Light-dependent reactions are the electron flow along the electron transporter chain. The final products are NADPH and ATP production and Oxygene release.
What are the light dependent reactions?
Light-independent reactions occur in the thylakoyd membrane where pigments are placed. They involve light absorption and the electron flow from water to NADPH.
During light-dependent reactions, oxygen is released, while ATP and NADPH are produced. Both of them are used during light-independent reactions.
Energy is released as electrons move through the chain. This energy pumps H+ into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out.
Steps,
1. Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
2. When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
3. The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
4. When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules.
5. Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
6. When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II.
7. When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
8. The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
9. Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
a. they convert adp into atp ⇒ true, using energy from H+ pump.
b. they produce oxygen gas ⇒ true, they release oxygen when water molecule breacks
c. they convert oxygen into carbon dioxide ⇒ false, CO₂ is not involved in light-dependent reactions.
d. they convert nadp+ into nadph ⇒ true, they reduce NADP+ into NADPH using H+
e. photosynthesis begins when pigments in photosystem i absorb light ⇒ false, photosynthesis begins when pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
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During ____________ , an enzyme removes a ____________ functional group from the monomers of one organic molecule and a hydrogen from another monomer, linking monomers together to form a ____________ . This chemical reaction also forms ____________ .
During dehydration synthesis, an enzyme removes a hydroxyl functional group from the monomers of one organic molecule and a hydrogen (H) from another monomer, linking monomers together to form a polymer. This chemical reaction also forms water molecules as byproducts.
An enzyme removes a hydroxyl (-OH) group from one monomer and a hydrogen (H) from another during dehydration synthesis, allowing the monomers to form a polymer. This mechanism bonds monomers covalently and produces water molecules. Complex biological components including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates depend on dehydration synthesis.
Eliminating water molecules strengthens chemical connections, making it easier to assemble bigger structures from smaller components. This response aids energy storage, structural stability, and information flow in living things.
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The ___________ inside the bladder is formed by imaginary lines connecting the two ureter openings and the urethral opening.
Answer: internal sphincter
Explanation: a type of muscular valve. It helps prevent urine from leaking out.
is an earthquake an
example of direct or
indirect
Answer:
i feel like there should be more to the question so you can get a better answer but i will say direct
Explanation:
sorry if im wrong
Which organism exhibits behavioral adaptation?
A- An owl with large pupils and eyes that enable it to see better at night
B- A possum playing dead to increase its chances of survival
C- An insect that mimics its environment to hide from its predators
D- A desert plant that sheds its leaves to lessen water loss during the dry season
This is form the Edge Biology test btw
A possum playing dead to increase its chances of survival organism exhibits behavioral adaptation. Correct Option is 2.
Behavioral adaptations refer to the actions or responses exhibited by organisms in response to their environment or specific stimuli to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. Among the options provided, choice B, a possum playing dead to increase its chances of survival, best represents a behavioral adaptation.
When a possum plays dead (a behavior known as "playing possum" or "playing dead"), it is exhibiting a defensive response to threats or predators. When confronted by a potential predator, a possum will feign death, becoming limp and unresponsive. This behavior can deceive predators into thinking that the possum is no longer a threat or potential prey, giving the possum a chance to escape from danger.
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place help my plase and thanks.
"We may not know about all organisms present in the ancient world since not all organisms on Earth can be fossilized". The best statement is that Organisms that have soft bodies decay before they fossilize.
What are the soft body animals?The animals represented via way of means of those newly found fossils, which include sponges, annelid worms, mollusks, and horseshoe crabs, lived at some stage in the Ordovician length among 480 million and 472 million years ago, making them the oldest ever found at some stage in this length.
For a soft-bodied animal to be fossilized, its frame should be blanketed from decomposition. The frame is typically uncovered to air and water with quite a little oxygen, so it decomposes rapidly. The animal is probable to be fossilized best if it's miles buried quickly after it dies (or whilst it's miles buried may be fossilized.
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What does the sequence of amino acids tell you about an organism and its relationship to another?
Would they be similar or different? Why?
Answer: Because the amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by its DNA sequence, a gene shared by two closely related animals should have amino acid sequences that are similar, if not identical. Because closely related species split from one another very recently in the evolutionary timeline, this is the case.
Explanation: hope this helps you <33
What are two ways translation is regulated?
Answer:
through changes in the availability or activity of the "helper"
Explanation:
This process involves many "helper" proteins, which make sure the ribosome is correctly positioned. Translation can be regulated globally (for every mRNA in the cell) proteins.
Which president founded the environmental protection agency?.
Answer: I think it was Richard Nixon.
