Define option price. Explain why the option price of a policy might differ from the expected surplus generated by the policy.

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Options prices, known as premiums, are composed of the sum of its intrinsic and time value. Intrinsic value is the price difference between the current stock price and the strike price. An option's time value or extrinsic value of an option is the amount of premium above its intrinsic value.


Related Questions

Arthur is a tax preparer doing business as a sole proprietor. Under what circumstances could he receive a pass-through deduction that is not limited as a result of it being an SSTB?

Answers

It should be noted that the condition where he'll get a pass-through deduction is that he has a taxable income.

A pass-through deduction refers to a business that isn't subject to corporate income tax. Rather, such a business is taxed at individual income tax rates.

From the information given, the condition where Arthur will get a pass-through deduction is that he has a taxable income. Also, the deduction cannot be more than 20% of the taxable income.

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What trick of trust describes why companies trying to sell you something will often use terms like 'limited edition' or 'limited time deal', or even put countdowns of time left or number of items left on the screen

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The trust trick for making sales using terms like "limited edition" or putting countdowns of time and remaining items for an offer is called the scarcity technique.

Scarcity marketing can be understood as a way to activate psychological triggers to generate purchase desire in consumers through product shortages, as people tend to perceive limited quantities as more valuable.

This strategy to drive sales will be effective if it meets three criteria:

It is usefulIt is transferable between peopleIt has the potential to be possessed

Therefore, companies can gain significant advantages by implementing the scarcity technique, increasing sales and generating greater value for the consumer.

This strategy needs to be used sparingly so as not to create too much pressure on the consumer to make a purchase and not to generate an image of poor inventory management.

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Interstate Manufacturing is considering either overhauling an old machine or replacing it with a new machine. Information about the two alternatives follows. Management requires a 10% rate of return on its investments.
Alternative 1: Keep the old machine and have it overhauled. This requires an initial investment of $150,000 and results in $50,000 of net cash flows in each of the next five years. After five years, it can be sold for a $15,000 salvage value.
Cost of old machine $111,000
Cost of overhaul 158,000
Annual expected revenues generated 106,000
Annual cash operating costs after overhaul 43,000
Salvage value of old machine in 5 years 16,000
Alternative 2: Sell the old machine for $29,000 and buy a new one. The new machine requires an initial investment of $300,000 and can be sold for a $20,000 salvage value in five years. It would yield cost savings and higher sales, resulting in net cash flows of $65,000 in each of the next five years.
Cost of new machine $291,000
Salvage value of old machine now 34,000
Annual expected revenues generated 94,000
Annual cash operating costs 22,000
Salvage value of new machine in 5 years 15,000
Required:
1. Determine the net present value of alternative 1.
2. Determine the net present value of alternative 2.
3. Which alternative should management select based on net present value?

Answers

1. The net present value of Alternative 1 is $90,755.

2. The net present value of Alternative 2 is $14,355 with the sale proceeds of the old machine.

3. Based on the net present value, Interstate Manufacturing should overhaul the old machine instead of replacing it with the new one.

Data and Calculations:

Required rate of return = 10%

                                                           Alternative 1    Alternative 2

Cost of old machine                               $111,000         ($29,000)

Cost of overhaul                                     158,000        $300,000

Expected annual revenues                   106,000             94,000

Expected annual operating costs          43,000             22,000

Net cash flows for 5 yrs                        63,000             72,000

Salvage value after 5 yrs                        16,000             20,000

PV annuity factor of 10% for 5 years = 3.7908

PV factor of 10% for 5 years = 0.6209

                                                           Alternative 1    Alternative 2

PV value of annual net cash flows     238,820           272,937

PV value of Salvage value                      9,935              12,418

Present value of cash inflows          $248,755        $285,355

Cost of overhaul/Investment             (158,000)       (300,000)

Proceeds from the sale of old machine                     29,000

Net present value                              $90,755           $14,355

Thus, based solely on the net present values of alternatives 1 and 2, Interstate Manufacturing should overhaul the old machine (alternative 1) because it yields a greater net present value than alternative 2.

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Which of the following statements about car insurance is true?

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Answer:

Were Are The Statements

Explanation:

No Statements

what are the different types of patents?

Answers

Answer:

three types:-

utility patentsdesign patentsplant patents

Which of the following statements is true regarding Laura, an individual taxpayer who dies in 2021 with a gross estate of $10,000,000?

a. No estate tax will be due if Laura has no prior year transfers.
b. For estates of any decedent passing away in calendar year 2020, the basic exclusion amount is $10,000,000.
c. Laura will owe estate tax because her estate is more than $5,000,000 in 2020.
d. Estate tax is due because $10,000,000 is less than Laura's basic exclusion amount.

Answers

Based on current tax laws, a. No estate tax will be due if Laura has no prior year transfers.

From the year 2018 to 2025:

Single taxpayer estates have a basic exemption of $11.58 million Married taxpayer estates have a basic exemption of $22.36 million

This means that if Laura's estate made no transfers in prior years, her estate would be below the exemption amount of $11.58 million and there would be no estate tax.

In conclusion, there would be no estate tax.

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what are the functions of middle level management​

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Answer:

Middle management is at the center of a hierarchical organization, subordinate to the senior management but above the lowest levels of operational staff.

Middle managers are accountable to top management for their department's function. They provide guidance to lower-level managers and inspire them to perform better.

Hope this helps you !!

You had assisted management in strengthening the internal control system for a medium size limited company about a year ago. The management has recently pointed out that the occurrences of frauds and errors have reduced significantly but could not be eliminated altogether. You are required to offer your comments on the above situation with reference to limitations of any system of internal control.

Answers

The following comments are relevant to the recent management observations on the occurrences of frauds and errors. Every internal control system has some limitations.

1. A system of internal control only provides reasonable assurance that the controls are sound and not absolute assurance.

2. Human errors can override a system of internal controls, including collusion among employees.

3. For an internal control system to be effective, management should set the tone. Management should follow through with its instituted system of controls unless it makes convincing business sense to override some control.

4. Every internal control system should consider the implementation costs vis-à-vis the benefits. The employees must be involved in all aspects of internal control, just as I insisted earlier.

5. Lastly, management must understand that no system is error-proof. And every system evolves, just as fraud incidences are.  Therefore, management should always be on the lookout for unforeseen circumstances.

Thus, management should ensure that its policies and practices do not compromise internal controls.

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Help help help businesses

Answers

Answer:

A. monopolize access to printing currency

Answer is A - monopolise access to printing currency.

And, the Central bank has two primary goals in what is known as a dual mandate. Those goals are price stability, low inflation (at about 2 percent), and maximum employment.

A reading researcher does what

Answers

Answer:

They reveal how the author(s) interpreted the findings of their research and presented recommendations or courses of action based on those findings.

Explanation:

You are the head of the central bank and you want to maintain a 2 percent long-run inflation rate. Suppose that velocity is constant and real GDP growth is 3 percent per year. Moreover, you know that the current money supply is $120 billion. Your money supply target for one year from today is $______ billion.

Answers

The answer I think is 12 billion

100pts if you help me ..and brainleast
please correct me if im wrong

Answers

You are wrong. 100 points will not be given . 5 points will be given .

Help help help help buissness

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Pa brainliest please thank you

correct me if I'm wrong:)

#CARRYONLEARNING

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A large St. Louis feed mill, Robert Orwig Processing, prepares its 6-month aggregate plan by forecasting demand for 50-pound bags of cattle feed as follows: January, 1,000 bags; February, 1,200; March, 1,250; April, 1,450; May, 1,400; and June, 1,400. The feed mill plans to begin the new year with no inventory left over from the previous year, and backorders are not permit ted. It projects that capacity (during regular hours) for producing bags of feed will remain constant at 800 until the end of April, and then increase to 1,100 bags per month when a planned expansion is completed on May 1. Overtime capacity is set at 300 bags per month until the expansion, at which time it will increase to 400 bags per month. A friendly competitor in Sioux City, Iowa, is also available as a backup source to meet demand—but can provide only 500 bags total during the 6-month period. Develop a 6-month production plan for the feed mill using the transportation method
Regular-time cost per bag (until April 30) $12.00
Regular-time cost per bag (after May 1) $11.00
Overtime cost per bag (during entire period) $16.00
Cost of outside purchase per bag $18.50
Carrying cost per bag per month $ 1.00

Answers

From the production plan, the budget for January is $12800, February, $16250, March $17175, April $20875, May $16900, and June $16900.

Production planning simply means the act of designing a guide for the production of a particular good or service.

It should be noted that production planning is important to ensure that all necessary preparation is completed before the start of a production cycle.

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During 2011, Gum Co. introduced a new product carrying a two- year warranty against defects.

The estimated warranty costs related to dollar sales are 2% within 12 months following the sale and 4% in the second 12 months of the sale.

The sale and actual warranty expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2011, and 2012 are as follows:

Sales Actual warranty expenditures
2011 150,000 2,250
2012 250,000 7,500
Total 400,000 9,750
What amount should Gum report as warranty expense on its 12/31/2012 Income Statement?

Answers

The amount that Gum should report as estimated warranty expense on its December 31, 2012 balance sheet is $14,250.

First step is to calculate the estimated cost related to dollar sales

Estimated cost related to dollar sales=2%+4%

Estimated cost related to dollar sales= 6%

Second step is to calculate the estimated warranty expense that should be reported

Estimated warranty expense =(400,000×6%)-Total of actual warranty expenditures of $9,750

Estimated warranty expense=$24,000-$9,750

Estimated warranty expense=$14,250

Inconclusion the amount that Gum should report as estimated warranty expense on its December 31, 2012 balance sheet is $14,250.

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A firm is considering purchasing two assets. Asset A will have a useful life of 15 years and cost $3 million; it will have installation costs of $400,000 but no salvage or residual value. Asset B will have a useful life of 6 years and cost $1.3 million; it will have installation costs of $180,000 and a salvage or residual value of $300,000. Which asset will have a greater annual straight-line depreciation?
A) Asset B has $40,000 more in depreciation per year.
B) Asset B has $30,000 more in depreciation per year.
C) Asset A has $30,000 more in depreciation per year.
D) Asset A has $40,000 more in depreciation per year.

Answers

7919191922827aajashsg
89

ou are considering implementing a lockbox system for your firm. The system is expected to reduce the collection time by 3 days. On an average day, your firm receives 1,370 checks with an average value of $880 each. The daily interest rate on Treasury bills is 0.01 percent. The bank charge per check would be $.25. What is the net present value of this lockbox arrangement

Answers

The net present value of this lockbox arrangement is $1,205,378.06.

Since you are considering implementing a lockbox system for your firm, and on an average day, your firm receives 1,370 checks with an average value of $ 880 each, and the daily interest rate on Treasury bills is 0.01 percent, and the bank charge per check would be $ 0.25, to determine what is the net present value of this lockbox arrangement, the following calculation must be performed:

((1370 x 880) x 1.0001) - (1370 x 0.25) = X 1,205,720.56 - 342.5 = X 1,205,378.06 = X

Therefore, the net present value of this lockbox arrangement is $1,205,378.06.

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Norton Company purchased a building on January 2 by signing a long-term $480,000 mortgage with monthly payments of $4,500. The mortgage carries an interest rate of 10 percent. The amount owed on the mortgage after the first payment will be

Answers

The amount owed on the mortgage after the first payment will be a. $479,500.

Amount owed:

Amount owed=$480,000- [$4,500- ($480,000 x .10 x 1/12)]

Amount owed=$ 480,000 - ($4,500-$4,000)

Amount owed=$ 480,000 -$500

Amount owed = $479,500

Journal entry

Debit Mortgage interest expense $4000

[480,000 x .10 x 1/12)]

Debit Mortgage payable $500

($4,500-$4,000)

Credit Cash $4,500

Inconclusion the amount owed on the mortgage after the first payment will be a. $479,500.

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what are the fundamental factor for local level vocation?list them and explain three of them​

Answers

Answer:

Fundamental factor for local level vocation :-

> Physiotherapy Technician :-

Physiotherapy Technician is a 10th standard medical nursing course. Physiotherapists provide treatment, preventive advice and care while rehabilitating those with physical and psychological impairment to maximize functional abilities for health lifestyle.

> Medical Lab Technology course:-

The diploma course is known as Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology, abbreviated as DMLT. To take admission to DMLT/BMLT course in India, a candidate must qualify Class 12 from a recognised board or institute. The duration of DMLT is two years, whereas, that for BMLT course is 3 years and 6 months.

> Marketing & Salesmanship:-

Marketing and Salesmanship is a very important discipline of knowledge. Because of this process, a lot of changes have occurred in marketing practices. Both Marketing and Salesmanship require the knowledge of various advanced techniques of advertising, business correspondence , business law, sales management etc .

The amount of a real estate broker's commission is

Answers

In India, the majority of properties are sold with the help of a real estate broker or agent. When the broker helps a seller and buyer get in touch with each other and both the parties agree to engage in the transaction, then both the parties are required to pay a certain %age of the property value as a fee to the real estate broker. Read below to know about the real estate broker commission rates India:

There are no specific guidelines laid for the commission paid to real estate brokers. In India, real estate agents usually ask the seller and the buyer to pay 1-2% of the deal value as their commission, also known as the real estate brokerage fee.

Which liquidity ratio is considered to be the most stringent because it eliminates inventory in its measurement

Answers

Acid test or quick ratio is the liquidity ratio that is most stringent because it

eliminates inventory in its measurement.

Acid test ratio can be calculated by:

Current assets - inventory

current liabilities

Acid test ratio eliminates the inventory which is the least liquid asset from

current assets. This ratio help companies determine how fast it can convert

its assets into cash in order to take care of its liabilities.

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Assume that you have already completed a 5-year international assignment working for KPMG as a Tax Consultant in Singapore.

By using the relocation transition curve, you need to write an essay to make your own analysis and explain how you adapted to the new living and working environment.

Answers

Based on the information, it can be deduced that it's an indication of the uncertainty that exists in the Vietnamese cultural model.

From the complete information, Vietnam has low points in the avoidance index. This implies that they're less associated with their cultural roots and don't have concern for hiring white people.

Some of the solutions that can be applied for training the workers include providing them with ethical and language-based training and also encourage a team culture.

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yared plc assembles and sells bicycles in bahir dar city. the company expects to sale 400 bicycles for br. 600 each in 2015. the total variable and fixed costs for there sales are br. 160,000 and 50,000 respective.
Required
a. how many bicycle should be sold for yared plc to each their breakeven point?
b. how many bicycle must be sold to earn a target operating in come of br. 90,000?
c. what amount of sales must yared plc have to earn a target net income of br. 63,000 they have a tax rate of 30 percent?

Answers

a. The number of units to be sold for Yared Plc to break-even is 250 units.

b. The number of units to be sold to earn a target operating income of br. 90,000 is 700 units.

c. The sales amount for Yared Plc to earn a target net income of br. 63,000 is 700 units.

Data and Calculations:

Sales units of bicycles = 400 units

Selling price per unit = br. 600

Total variable costs = br. 160,000

Unit variable cost = br. 400 (br. 160,000/400)

Contribution margin per unit = br. 200 (br. 600 - br. 400)

Fixed costs = br. 50,000

Tax rate = 30%

Net income = income after tax

= 1 - 30%

= 70%

a. The number of units to be sold for Yared Plc to break-even is given by Fixed Costs/Contribution margin per unit

= br. 50,000/br. 200

= 250 units.

b. The number of units to be sold to earn a target operating income of br. 90,000 is given as (Fixed Costs + Target Profit)/Contribution margin per unit

= (br. 50,000 + br. 90,000)/br. 200

= br. 140,000/br. 200

= 700 units.

c. The sales amount for Yared Plc to earn a target net income of br. 63,000 is (br. 50,000 + br. 63,000/(1 - 30%)/br. 200

= (br. 50,000 + br. 90,000)/br. 200

= br. 140,000/br. 200

= 700 units.

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Okie help help buissness help help

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

LRAS can do both

During the 'Value Articulation' cycle, you are asked to identify whether the solution can be productized for leverage in
future engagements. What would you need to ensure?

Answers

To leverage the productization of solutions identified during the "Value Articulation" cycle, you need to ensure that the solutions gained from the session develop into marketable products.

In all value articulation, the most important factors to consider are as follows:

1. Will the product meet the challenges or desires of potential customers?

2. What are the changes the product will create for the customer?

3. What is the value-added for my organization?

Thus, you must ensure that as the solutions develop into marketable products, they must generate sufficient revenue growth and profitability for the organization.

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Based on the information, it's important to ensure that the solutions gained from the session will enhance the revenue of the company.

Value articulation simply means a framework that's vital in assimilating intellectual property activities within the practices of marketing.

Based on the information given, since the person is asked to identify whether the solution can be productized for leverage in future engagements, it's important to ensure that the solutions gained from the session will enhance the revenue of the company.

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The T-Shirt Factory purchased 12 futures contracts on cotton at a quoted price of 55.50 as a hedge against its inventory needs. At the time it actually needed the cotton, the spot price was 56.10. Cotton futures are based on 50,000 pounds and quoted in cents per pound. How much did the Shirt Factory save by hedging cotton?
A. $1,280
B. $560
C. $2,400
D. $3,600

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation: ……….

QUESTION 7 of 10: What is an advantage of selling consumable items?
ОООО
a) They do not need refrigeration
b) They typically have a large profit margin
c) They are long-lasting
d) They tend to generate repeat business
Sulinit

Answers

Answer:

its D. they tend to generate repeat buisness

Explanation:

Answer: They tend to generate repeat business

Help help help help help help please please

Answers

Answer:

C. it allows them to collect income tães from employees

Monsters Incorporated (MI) in ready to launch a new product. Depending upon the success of this product, MI will have a value of either $100 million, $150 million, or $191 million, with each outcome being equally likely. The cash flows are unrelated to the state of the economy (i.e. risk from the project is diversifiable) so that the project has a beta of 0 and a cost of capital equal to the risk-free rate, which is currently 5%. Assume that the capital markets are perfect. Assume that in the event of default, 20% of the value of MI's assets will be lost in bankruptcy costs and suppose that MI has zero-coupon debt with a $125 million face value due next year. The initial value of MI's debt is closest to:

Answers

The Initial value of debt is $111.11 million.

Value of unlevered equity = ($100 million+ $150 million + $191 million)/3 / 1.05

Value of unlevered equity = $147 miliion / 1.05

Value of unlevered equity = $140 million.

Since the corporation have has zero-coupon debt with a $125 million face value, this means If the firm has a value of $100 million, all of it is from the debt value,

Initial value of debt = ($100 million + $125 million + $125 million)/3 / 1.05

Initial value of debt = $111.11 million.

The Initial value of equity = Value of unlevered equity - Initial value of debt

The Initial value of equity = $140 million - $111.11 million

The Initial value of equity = $29 million

Hence, the Initial value of debt is $111.11 million.

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Imagine you own a company that makes YOUR FAVORITE PRODUCT.

Answers

Answer:

I am not sure what you want me to answer but Ill give you my P.O.V

Explanation:

If I had my own company with my favorite product I would have created more of the things related to that product. And invest my money in other products I enjoy using. And improve on that product make it better.

I would probably use that product and make more products that people like
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