Troposphere atmosphere layer does this process happen The acidity of rainwater comes from the natural presence of three substances (CO2, NO, and SO2) found in the troposphere
What is troposphere?The lowest part of Earth's atmosphere is called the troposphere. The troposphere contains the majority of the mass of the atmosphere (about 75–80%). The troposphere is where most clouds of all varieties may be found, and this is also where most weather takes place.The lowest portion of our atmosphere is called the troposphere. It begins below the surface and rises to a height of roughly 10 kilometers (6.2 miles, or about 33,000 feet) above sea level. The troposphere, where we are located, is the lowest layer where most weather happens.Most weather occurrences occur in the troposphere, which is the first and lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It includes 99% of the planet's water vapour and aerosol mass and 75% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere.To learn more about troposphere refers to:
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A fluid flowing in a pipe has 1.05 in diameter. If the fluid has density, viscosity and
volumetric flow rate are 62.3 , 1.2 cP and 35 gpm respectively. Calculate: 3
a) The velocity.
b) Reynolds number ()
[2]- Find the following
a) Drive an expression to find a pressure of methane gas at point B b) If the temperature of methane is 100 F, Calculate pressure of
methane gas at point B.
c) Calculate pressure of oil at point C.
PA = 1, 000 psig
[3]- If the water is pumped down one well and the displaced oil which flows up through well exit (see the fig below), drive an expression to find a pressure of inlet water Pw needed to displace oil when the water/oil interfacial tension σ is applied.
Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion.
a) The velocity of the fluid:
V = 35 gpm / (π * (1.05 in)^2 / 4) = 7.09 ft/s
b) Reynolds number:
Re = (62.3 lbm/ft^3 * 7.09 ft/s * 1.05 in) / (1.2 cP) = 4,211.9
[2]- a) Expression to find pressure of methane gas at point B:
PB = PA + rgh
b) Pressure of methane gas at point B:
PB = 1,000 psig + (0.072 lbm/ft^3 * 32.2 ft * 0.0689 psia/ft) = 1,233.5 psig
c) Pressure of oil at point C:
PC = PB - 0.433 psia/ft * 32.2 ft = 1,093.3 psig
[3]- Expression to find pressure of inlet water Pw needed to displace oil:
Pw = PC + (σ / r) * (h2 - h1)
Pw = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * (32.2 ft - 0 ft) = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * 32.2 ft.
What is velocity?
Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion. It is commonly represented by the symbol 'v' and is measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity includes both the speed and the direction of the object. For example, if an object is moving north at 10 m/s, its velocity would be 10 m/s north. Velocity can also be determined by taking the derivative of the position function with respect to time.
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A sample of helium was compressed at 35 °C from a volume of 0.5 L to 0.25 L where the pressure is 500 mmHg. What was the original pressure?
Answer:
The ideal gas law is a formula that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. It can be expressed as:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Since the number of moles and the temperature are constant in this problem, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the pressure:
P = (nRT) / V
Plugging in the known values, we get:
P = (nRT) / V
= (n * R * (35 + 273)) / 0.25 L
= (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L
We are given that the pressure is 500 mmHg and the volume is 0.25 L at this pressure, so we can set these equal:
500 mmHg = (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L
Solving for n, we get:
n = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)
We know that the pressure and volume of the gas at its original state are what we are trying to solve for. Let's call the original pressure P_0 and the original volume V_0. We can then express the relationship between the original and final state of the gas as:
P_0 * V_0 = n * R * T
Substituting the expression we found for n and the known values, we get:
P_0 * V_0 = ((500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)) * R * 308 K
Solving for P_0, we get:
P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K) * (R * 308 K) / V_0
= (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (V_0)
Since V_0 = 0.5 L, we can substitute this value to get:
P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (0.5 L)
= 500 mmHg / 2
= 250 mmHg
Therefore, the original pressure of the gas was 250 mmHg.
O
Question 2 of 10
Which of the following values best classifies a bond between 2 atoms as
being covalent?
A. An electronegativity difference of greater than 2.7 between the
atoms
B. An electronegativity difference of greater than 1.7 between the
atoms
C. An electronegativity difference of less than 1.7 between the atoms
D. An electronegativity difference of less than 2.7 between the atoms
← PREVIOUS
SUBMIT
A bond between 2 atoms as being covalent an electronegativity difference of greater than 1.7 between the atoms.