I'm not completely sure about it, but I hope this helps!! :)
Answer:
President Richard Nixon
Explanation:
President Nixon signed Reorganization Plan calling for the establishment of an Environmental Protection Agency
Individuals in a population that have traits or abilities that give them a competitive advantage over other population members are more likely to survive and reproduce. this principle is
called what? a. species separation b. genetic mutation c. genetic resistance d. naturalselection
According to the research, population members that are more likely to survive and reproduce is a principle called natural selection.
What is natural selection?It is the process of adaptation to the environment by which only living beings with certain characteristics reproduce and survive.
Better-adapted organisms crowd out less-adapted ones by slowly accumulating favorable genetic changes in the population over generations.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, population members that are more likely to survive and reproduce is a principle called natural selection.
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It is important for newly developed neurons to form synapses with other neurons. Which cells are most responsible for guiding the formation of these particular junctions?.
The cells that are most responsible for guiding the formation of these particular synapses are astrocytes.
What is synapsis?Synapsis can be defined as the site of interaction that contain nerve cells in the nervous system.
Synapsis produces the transmission of electric impulses among different cells of the nervous system.
In conclusion, the cells that are most responsible for guiding the formation of these particular junctions are astrocytes.
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In the total time of the United States space program, how many space flight tragedies have occurred? 1 2 None 5
About 20 astronaut have faced fatalities during the space program.
Answer:
2
Explanatioin:
DO reasearch about all the space launches
Which of the following is a direct result of deforestation? (4 points)
Fewer storms
Habitat loss
Increased oxygen levels
Severe weather increase
The direct result of deforestation is habitat loss.
What is deforestation?Deforestation is defined as the purposeful felling of trees which are used for domestic use and the space created is used for agricultural purposes
The direct impact of deforestation is the effect it has on the arboreal habitat. The animals that live on trees have their habitats destroyed.
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154. Two parent Holstein (black-and-white) cattle have multiple offspring. The fur ranges from black only, white only, and black and white. Which process best explains the variations in the offspring?
A. independent assortment
B. dominance
C. gene linkage
Which structure is present in bacteria but not in a virus? O nucleic acid O capsid O cell membrane O envelope
Answer:c(cell membrane
Explanation:Quizlet said so
Understand biological structures and the different human body systems
Answer:
The nine major organ systems in the human body are the integumentary system, the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the excretory system, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the reproductive
hope it helps you
1. A red flowered individual that is homozygous dominant for red flowers. Write the genotype____ and phenotype____ for the following individuals.
2. A red flowered individual that is heterozygous for red flowers.
Genotype:______ Phenotype____. Write the gamete possibilities for the following individuals.
3. Rr Gametes:___. ____
4. rr Gametes: ___. ____
Answer:
1. genotype: RR; phenotype: red
2. Genotype: RR, Rr, rR: red rr: not red
3. RR, rr or Rr, Rr
4. only Rr, Rr it's the only combo that would give us a recessive gene
Explanation:
Genotype is the alleles, phenotype is the actual color or the physical manifestation of those alleles
marking brainlist!!!!
On average, women:
carry more body fat than men.
tend to carry extra weight around their bellies.
usually have around 14% body fat and men have around 22%.
None of the choices are correct.
On average, women tend to carry extra weight around their bellies. Thus, option "B" is correct.
What is belly fat?An excess in fat will cause it deposited in various parts of the body. One of the locations is the visceral part of the digestive system in the belly. This will cause the belly to look bloated and called "beer belly" or "central obesity". The fat is also located in the subcutaneous part of the skin.
Thus, option "B" is correct.
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Please i need the answer quickly
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
it can't be considered due to the changes of oxygen levels,species from the ecosystem will get affected.
There are two different species of finch that live on the same small island, species a and species b. both species successfully feed and reproduce on the island. species a nests in pine trees and eats large seeds. species b nests in hollowed-out dead logs and eats small insects. both bird species a and species b can most likely survive on the same small island because they
Answer:
both bird species can live on the same island because they live in different environments of the island meaning they don't have to fight over the same resources. Meaning both bird species can survive.
Explanation:
HURRY! I ONLY GOT SO LONG
The best descriptions are those that correctly describe the terms or concepts ecology.
Which descriptions best fit the given terms?The study of living things and their non-living is ecology.
The description of a given term provides information about that term or concept.
The best description of the given terms are as follows:
Mutualism - a relationship where both organisms benefits Commensalism - a a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected Producers - organisms that make their own foodFood web - show energy flow in an ecosystem Biome - a large area defined by climate and organisms that live there Stability - ability of an ecosystem to respond to change Exponential - growth pattern at constant rateCarrying capacity Food chain Limiting factor Parasitism Trophic levels Biodiversity Abiotic factors Population ClimateBiosphere Consumers Keystone speciesCommunityTherefore, the best descriptions are those that correctly describe the terms or concepts.
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Which of the following is a direct result of deforestation? (4 points)
Fewer storms
Habitat loss
Increased oxygen levels
Severe weather increase
The option that is a direct result of deforestation is habitat loss. Details about deforestation can be found below.
What is deforestation?Deforestation is the process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else, especially with an agricultural system.
Deforestation is often caused by the need to build non-agricultural resources.
However, destroying forest is synonymous to destroying the habitats of living organisms.
Therefore, the option that is a direct result of deforestation is habitat loss.
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Which structure in plants produces a substance that protects extending roots from developing fricton
What do you think are the scientific names for two atoms covalently bonded
together?
The scientific names for two atoms covalently bonded are : Hydrogen and oxygen
Covalent bondingCovalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between two atoms. This type of bonding occurs between two or more nonmetals.
Elements formed by covalent bonds are non-metal elements and the atoms that form covalent bonds are non-metal atoms. the scientific names of two atoms that are covalently bonded are ; hydrogen and oxygen to form water
H₂ + O = H₂O
Hence we can conclude that The scientific names for two atoms covalently bonded are : Hydrogen and oxygen.
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Which term best describes the difference in colors of the birds below?
natural selection
Reproductive maturity
Genetic variation
Genetic drift
Answer:
Genetic variation
Explanation:
it would either be genetic variation or natural selection but with natural selection, there is usually a reason why a certain color showed up whereas with genetic variation anything can happen.
Please describe the process of natural selection in your own words by using an example.
Answer:
natural selection is animals slowly adapting to its environment
an example is giraffes, giraffes with longer necks will be able to consume more food than giraffes with shorter necks as they they can reach for the leaves on trees. over time the giraffes with shorter necks become extinct and giraffes with longer necks still remain.
Staphylococcus aureus, or staph, is a bacteria that is commonly found in the nose and on the skin of humans. While it is typically not harmful to humans, it is sometimes able to enter the body through an injury or broken skin, and get into the bloodstream. When this happens, it can cause a serious infection called sepsis. Sepsis can cause an individual to go into shock and bodily organs to stop functioning. Symptoms of sepsis include inflammation, fever or hypothermia, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing.
A microscopic image of staphylococcus aureus is shown.
Which immune system component initially results in the inflammation and responds quickly when Staphylococcus aureus enters the bloodstream?
complement system
phagocytes
Langerhans cells
B lymphocytes
The complement system will work first in the given scenario of Staphylococcus aureus infection, i.e., option A.
What is a complement system?The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system component that improves (complements) antibodies' and phagocytic cells' ability to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.
In the given scenario, when Staphylococcus aureus enter the body through an injury or broken skin, and get into the bloodstream then the complement system initiate the phagocytosis.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Answer:
its a, complement system
Explanation:
i thought it was phagocytes and got it wrong on edge, trust its a
Match each item with the correct description.
1. pumps blood to the lungs
left ventricle
2. pumps blood to the body
arteries
3. receives blood from the body
left atrium
4. receives blood from the lungs
right ventricle
5. carry blood toward the heart
right atrium
6. carry blood away from the heart
veins
I can't remember what it is :P
The skin is an organ that protects the body and helps with sensing the environment.
Which of the following is true about skin?
Choose 1 answer:
(A) the skin is made up of tissue.
(B) the skin is made up of different tissues that carry out the same function.
(C) the skin is made up of tissues with different functions that work together.
Answer:
A
Explanation: the skin is made up of tissue
The skin is made up of tissues with different functions that work together. So, the correct option is (C).
What is Skin?Skin is defined as the largest organ of the body where skin and its derivatives such as hair, nails, sweat and oil glands form the integumentary system. The main function of the skin is protection which protects the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals and temperature.
The skin is made up of water, proteins, fats and minerals that protect the body from germs and regulate body temperature. Skin nerves help to feel sensations like hot and cold.
It is made up of three layers, the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis which are anatomically distinct. Its structure is made up of a complex network that serves as the body's initial barrier against pathogens, UV light and chemicals, and mechanical injury.
Thus, the skin is made up of tissues with different functions that work together. So, the correct option is (C).
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How many trophic levels can monkeys occupy in a food chain?
Answer:
A monkey can occupy two tropic levels in a food chain. These levels can be primary consumers or secondary consumers.
Answer:
two, because they eat plants and insects
Explanation: