract is a financial contract that allows the owner to sell the underlying asset at a specific price, known as the strike price, by a specified date. Put contracts are a type of options contract that are often used for hedging against a decline in the price of the underlying asset.What is the strike price?The strike price is the price at which an option buyer can sell the underlying asset in the case of a put option, or buy the underlying asset in the case of a call option. It is also referred to as the exercise price, and is specified in the option contract.What is an option contract?An option contract is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price, known as the strike price, by a specified date. There are two main types of option contracts: call options and put options.
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Lokomotiv Limited budgeted for sales of $60,000 for the month of June. Actual sales in June were $64,500. Calculate the % variance to 2 decimal places, using a negative sign if the variance is unfavou
The given problem is based on the concept of variance in accounting. Therefore, the percentage variance is 7.5%.
Variance analysis is a process used by companies to analyze and quantify the differences between actual performance and expected or budgeted performance. The calculations allow a company to determine the difference between planned amounts and actual amounts and analyze the factors that led to the difference. Variance analysis is used extensively by management when reviewing financial performance. It can also be used to review production costs, overhead, direct materials and labor.
Given, Lokomotiv Limited budgeted for sales of $60,000 for the month of June. Actual sales in June were $64,500. We have to calculate the % variance to 2 decimal places, using a negative sign if the variance is unfavorable.
Solution:
Budgeted sales for the month of June = $60,000
Actual sales in June = $64,500
Variance = Actual sales - Budgeted sales
Variance = $64,500 - $60,000
Variance = $4,500
The formula for percentage variance is:
Percentage Variance = (Variance / Budgeted Amount) x 100%
Percentage Variance = (4500/60000) x 100%
Percentage Variance = 0.075 x 100%
Percentage Variance = 7.5%
Since Actual Sales are higher than Budgeted Sales, the variance is favorable.
Therefore, the percentage variance is 7.5%.
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Draco Corporation reported pretax book income of $2,000,000.
Included in the computation were unfavorable temporary differences
of $25,000, unfavorable permanent differences of $200,000, and
favorable
The company's current income tax expense is $477,750.
How to solve for the taxGiven:
Pretax book income: $2,000,000
Unfavorable temporary differences: $25,000
Unfavorable permanent differences: $200,000
Favorable temporary differences: $500,000
To calculate the current income tax expense or benefit, we need to determine the taxable income by adjusting the book income for the temporary and permanent differences.
Taxable Income = Pretax Book Income + Unfavorable Temporary Differences - Unfavorable Permanent Differences + Favorable Temporary Differences
Taxable Income = $2,000,000 + (-$25,000) - $200,000 + $500,000
Taxable Income = $2,275,000
The company's current income tax expense or benefit is calculated based on the taxable income and the applicable tax rate.
With the provided tax rate of 21%, we can calculate the company's current income tax expense or benefit based on the taxable income.
Taxable Income = $2,275,000
Tax Expense = Taxable Income * Tax Rate
Tax Expense = $2,275,000 * 0.21
Tax Expense = $477,750
Therefore, the company's current income tax expense is $477,750.
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Draco Corporation reported pretax book income of $2,000,000. Included in the computation were unfavorable temporary differences of $25,000, unfavorable permanent differences of $200,000, and favorable temporary differences of $500,000. Compute the company’s current income tax expense or benefit. Fill in the blank: The company's current income tax expense or benefit is $_______. Note: Regardless of whether it is an expense (cost) or benefit (funds received) enter the answer as a positive number. The next question will then ask you to distinguish between whether the amount represents an expense or a benefit.
Luis invests $1000 into an account that accumulates interest continuously with a force of interest 8(t) 0.3 + 0.1t, where t measures the time in years, for 10 years. Celia invests $1000, also for 10 years, into a savings account that earns interest under a nominal annual interest rate of 12% compounded monthly. What is the difference amount between the amounts accumulated in Luis' and Celia's accounts at the end of 10 years?
Luis invests $1000 in an account that accumulates interest continuously with a force of interest 8(t) 0.3 + 0.1t, where t measures the time in years, for 10 years and Celia invests $1000, also for 10 years, into a savings account that earns interest under a nominal annual interest rate of 12% compounded monthly.
Let's calculate the amounts accumulated in Luis' and Celia's accounts at the end of 10 years.Calculating the amount accumulated in Luis' accountLet P be the principal amount that Luis invested, r be the annual interest rate, and t be the time in years that Luis invests. According to the formula for continuously compounded interest, the amount accumulated in Luis' account after t years is given byA = PertwhereA = accumulated amountP = principal r = interest rate per year t = time in yearssubstituting P = $1000, and r = 8(t) 0.3 + 0.1t, and t = 10 yearswe getA = $1000 e^(8(10)(0.3+0.1(10)))A = $1000 e^(40)A = $1000(2.3539)A = $2353.95Thus the amount accumulated in Luis' account at the end of 10 years is $2353.95.Calculating the amount accumulated in Celia's accountLet P be the principal amount that Celia invested, r be the nominal annual interest rate, and t be the time in years that Celia invests. According to the formula for compound interest, the amount accumulated in Celia's account after t years is given byA = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)whereA = accumulated amountP = principal r = nominal annual interest rate t = time in years n = number of times compounded per year substituting P = $1000, and r = 12%, n = 12 compounding periods per year, and t = 10 yearswe getA = $1000(1 + 0.12/12)^(12 × 10)A = $1000(1 + 0.01)^120A = $1000(2.1162)A = $2116.22Thus the amount accumulated in Celia's account at the end of 10 years is $2116.22.Difference in the amounts accumulated in Luis' and Celia's accountsThe difference between the amount accumulated in Luis' and Celia's accounts is$2353.95 - $2116.22= $237.73Therefore, the difference amount between the amounts accumulated in Luis' and Celia's accounts at the end of 10 years is $237.73.
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Caleb buys an 8.75% corporate bond with a current yield of 5.6%. When he sells the bond 1 year later, the current yield on the bond is 6.6%. How much did Caleb make on this investment?
Caleb made approximately $53.03 on this investment, if Caleb buys an 8.75% corporate bond with a current yield of 5.6%.
The current yield is calculated by dividing the bond's annual interest payment (coupon payment) by its market price. Given that the bond's current yield increased from 5.6% to 6.6%, it means that its market price decreased.
Let's assume that Caleb initially invested $1,000 in the bond. We'll calculate the bond's market price at the time of sale based on the current yield of 6.6%.
Initial investment:
Investment = $1,000
Initial current yield:
Current Yield 1 = 5.6%
Market price at time of sale:
Market Price 2 = Coupon Payment / Current Yield 2
Since the bond's current yield is 6.6%, we can calculate the market price at the time of sale using the formula,
Market Price 2 = Coupon Payment / 0.066
The coupon payment can be calculated by multiplying the initial investment by the initial current yield:
Coupon Payment = Investment * Current Yield 1
Now we can calculate the market price at the time of sale:
Market Price 2 = (Investment * Current Yield 1) / 0.066
To determine Caleb's profit, we need to calculate the difference between the market price at the time of sale and the initial investment:
Profit = Market Price 2 - Investment
Substituting the values, we get:
Profit = [(Investment * Current Yield 1) / 0.066] - Investment
Profit = [($1,000 * 0.056) / 0.066] - $1,000
Profit ≈ $1,053.03 - $1,000
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Oman Insurance Company Oman Insurance Company Corporate Governance Report for the year 2015
Download the corporate governance report or annual report of a company established in Oman. And mention the details required as below:
1. Mention the composition of Board of Directors of the company? (Chairman, deputy chairman, executive and non-executive directors)
2. Name of the Chairman
3. The details of Remuneration committee, Nomination committee and Audit committee
4. Number of board meetings held
5. Total Remuneration and Sitting fee details for the year
6. External auditors of the company
7. Highest and lowest share price
8. Number of shareholders
9. Details of Non-compliance or Penalty if any paid by the company
10. Total Audit fee for the year
Oman Insurance Company is a publically listed insurance company established in Oman. The company provides various insurance products and services to its clients.
Below are the details required as per the question about the corporate governance report of the company for the year 2015.1. Board of Directors of the company: The Board of Directors of Oman Insurance Company consists of 7 members. Out of which, one is the Chairman of the company, three executive directors, and three non-executive directors.2. Name of the Chairman: Khalil Bin Musa Bin Shabib Al Zadjali3. Committee details:
The details of Remuneration committee, Nomination committee and Audit committee are as follows:Remuneration committee: The Remuneration Committee consists of three members chaired by Mr. Khaled Abdulla Al Mass. Nomination committee: The Nomination Committee consists of three members chaired by Mr. Rashid Abdullah Al Noaimi. Audit committee:
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What is the subject of the sculptural decoration on the west
pediment at the Parthenon?
The subject of the sculptural decoration on the west pediment at the Parthenon is the contest between Athena and Poseidon for the city of Athens. Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts, while Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes.
In ancient Greece, there was a popular myth regarding the creation of Athens, which stated that Athena and Poseidon competed to be the city's patron. They were asked to give the city a gift, and whoever offered the best gift would become the city's patron.
Athena gave the city an olive tree, which symbolized peace, prosperity, and wisdom. Poseidon, on the other hand, gave the city a saltwater spring, which was regarded as less valuable than Athena's gift. The citizens of Athens chose Athena as their patron, and she became the city's protector and guardian.
The west pediment of the Parthenon depicts the contest between Athena and Poseidon for the city of Athens. The pediment is a triangular structure that is located above the entrance of the Parthenon's west façade.
It is divided into two sections: the central section, which shows the contest between Athena and Poseidon, and the side sections, which depict the birth of Athena and the contest between Athena and Enkelados.
The sculptural decoration on the west pediment at the Parthenon is an excellent example of classical Greek art. It demonstrates the Greeks' mastery of sculpture, anatomy, and narrative storytelling.
The contest between Athena and Poseidon was an essential myth in Athenian culture, and it was fitting that it was depicted on the most famous building in Athens.
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Which of the following defines liabilities?
a. None of the other alternatives are correct
b. Possible debts or obligations of an entity as a result of future transactions which will be paid with assets or services.
c. Possible debts or obligations of an entity as a result of past transactions which will be paid with assets or services.
d. Probable debts or obligations of an entity as a result of future transactions which will be paid with assets or services.
c. Possible debts or obligations of an entity as a result of past transactions which will be paid with assets or services.
Liabilities are defined as the possible debts or obligations of an entity that arise from past transactions and will be settled by using assets or providing services. They represent the claims that creditors have on the entity's resources. Liabilities can include items such as loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and deferred revenue.
Option c accurately describes liabilities by emphasizing that they arise from past transactions and will be settled in the future using assets or services.
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Why there is a need to study public finance as a separate discipline? Justify your answer with logical reasoning and also differentiate between:
a) Public VS Private goods
b) Direct VS Indirect intervention
In part ‘a’ and ‘b’ give two examples of each other than the examples used in book.
Public finance as a separate discipline:Public finance is a branch of economics that deals with the study of the role of the government in the economy.
The study of public finance is necessary to understand how the government collects revenue and how it spends that revenue. There is a need to study public finance as a separate discipline because it helps in understanding the role of the government in the economy and how it affects economic growth, employment, and the standard of living.
Also, it is important to study public finance to understand the allocation of resources in the economy. Public goods vs. private goods:Public goods are those goods that are non-excludable and non-rival in consumption.
They are goods that everyone can consume and their consumption by one individual does not affect the consumption of another individual. Examples of public goods are streetlights, national defense, and clean air.Direct vs. indirect intervention:Direct intervention is when the government takes direct action to address a problem.
For example, if the government provides food to the poor, that is direct intervention. Indirect intervention is when the government takes action that indirectly addresses a problem.
For example, if the government provides tax credits to businesses that invest in research and development, that is indirect intervention.Examples of direct intervention are subsidies and price controls. Examples of indirect intervention are tax incentives and regulations.
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Question 2 [40 marks]: "...Another common objection to capital gains tax reform is the perception that only a small number of high-income earners realize capital gains and therefore will stand to bene
One of the common objections to capital gains tax reform is the belief that only a small number of high-income earners receive capital gains and therefore will stand to benefit, the argument that only the rich will benefit from a capital gains tax cut is widely used, but it is not true because most of income earners get benefit from the reform
Most Americans, regardless of their income level, have a direct or indirect interest in a thriving stock market and a healthy economy. Capital gains taxes, like other forms of taxation, discourage investment, which in turn slows economic growth, lowers wages, and reduces the number of available jobs. As a result, capital gains tax cuts benefit all taxpayers by increasing investment and boosting economic activity.
Indeed, capital gains taxes have little impact on wealthy Americans because they can simply choose not to sell their assets. The rich can wait until they pass away to transfer their wealth to their heirs, avoiding capital gains tax payments altogether. In conclusion, reforming the capital gains tax would benefit the entire population, not just a few wealthy individuals.
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A machine which cost $240,000 is acquired on September 30, 2015. Its estimate salvage value is $30,000 and its expected life is 6 years. Instructions Calculate depreciation expense for 2015 using double declining balance
The depreciation expense for 2015 using double declining balance is $79,992.
Using the DDB depreciation method, the formula is:
2 x (1/n) x Book Value
Where:n = expected life of the asset
Book Value = cost of the asset - accumulated depreciation
To calculate depreciation expense for 2015 using double declining balance:
Determine the straight-line depreciation rate using the formula:
Straight-line depreciation rate = 100% / useful life
= 100% / 6
= 16.67%
Calculate the DDB depreciation rate using the formula:
DDB rate = 2 x straight-line depreciation rate
= 2 x 16.67%
= 33.33%
Calculate the depreciation expense for 2015 using the formula:
Depreciation expense for 2015 = DDB rate x (cost of asset - accumulated depreciation)
Depreciation expense for 2015 = 33.33% x ($240,000 - $0)
Depreciation expense for 2015 = 0.3333 x $240,000
Depreciation expense for 2015 = $79,992
Therefore, the depreciation expense for 2015 using double declining balance is $79,992.
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Children's Hospital, Inc. is set up under Section 501(c)(3) of the IRS code and receives preferential tax treatment because of its charitable mission. Children's Hospital, Inc. is a O a. private corporation. O b. close corporation. O c. publicly-held corporation. O d. nonprofit corporation.
The answer to the given question Children's Hospital, Inc. is option (d) nonprofit corporation.
Section 501(c)(3) of the IRS code provides preferential tax treatment to nonprofit corporations with charitable missions. Because of its charitable mission, Children's Hospital, Inc. is set up under Section 501(c)(3) of the IRS code and receives preferential tax treatment.
Nonprofit corporations with charitable missions are eligible for preferential tax treatment under Section 501(c)(3) of the IRS code. Children's Hospital, Inc. is a nonprofit corporation that has been set up under this code and receives preferential tax treatment as a result.
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What is the present value of an annuity of $1,500 received at the end of each year for 20 years? Assume a discount rate of 3%. The first payment will be received one year from today (round to nearest $1). Use the TVM calculator for this problem. When you enter your answer: • No dollar signs • No commas • No negative signs • Round to nearest whole number
The present value of an annuity of $1,500 received at the end of each year for 20 years at a discount rate of 3%, with the first payment received one year from today, is approximately $23,295.
Identify the variables
PV = ? (what we're trying to find out)
PMT = $1,500 (the annuity payment)
N = 20 (the number of years)
I/Y = 3% (the discount rate)
FV = 0 (the future value at the end of the annuity period)
Enter the values into the TVM calculator and solve for PV. The calculator should show that PV is approximately -$23,295. However, this is a negative value because it represents the initial investment required to fund the annuity.
Convert the negative present value to a positive value by dropping the negative sign. The answer is approximately $23,295 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
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There is a common method that is used to compute overhead in
domestic production, what is it?
The common method that is used to compute overhead in domestic production is the predetermined overhead rate.
It is calculated by dividing estimated overhead costs by an estimated activity base. This rate is then used to apply overhead to actual production levels.
Overhead costs refer to indirect expenses incurred by a business such as rent, utilities, depreciation, and insurance. In domestic production, these costs are associated with the production process but cannot be directly traced to individual units of production.
Therefore, businesses use a predetermined overhead rate to apply these costs to the production process. This rate is calculated by dividing estimated overhead costs by an estimated activity base, such as direct labor hours or machine hours.
For example, if a company estimates its overhead costs to be $100,000 and estimates 10,000 direct labor hours for the year, then the predetermined overhead rate would be $10 per direct labor hour.
Once this rate is determined, it is used to apply overhead costs to actual production levels. For instance, if a job requires 10 direct labor hours, then $100 of overhead costs ($10 per hour x 10 hours) would be applied to that job.
In conclusion, the predetermined overhead rate is a common method used to compute overhead in domestic production. It allows businesses to apply indirect expenses to the production process based on estimated activity levels and provides a more accurate representation of the true cost of production.
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I have an economics assignment in which the country that i choose is United States of America and based on that i have to explain the following considering these points and answer in 500 words minimum.
id the central bank use asset purchase programs? What is the implication of the programs on government debt?
What is the implication of the fiscal and monetary policies for future inflation?
Fiscal and monetary policies implications
With regard to Fiscal and monetary policies, the Federal Reserve (Fed) in the United States employs asset purchase programs, or quantitative easing (QE),to inject liquidity by purchasing government securities and other assets.
How is this so?These programs can increase the central bank's balance sheet and raise concerns about government debt sustainability due to the potential accumulation of debt.
The implications of fiscal and monetary policies for future inflation involve the need for careful coordination.
Expansionary policies, if not properly managed, can stimulate demand and potentially lead to inflation, emphasizing the importance of balancing growth promotion with inflation control.
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7) in chapter 1, principle 3 espouses the time value of money. why is this principle so important to financial planning? a) the principle allows us to determine how much money we will need to achieve our future goals. b) the principle shows us how inflation impacts our money over time. c) the principle helps us determine our savings needs today, in order to meet our future retirement goals. d) the principle shows us how important time and interest rates are to the accumulation of wealth. e) all of the above.
The principle of the time value of money is important to financial planning because it encompasses determining future funding needs, considering inflation, planning for retirement savings, and recognizing the impact of time and interest rates on wealth accumulation.
All the above
The time value of money is a fundamental principle in financial planning because it encompasses all the mentioned reasons.
a) It helps determine the amount of money needed to achieve future goals by considering the impact of time and interest rates on the value of money.
b) It shows how inflation affects the purchasing power of money over time, highlighting the importance of investing and earning a return that outpaces inflation.
c) It aids in determining the necessary savings today to meet future retirement goals, considering the growth potential of investments over time.
d) It emphasizes the significance of time and interest rates in accumulating wealth, as compounding returns can significantly impact investment growth.
Overall, the time value of money is vital to financial planning as it provides a framework for understanding and optimizing financial decisions across various time horizons.
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Question 41 10 pts Looking at your profit and loss statement of your trucking firm, you note that you have operating revenue of $20M and operating expenses of $16M. What is your operating ratio? 20% 2
The operating ratio for your trucking firm is 80%. The operating ratio is the proportion of a company's operating expenses to its net sales. It can be used to evaluate a company's performance and efficiency.
We must divide operating expenses by operational revenue and then convert the result to a percentage to determine the operating ratio for your trucking company.
operating income of $20M
operating costs: $16 million
Operating Ratio is defined as (Operating Expenses / Operating Revenue) * 100
Operating Ratio is defined as (16 / 20) * 100 Operating Ratio is defined as 0.8 * 100 Operating Ratio is defined as 80%
As a result, your trucking company's operating ratio is 80%. The operating ratio is a metric for operational effectiveness that shows how much operating costs are in relation to operating revenue.
The operational ratio in this instance is 80%, which means that $0.80 of every dollar of income is used to pay operating expenses.
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"QUESTION 2
ABC Limited one of the retails honey-based products to traders in United States. The company has approached its Bankers to provide funding for next year’s operations and three months master budget has been requested for review by the bankers.
You have been approached by the management as a consultant to prepare the 1st quarter budget for the banker’s consideration for its next year’s operations. Company’s Accounting year ends on 30th April 2021.
Total ($)
Sales recorded in April 2021
200,000
Closing Inventory at 30th April 2021
10,000
Furniture and Fittings at cost
349,000
Provision for depreciation on furniture and fittings
49,000
Trade Payables
24,000
Operating expenses incurred in April 2021
30,000
Accumulated Retained Earnings at 30th April 2021
60,000
Trade Receivables
11,500
Cash at Bank at 30th April 2021
27,500
Additional information:-
Trade payables value for the next 3mths are expected to be as follows:
May $25,000;
June $23,000 and
July $26,000
Operating expenses is expected to increase by 10% from that of April 2021 and this is projected to increase at the same growth rate up to July 2021.
Sales is projected to grow by 15% every month from Apr sales.
The trade receivables figure is desired to be proportional to the sales values.
Depreciation is provided at the rate of 5% per annum using reducing balance method of non-current assets.
Closing inventory is expected to increase by $1,000 in May from Apr levels. This is expected to increase by the same figure in June from the projected figure in May. It is expected that in July closing inventory is desired to be $13,000
The company makes a profit of 25% on its sales (GPM).
REQUIRED:
As a consultant for ABC Limited, report for their Bankers, budgeted statements below, for each individual months May, June and July:-
a) The Budgeted Statement of Comprehensive Income
b) The Budgeted Statement of Financial Position
c) The Cash Budget
Discuss TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) limitations of Budgetary Control Systems.
ABC Limited's budgeted statements for May, June, and July include the Budgeted Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Budgeted Statement of Financial Position, and the Cash Budget.
What are the budgeted statements required by ABC Limited's bankers for May, June, and July?ABC Limited's budgeted statements for May, June, and July are essential for providing a comprehensive overview of the company's financial projections.
The Budgeted Statement of Comprehensive Income outlines the projected revenues, costs, and expenses for each month, taking into account the expected growth in sales, increase in operating expenses, and desired profit margin. By preparing this statement, ABC Limited can demonstrate its ability to generate profits and manage costs effectively.
The Budgeted Statement of Financial Position presents a snapshot of the company's financial position at the end of each month, considering factors such as trade receivables, trade payables, closing inventory, and cash at bank. This statement helps the bankers assess the company's liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health.
The Cash Budget outlines the projected cash inflows and outflows for each month, considering factors such as sales, trade payables, operating expenses, and desired inventory levels. By preparing this budget, ABC Limited can estimate its cash position and ensure it has sufficient funds to meet its obligations and support its operations.
Budgetary Control Systems have several advantages. Firstly, they provide a structured framework for planning, organizing, and controlling financial activities, enabling companies to set realistic targets, allocate resources efficiently, and monitor performance. Secondly, budgetary control systems promote accountability and transparency within the organization, as they require managers to justify their financial decisions and provide explanations for any deviations from the budget.
However, there are also limitations to budgetary control systems. Firstly, they are based on assumptions and estimates, which may not always accurately reflect the actual market conditions or internal dynamics. This can lead to variances between budgeted and actual results, reducing the reliability of the system. Secondly, budgetary control systems can be time-consuming and require significant effort to prepare and maintain. This can divert resources and attention away from other important operational aspects.
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Five years ago, Diamond Electronics, a division of De Beers, paid $3,150,000 for new diamond cut- ting tools. At that time, the company estimated an added revenue need of $500,000 to recover the in- vestment at 10% per year. If there is an estimated 8 more years of service with a salvage value of $300,000, compare the revenue needed over the entire life with that estimated 5 years ago.
Comparing this with the estimate made five years ago, the revenue needed over the entire life of the diamond cutting tools is higher than the initial estimate. The estimate made five years ago was $3,650,000, while the revised estimate considering the additional eight years and salvage value is $6,970,000.
To compare the revenue needed over the entire life of the diamond cutting tools with the estimate made five years ago, we need to calculate the total revenue required to recover the investment and account for the salvage value.The initial investment made by Diamond Electronics was $3,150,000 for the diamond cutting tools.
At that time, the company estimated an added revenue need of $500,000 to recover the investment at a rate of 10% per year. Therefore, the total revenue needed over the first five years was $3,150,000 + $500,000 = $3,650,000.
Now, we need to consider the remaining eight years of service and the salvage value of $300,000. To recover the remaining investment, we calculate the total revenue needed over the next eight years as follows:
Annual depreciation = (Initial investment - Salvage value) / Useful life
Annual depreciation = ($3,150,000 - $300,000) / 8 = $343,750
To calculate the revenue needed over the entire life, we sum up the revenue needed over the first five years and the revenue needed over the next eight years:
Revenue needed over entire life = Revenue needed over first five years + Revenue needed over next eight years
Revenue needed over entire life = $3,650,000 + ($343,750 * 8) = $6,970,000
This shows that the initial estimate did not fully account for the total revenue needed over the entire life of the investment.
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Aurand Ltd wants to raise $1,500,000 to fund the expansion of its business. To do this, it will issue bonds with 10 years to maturity, a face value of $1,000 and a quarterly coupon payment of $20. The current yield to maturity of similar bonds in the market is 8% per annum.
a) How many bonds should Aurand Ltd issue to raise a total of $1,500,000? Use bond pricing theory to explain why briefly.
b) Assume investor Mike purchased a bond at issuance and sold it at a market yield of 9% p.a. one year later, right after the coupon payment. Calculate the selling price of the bond.
c) Draw a timeline and set out each cash flow that Mike paid and received from his investment in the bond for one year and calculate the holding period yield per annum he earned on this investment.
d) Was Mike’s holding period yield higher or lower than the yield to maturity he would earn if he kept the bond till maturity? Briefly explain why.
1500 bonds should be issued by Aurand Ltd to raise a total of $1,500,000. When determining the cost of a bond, we use bond pricing theory, which requires knowledge of the bond's principal amount, coupon payment, interest rate, and time to maturity.
a) 1500 bonds should be issued by Aurand Ltd to raise a total of $1,500,000. When determining the cost of a bond, we use bond pricing theory, which requires knowledge of the bond's principal amount, coupon payment, interest rate, and time to maturity. The present value of a bond's future cash flows can be calculated using this information. By calculating the current value of the bond's future cash flows, we arrive at the bond's fair price. This is the same method that Aurand Ltd would use to determine the bond's initial selling price.
b) Coupon payment is made by bonds to bondholders periodically. The face value of the bond and the coupon payments are known, but the market rate of interest keeps changing, which means the bond’s price is affected, as we can see from the question. The selling price of the bond can be calculated using the formula given below:
Bond Price = Coupon Payment / Interest Rate + [(Face Value - Selling Price) / (1 + Interest Rate)n]
Where:
Coupon Payment = $20
Interest Rate = 9% / 4 = 2.25% per quarter
Face Value = $1,000
Selling Price = ?
n = 4 (number of coupon payments)
Solving for Selling Price, we get:
Selling Price = $940.98
c)
A timeline for Mike's investment in the bond for one year:
|----------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
Year0 Year1
-$1,000 +$20 +$20 +$20 +$1,020
Mike has spent $1,000 on purchasing the bond and has earned three quarterly payments of $20 each. The selling price of the bond was $940.98, and he held it for one year.
The total return on investment in one year = Interest Earned + Capital Gain / Investment Cost x 100%
Interest Earned = Coupon Payment x Number of Payments = $20 x 4 = $80
Capital Gain = Selling Price - Investment Cost = $940.98 - $1,000 = -$59.02 (since he lost money on selling the bond)
Investment Cost = $1,000
Putting the values in the formula, we get:
Holding Period Yield = -$59.02 / $1,000 x 100% = -5.902%
d) The yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if held until it matures. When the bond is held till maturity, the Yield to Maturity will be the same as the coupon rate. When the bond is sold before it matures, the Yield to Maturity will differ from the holding period yield. Since the yield to maturity is 8%, and the holding period yield is -5.902%, Mike's holding period yield was lower than the yield to maturity he would earn if he kept the bond till maturity. The reason for this difference is the selling price of the bond, which was lower than the initial purchase price.
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6.Assume we have the following information:
Spot price : 1146.00
Actual futures price : 1192.50
Theoretical futures price : 1160.00
Maturity : 3 months
a. Is the futures fairly priced? (3 marks)
Assuming the provided information about futures price, the futures are not fairly priced.
According to the question, Spot price: 1146.00, Actual futures price: 1192.50, Theoretical futures price: 1160.00, and Maturity: 3 months
To determine whether the futures are fairly priced, we need to calculate the difference between the actual futures price and the theoretical futures price using the following formula:
Difference = Actual futures price - Theoretical futures price
Let's calculate the difference:
Difference = 1192.50 - 1160.00 = 32.50
As we can see, the actual futures price is higher than the theoretical futures price by $32.50. Thus, the futures are overpriced. Therefore, the futures are not fairly priced.
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Amazon
Identify key performance indicators for the company you selected, including the following:
Cash flow from operations
Price-to-earnings ratio
Stock dividends and the yield, if any
Earnings per share ratio
Revenue estimates for the next 12 months
Revenue from the previous 3 years
Statement of cash flows and identify net cash from operating, investing, and financing activities over the past 3 years
Average trade volume.
Current stock price, 52-week high, and 1-year estimated stock price
Analysts’ recommendations for the stock (buy,sell, hold) Market cap for the company
Relate the stock price to price-to-earnings ratio.
Explain the market capitalization and what it means to the investor.
Evaluate trends in stock price, dividend payout, and total stockholders’ equity. Relate recent events or market conditions to the trends you identified.
Determine, based on your analysis, whether you think the organization is going to meet its financial goals, the outlook for growth and sustainability, and explain why you recommend this stock for purchase.
Amazon is one of the world’s most profitable e-commerce websites with a huge influence on the online shopping industry. The following are the key performance indicators of Amazon:
Cash flow from operations: Amazon's net cash from operating activities was $66.1 billion in 2020.Price-to-earnings ratio: Amazon's price-to-earnings ratio was 80.28 as of July 2021.Stock dividends and yield: Amazon does not pay dividends. Earnings per share ratio: In 2020, Amazon had earnings per share of $42.73.Revenue estimates for the next 12 months: The projected revenue for Amazon for the next 12 months is approximately $510 billion. Revenue from the previous three years: Amazon's revenue for the past three years is as follows:
.Analysts’ recommendations for the stock: Amazon is a buy, according to the recommendations of a majority of analysts. Market cap for the company: Amazon's market capitalization is approximately $1.73 trillion.Relate the stock price to price-to-earnings ratio: A stock's price-to-earnings ratio represents the company's stock price divided by its earnings per share. The stock price is related to the price-to-earnings ratio. Amazon's high price-to-earnings ratio is a sign that the market expects the company to generate higher earnings growth in the future.
Amazon has a high market capitalization, indicating that it is a profitable and established company that is likely to continue expanding in the future. Evaluate trends in stock price, dividend payout, and total stockholders’ equity. Relate recent events or market conditions to the trends you identified: Amazon's stock price has been steadily increasing over the past three years, as the company has continued to grow and expand.
Amazon does not pay dividends. Amazon's total stockholders' equity has also increased over the years, from $19.3 billion in 2018 to $82.4 billion in 2020. Recent market trends indicate that the e-commerce industry has been growing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and Amazon has been able to leverage this to its advantage. Determine, based on your analysis, whether you think the organization is going to meet its financial goals, the outlook for growth and sustainability, and explain why you recommend this stock for purchase: Based on the analysis, it can be said that
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Calculation Question (51 mal Show all necessary steps in your answere shown. marks will be awarded if the workings to your solutions ar Question 1 (10 marks) Suppose that your demand schedule for CD is as follows: Price Quantity demand (income =$10 000) Quantity demand (income =$12 00 $8 40 50 10 32 45 12 24 .30 14 16 20 16 8 12 a) Calculate your price elasticity of demand as the price of CD increases from $8 to $10 your income is $10 000 and ii) your income is $12 000. (5 marl b) Calculate your income elasticity of demand as your income increase from $10 000 to 000 if i) the price is $12 and ii) the price is $16. (5 mark QB-1 Type your answer here. H ▾ B I A X₂ X³ Q2-Q1/Q2+Q1/2/P2-P1/(P2+P1/2 Q1= 40 P1=8 Q2 = 50 P2=10 10/90/2/2/18/2 0.44/0.22 1.82 PgUp F5 K F4 F6 F7 ||| !!! PrtScn FB ✰ Home F9 End F10 F11
According to the situation, the price elasticity when income is $10,000 is -0.8; when income is $12,000 is -0.4. The income elasticity when the price is $12 is 1.25; when the price is $16 is 2.5.
In the field of economics, the income elasticity of demand refers to how responsively the amount of an item is desired to changes in consumer income.
It is calculated as the ratio of the percent change in revenue to the percent change in the quantity requested.
The formula for price elasticity:
Ер = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price.
[tex]E_{p}[/tex] = %ΔQ/ %ΔP
The formula for Income elasticity:
[tex]E_{I}[/tex]= %. Change in quantity demanded / % Change in Income
[tex]E_{I}[/tex] = %ΔQ/ %ΔI
Therefore, the following cases are as follows:
(a) (i) When income (I) = 10,000
At price [tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 8, [tex]Q_{1}[/tex] = 40
At price [tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 10 [tex]Q_{2}[/tex] = 32
% change in quantity demand = 32 - 40/ 40 × 100 = - 20
% change in price = 10 - 8 / 8 × 100 = 25
Price elasticity = -20/25 = -0.8
(ii) When income (I) = 12,000
At price [tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 8, [tex]Q_{1}[/tex] = 50
At price [tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 10 [tex]Q_{2}[/tex] = 45
Price elasticity = [tex]\frac{45-50}{50}[/tex] ÷ [tex]\frac{10-8}{8}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{-5}{50}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{8}{2}[/tex] = -0.4
(b) (i) When the price is $ 12;
At price [tex]I_{1}[/tex] = 10,000, [tex]Q_{1}[/tex] = 24
At price [tex]I_{2}[/tex] = 12,000, [tex]Q_{2}[/tex] = 30
% change in quantity demand = 30 - 24/ 24 × 100 = 25
% change in income = 12,000 - 10,000 / 10,000 × 100 = 20
Income elasticity = 25/20 = 1.25
(ii) When the price is $ 16;
At price [tex]I_{1}[/tex] = 10,000, [tex]Q_{1}[/tex] = 8
At price [tex]I_{2}[/tex] = 12,000, [tex]Q_{2}[/tex] = 12
% change in quantity demand = 12-8/ 8 × 100 = 50
% change in income = 12,000 - 10,000 / 10,000 × 100 = 20
Income elasticity = 50/20 = 2.5
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adjustment factors account for the unique properties and behavior of wood under varying conditions. true or false
Adjustment factors account for the unique properties and behavior of wood under varying conditions. This statement is true.
The mechanical properties of wood play an important role when used for different design applications. Wood is widely used for structural purposes. This fact sheet summarizes some of the basic concepts related to the mechanical characteristics of wood, including viscoelasticity, compression, shear, bending strength properties, and how such characteristics should be taken into consideration for an efficient practical design.
Elastic materials easily stretch under an applied load. However, they return to their original conditions once the load is released. In contrast, plastic materials stay in the stretched condition even if the load is released after a long period of time. The behavior of wood products is between the above two types of conditions.
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Inventory excludes
a) Raw materials
b) Finished goods produced
c) Construction works in progress
d) Goods purchased for resale
Inventory excludes (d) Goods purchased for resale.
Inventory refers to the goods that a company holds for the purpose of selling or using in the production of goods for sale. It represents the current assets of a business and includes items that are in various stages of completion.
Raw materials are the basic materials used in the production process, such as raw metals, lumber, or fabrics. These materials are included in inventory because they are intended to be used in the production of finished goods.
Finished goods produced by the company are also considered part of inventory. These are the final products that have completed the manufacturing process and are ready to be sold to customers.
Construction works in progress are items related to ongoing construction projects, such as building materials and equipment. These items are not considered part of inventory but rather fall under the category of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E).
On the other hand, goods purchased for resale are products that are acquired from suppliers with the intention of selling them directly to customers without any further processing or manufacturing. These goods are not included in inventory as they are not being used in the production process but are instead ready to be sold as they are.
In summary, inventory includes raw materials, finished goods produced, and sometimes construction works in progress. However, goods purchased for resale are excluded from inventory as they are already in a state ready for direct sale.
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A. What do we mean when we say that capital markets are efficient?
B. What are the implications if capital markets are not efficient?
C. What factors contribute to an efficient market
Capital markets are said to be efficientwhen security prices swiftly and precisely reflect all publicly available information regarding a specific security or market.In an efficient capital market, the costs of obtaining information are reflected in security prices.
This means that if one individual has information that could be used to determine a security's price or future performance, that information is rapidly and accurately incorporated into that security's price.If capital markets are not efficient, it would imply that the prices of securities in the market do not reflect the current and accurate information about that security. The repercussions of an inefficient capital market are substantial. When the market does not correctly reflect information, it creates a chance for investors to earn money. As a result, people are hesitant to invest in the market because they fear that their investments will not generate a reasonable return.To operate effectively, an efficient capital market must meet a variety of criteria, including: The quality of information available to investors is of high quality, with publicly available information quickly and easily accessible to market participants. Also, there must be fair competition with no significant investors able to manipulate the market to their advantage, and low transaction costs that must be reflective of the amount of work required to bring a security to the market. Additionally, participants in the market must all be operating in their self-interest, and there should be no inherent bias that could influence market efficiency. Lastly, there must be no external shocks or unexpected events that can disrupt the market, leading to the possibility of inefficiency.
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TRUE / FALSE. 1) State if the following statements are True or False and EXPLAIN your answer. a. The optimal tariff for a large country is always zero. (2 marks) b. An export subsidy refers to a tax on exports.
The statement "The optimal tariff for a large country is always zero" is False.
The optimal tariff for a large country is not always zero. The optimal tariff is the tariff that maximizes the country's welfare. It depends on several factors, including the country's terms of trade, demand elasticity, and the market structure of the importing country. In some cases, a large country may benefit from imposing tariffs that protect its domestic industries from foreign competition or raise revenue for the government.
The statement "An export subsidy refers to a tax on exports" is False.
An export subsidy is a payment or other assistance given by the government to a firm or industry that exports goods. The purpose of an export subsidy is to help domestic firms compete in foreign markets by lowering their costs or increasing their competitiveness. It is the opposite of a tax on exports, which would raise the costs of exporting goods and reduce a firm's competitiveness in foreign markets.
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ETF (Exchanged Traded Funds) 1 Fund Structure 2 Accessibility to markets/regulation Kind of investors 3 4 Types of Funds 5 6 Ou Kinds of Strategies Fund pricing 7 Kind of Portfolio management 8 Fees 9 Returns 10 Transparency 11 Liquidity 1. Within a TABLE compare the following financial institutions based upon the following criteria: Mutual Open-Closed-ETF (Exchanged Hedge funds Funds end end Traded Funds) funds funds 1 Fund Structure 2 Accessibility to markets/regulation 3 Kind of investors 4 Types of Funds 5 Kinds of Strategies 6 Fund pricing 7 Kind of Portfolio management 8 Fees 9 Returns 10 Transparency 11 Liquidity
Note: The above table provides a general comparison between Mutual Funds, Open-End Funds, Closed-End Funds, ETFs, and Hedge Funds based on the given criteria. It is important to note that there can be variations and exceptions within each category, and specific details may vary depending on the fund or institution.
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