What is bond?Bond is a debt instrument, which is issued by governments and corporations. These bonds are used to raise capital for various projects and investments. Bonds are a form of loan and investors are usually paid a fixed interest rate for lending their money. Bonds are typically issued for a fixed period of time, usually for a period of 5-30 years, and have a fixed maturity date. Investors receive interest payments at regular intervals and receive the principal amount of the bond at the end of the period.
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Help me please please i is in middle school need help ple
the answer is that it is a
You pour some hot water into a metal cup. After a minute,
you notice that the handle of the cup has become hot.
Explain, using your knowledge of heat transfer, why the
handle of the cup heats up. How would you design the cup so
that the handle does not heat up?
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a temperature that is higher to one that is lower.
Thermoenergy: What is it?The energy that exists in a system and controls its temperature is known as thermal energy. Heat is thermal energy in motion. Thermodynamics is a comprehensive field of physics that examines how heat and work are transferred between diverse systems.
Energy of what kind is thermal energy?The energy that results from atoms and molecules moving around within a substance is known as thermal energy, often known as heat. When these particles move more quickly, heat is produced. Geothermal energy is the earth's heat energy. Energy held within motion is referred to as motion energy.
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S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 12.1 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Sulfur 32
Oxygen 16
The amount, in grams, of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.
Stoichiometric problemFrom the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] to water is 3:1.
This means that for every 3 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex], 1 mole of water will be produced.
3 mole [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 1 mole water
12.1 moles HNO3 = 12.1x1/3
= 4.03 mol
Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol
Thus, the mass of 4.03 mol of water = 4.03 x 18 = 72.54 grams
In other words, going by the equation of the reaction, the mass of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.
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I want to know how to solve this question by step by step.
Question: What is the pH value of 500ml of an aqueous solution of 0.005 mol HCl ?
The pH value of 500 mL of an aqueous solution of 0.005 mole HCl is 2
How do I determine the pH of the solution?We'll begin our calculations by obtaining the molarity of the solution. Details below:
Volume of solution = 500 mL = 500 / 1000 = 0.50 LMole of HCl = 0.005 moleMolarity = ?Molarity = mole / volume
Molarity = 0.005 / 0.50
Molarity = 0.01 M
Next, we shall obtain the concentration of the hydrogen ion, H⁺ in the solution. Details below:
HCl(aq) <=> H⁺(aq) + Cl¯(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of HCl contains 1 mole of H⁺
Therefore,
0.01 M HCl will also contain 0.01 M H⁺
Thus, the concentration of the hydrogen ion, H⁺ in the solution is 0.01 M
Finally, we shall determine the pH of the solution. Details below:
Concentration of hydrogen ion [H⁺] = 0.01 MpH of solution =?pH = -Log H⁺
pH = -Log 0.01
pH = 2
Thus, we can conclude that the pH of the solution is 2
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order these elements by decreasing electron affinity:
Na, Al, S, K, F
Answer:
increasing to decreasing:
F--- S--- Al--- Na--- K
not sure...
Although the seventh branch of the municipal police station has a close relationship with the community, the crime data is still higher than in previous years.
Answer:
The seventh branch of the municipal police station has implemented various initiatives to improve the relationship between the police and the community, including increased community engagement, increased police visibility, and increased collaboration between the police and local organizations. Despite these efforts, crime data has still increased over the past year, indicating that more needs to be done to reduce crime in the area.
Explanation:
Classify each of the following amines as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°):
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Primary (1°) amine
Secondary (2°) amine
Tertiary (3°) amine
Functional group can be interconverted into each their by the means of suitable reagent. Functional group are responsible for the chemical and physical properties of a compound. Therefore in the below given ways compound can bee classified.
What is functional group?A group of atoms forming a component of a molecule that accounts for a particular function or chemical behavior is called a functional group. There are so many functional group in organic chemistry.
first compound-------- secondary (2°)
second compound-------------- secondary (2°)
third compound-------------------- tertiary (3°)
fourth compound ----------------primary (1°)
fifth compound---------------primary (1°)
Therefore in the above given ways compound can bee classified.
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sap can be turned into syrup by
Answer: by boiling it
Explanation:
By boiling the sap to remove water, also to concentrate the sugar that makes maple syrup.
an empty 5L, solid steel scuba tank containing 2 ¨bobs" of particles has a pressure of 765 mmHg then it is completely filled to 32 ¨bobs" of gas what is the pressure and volume of the filled tank
The new volume of the system can be found to be 4.9 L.
What is the new volume?We have to know that we do use the Boyle's law when we are trying to get the association that we know that does exist when we are looking at the volume and the pressure of the gas and the both can be shown to be inversely proportional.
We then have that;
Initial pressure(P1) = 765 mmHg
Initial volume (V1) = 5 L
Final pressure (P2)= 780 mmHg
Final volume (V2) = ?
Then;
P1V1 = P2V2
V2 = 765 * 5/780
V2 = 4.9 L
As such, we can see from the calculation that the new volume that we would obtain is 4.9 L
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2. The nonmetals in the Groups 16 and 17________
a) lose electrons when they form ions
b) gain electrons making them an anion
c) all have ions with a -1 charge
d) end in -ate
All of the ions in groupings 16 and 17 of nonmetals have a charge of -1. Spontaneous non-metals include brittle both thermally & electrically insensitive compounds.
What other names do non-metals have?Non-metals are elements that frequently gain electrons during chemical processes to generate anions. These substances are electronegative ones. They lack luster, are fragile, and are poor heat- and electricity-conductors (except graphite). Non-metals come in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms.
What 20 nonmetals are there?Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, Mg, Aluminum, Potassium, & Calcium are the minerals within the first twenty elements. Hydrocarbons, Helium, Carbo, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrochloric acid, Neon, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Chlorinated, and Argon now comprise the non-metals that comprise the first twenty elements.
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A 1.00 L volume of HCl reacted completely with 2.00 L of 1.50 M Ca(OH)2 according to the balanced chemical equation below. 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 Right arrow. CaCl2 + 2H2O What was the molarity of the HCl solution? 0.375 M 1.50 M 3.00 M 6.00 M
Mass can be calculated by using moles which can be further calculated from multiplication of Molarity to volume. Therefore, the molarity of the HCl solution is 3M. the correct option is option C.
What is molarity?
Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/litre. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Other concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution
Mathematically,
2HCl + Ca(OH)[tex]_2[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] CaCl[tex]_2[/tex] + 2H[tex]_2[/tex]O
Molarity of HCL× Volume of HCL=Molarity of Ca(OH)[tex]_2[/tex] ×Volume of Ca(OH)[tex]_2[/tex]
Molarity of HCL× 1.00 L=1.50 M× 2.00 L
Molarity =3M
Therefore, the molarity of the HCl solution is 3M. the correct option is option C.
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Which statement is true about the potential energy diagram for an endothermic reaction? (5 points)
The potential energy of the products is equal to the potential energy of the reactants.
It starts at a higher energy value and ends at a lower energy value.
The energy value remains the same throughout the diagram.
Products have more potential energy than reactants.
In an endothermic reaction, potential energy of products is greater than that of the reactants. Reactants in endothermic reaction are absorbing enough heat energy to overcome this barrier potential. Hence, option d is correct.
What is an endothermic reaction?An endothermic reaction is the one in which heat energy is absorbed by the reactants from the surroundings. In endothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is positive.
The minimum energy that the reactants have to acquire for effective collision and reaction is called the activation energy. By absorbing heat energy reactants becomes more energetic and overcome this activation potential.
Therefore, in an endothermic reaction, the activation potential of products will be higher than that of the reactants . Hence, option d is correct.
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What would be the cathode in a magnesium and zinc galvanic cell?
O A. Mg2+
OB. Zn(s)
OC. Zn²+
OD. Mg(s)
The correct answer is C. Zn²+. In a magnesium and zinc galvanic cell, the anode is the magnesium (Mg(s)) and the cathode is the zinc (Zn²+).
What is zinc galvanic cell?A zinc galvanic cell is an electrochemical device that uses a zinc anode and a cathode of a different material, usually copper, to produce electricity. The reaction that occurs in the cell is a redox reaction, which involves the oxidation of zinc at the anode and the reduction of copper at the cathode.
Zn²+. In a magnesium and zinc galvanic cell, the anode is the magnesium (Mg(s)) and the cathode is the zinc (Zn²+). In this cell, the magnesium metal is oxidized to form Mg2+ ions which are released into the solution. The zinc ions (Zn²+) are then reduced to zinc metal (Zn(s)) at the cathode.
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Answer: B
Explanation:
What would be the pressure if a canister with a volume of 8.95 L holds 0.155 mol of N2 at 23C
The pressure of a container with a volume of 8.95 L holds 0.155 mol of N₂ at 23°C is 42.64 atm.
What is ideal gas law ?Ideal gas law is also called as perfect gas law. It is represent by the equation PV = nRT, where, 'P' is the pressure, 'V' is the volume in liters, 'n' is the number of particles in moles, 'T' is the temperature in Kelvin and 'R' is the ideal gas constant.
By ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
Where,
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = Number of moles
R = gas constant
T = Temperature
First convert temperature into kelvin
23°C + 273 = 296.15K
By putting given value in ideal gas equation we can solve this problem
P × 8.95 = 0.155 × 8.314 × 296.15 ÷ 8.95
= 381.64 ÷ 8.95
= 42.64 atm
Thus, The pressure of a container with a volume of 8.95 L holds 0.155 mol of N₂ at 23°C is 42.64 atm.
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0.0075mole of calcium trioxocrabonate IV is added to 0.015mole of a solution of hydrochloric acid .the volume of gas evolved at stp is
Answer:
1mole of gas at STP = 22.4dm3
0.0075 mole of CaCO3 = xdm3
cross multiply;
where 22.4dm3 = 22400cm3
x * 1 = 0.0075 * 22400 → 168cm3
the gas CO2 which evolved was gotten from CaCO3 so we use the number of moles of CaCO3 only
When compared to the keto form, the enol form of which of the following compounds is most stable?
1
II
III
IV
V
Which compound's? H is the least acidic?
nitroethane
propanenitrile
propanal
N,N-dimethylacetamide
acetone
Rank the compounds from strongest acids to weakest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to tautomerization. Therefore, out of keto and enol form, keto form is mot stable.
What is tautomerization?Tautomers are two structural isomers that are readily inconvertible and vary in the relative locations of their atoms while being in dynamic equilibrium. Tautomers essentially function as structural isomers.
Tautomerization is the term used to describe the tautomerization phenomena. Tautomerization includes the exchange of protons and electrons between molecules. Out of keto and enol form, keto form is mot stable.
Therefore, out of keto and enol form, keto form is mot stable.
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Sep Obtain Information What are the Limitations to Making Progress with Engineering Better Batteries ? What progress have Battery Engineers Made?
Limitations in making progress with Engineering Better Batteries is that electric vehicles are being prevented to make progress in terms of size and range , progress which is made is solid state batteries.
What are solid state batteries?
A solid-state battery is a battery technology that uses solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte, instead of the liquid or polymer gel electrolytes which are found in lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries.
While solid electrolytes were first discovered in the 19th century, several drawbacks have prevented it's widespread application. Developments in the late 20th and early 21st century have caused renewed interest in solid-state battery technologies, especially in the context of electric vehicles, starting in the 2010s.
Solid-state batteries can provide potential solutions for many problems of liquid Li-ion batteries, such as flammability, limited voltage, unstable solid-electrolyte interphase formation, poor cycling performance and strength.
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What is the number of moles of K+ ions are present in 250 mL of a 0.4M KCl solution?
a. 0.1 mol c. 0.62 mol
b. 0.16 mol d. 1.6 mol
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. Therefore, 0.025 is the number of moles of K+ ions are present in 250 mL of a 0.4M KCl solution.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Mathematically,
Molarity= number of moles of solute/volume of solution in litre
Substituting values in equation 1
0.4M=number of moles of solute/0.25
number of moles of solute=0.025moles
Therefore, 0.025 is the number of moles of K+ ions are present in 250 mL of a 0.4M KCl solution.
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If hydrogen diffuses at the rate of 10 cm³ per second from a given apparatus under given conditions of temperature and pressure, calculate under same conditions: a) the volume of oxygen (O₂) which diffuses in 20 seconds
Answer:
Volume of O₂ = 200cm³
Explanation:
Rate of diffusion of gas is directly and inversely proportional to the volume and time taken for the gas to diffuse completely.
Volume
R = -----------
time
let R₁ represent the rate at which the given volume of hydrogen gases diffuses and R₂ represent the rate at which the the volume of the oxygen gas diffused.
V₁, V₂, T₁ and T₂ follows the same process
If the two gases diffuses at the same rate, then;-
R₁ = R₂
V₁ V₂
---------- = ------------
T₁ T₂
V₂
10 = ----------------
20
V₂ = 20•10
V₂ = 200cm³
Therefore, the volume of oxygen that could diffuse in 20 seconds is 200cm³
Please help me I really need help
Answer:
wow okay um so first you go home, get in bed, never open that computer again
Explanation:
An experiment requires 65.00 g of sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is available at a price of $179.0 per 5.000 kg sodium chloride. What is the cost of the sodium chloride in the experiment (reported to the hundredths place because we're working with dollars)?
Answer: on
Explanation:5
The price of sodium chloride per 5 kg is 179 dollars. The experiment requires 65 g of NaCl. The price of65 g or 0.065 kg is 2.3 dollars.
What is sodium chloride?Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the combination of sodium metal and chlorine atom. Sodium metal has extra one electron in its valance shell and chlorine needs one more electron into its valence shell. Hence sodium donates its valence electron to chlorine forming NaCl.
NaCl is used as the table salt in food. It is a very important compound in our daily diet. Similarly NaCl is industrially important for many reaction especially in electrochemical processes.
It is given that, the price of 5 kg of NaCl = $179
required mass of NaCl = 65 g = 0.065 Kg
then , price of 0.065 kg = (0.065 × 179 /5) = $2.31
Therefore, the cost of NaCl in the experiment is 2.31 dollars.
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Write a skeleton molecular equation for the following chemical reaction: Sulfuric acid reacts with solid sulfur to form sulfur dioxide gas and water. You should have two equations, one word equation and one chemical equation.
Word equation: sulfuric acid + sulfur -> sulfur dioxide + water
Chemical equation: H2SO4 + S -> SO2 + H2O
Answer:
Word equation: Sulfuric acid + Sulfur → Sulfur Dioxide + Water
Chemical equation: H2SO4 + S → SO2 + H2O
Explanation:
What is the hybridization of all the atoms (other than hydrogen) in each of the following species?
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
The hybridization of C in HCN is sp because, carbon is triple bonded to the nitrogen. Hybridization of N in HCN is also sp. Hybridization of nitrogen in NH₄ is sp³.
What is hybridization?When tow atoms combines to form a molecules, the energy of individual atomic orbitals redistribute to form hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy. The type of hybridization s based on the on the involvement of s, p or d orbitals of the atom.
In HCN, carbon is triple bonded to nitrogen. Here, both s and p orbital contribution is 50%. Hence, both C and N in HCN in sp hybridized.
In NH₄, the nitrogen is sigma bonded to each hydrogen and the hybridization of N is sp³ here since, 3 p orbitals of nitrogen and one s orbital are involved.
In CH₃-, C is sp² hybridized and in CH₃⁺ , C is sp³ hybridized. The C in C(CH₃)₄ is also sp³ hybridized where carbon involves sigma bonds with the methyl groups.
N in NH₃ is sp³ hybridized. Oxygen in water is sp² hybridized. When water abstracts one more proton forming H₃O⁺ , oxygen forms sp³ hybridized orbitals.
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how do you test the methods of cleaning an oil spill while not risking the lives of the organisms
Answer:
Get a controlled environment, such as a pool or even a bowl. Pour some oil in it then you can test your solutions without causing any damage.
Explanation:
A classroom has one triple-beam balance. To complete an experiment, each student must use the balance for 6 minutes. The class meets for 1 hour. How many students can participate in the experiment?
As the class is of 1 hour and and each student uses for 6 minutes so in 1 hour 10 students will use the balance.
What is a balance?
A scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass. These are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balances, and weight balances.
The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distances from a fulcrum. One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while known masses are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the masses on the two plates are equal.
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An atom of carbon and an atom of element Z together have a mass of 6 amu less than double
the mass of an atom of oxygen. If an atom of oxygen has a mass of 16 amu and the mass of an
atom of carbon is 12 amu, what is the mass of an atom of element Z?
The mass of an atom of element Z is 4 amu. This can be determined by subtracting the mass of an atom of carbon (12 amu) and an atom of oxygen (16 amu) from double the mass of an atom of oxygen (32 amu). 32 amu - 12 amu - 16 amu = 4 amu.
What is atom of carbon?An atom of carbon is a basic building block of all organic materials. It is the 6th element in the periodic table and has an atomic number of 6. Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons, and have a valence of 4. This means that carbon atoms can form four bonds with other atoms. Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth, as it is essential for the formation of proteins, fatty acids, and other molecules necessary for life. Carbon atoms have the ability to form a wide variety of molecules with different properties, which makes them highly versatile and important in many different fields, such as medicine and engineering. Carbon is a non-metal, but can behave like a metal in certain circumstances. It is also the basis of the fossil fuels that power our society.
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Please help me fill in the blanks
Answer: ew i hate science but ive done that same thing before i dont remember the answers though
Explanation: