Caustic soda, NaOH, can be prepared commercially by the reaction of Na2CO3 with slaked lime, Ca(OH)2. 1.509 kg of NaOH can be obtained by treating 1.350 kg of Na2CO3 with Ca(OH)2.
what is the function of caustic soda ?Caustic soda means an alkali salt or Lye, which is the common name of sodium hydroxide due corrosive nature of this salt on animal and plant tissues.
It is used in a wide range of applications and the chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH, used as cleansing agent and also in manufacturing of washing soda.
sodium hydroxide cam also applied as the reagent in the laboratories, preparation of soda lime, used in extraction of aluminum by purifying bauxite.
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We can determine the potential of a single electrode by:____________.
a. attaching it to a voltmeter
b. determining the electronegativity of its component elements
c. measuring its mass
d. none of the above
Answer:
d. none of the above
Explanation:
An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.
The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.
The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.
However, there is no way of measuring the emf of a single half-cell directly.
The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.
Therefore, the correct option is D "none of the above"
An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.
What is an electrochemical cell?
An electrochemical cell is a device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it.
The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.
The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.
Hence the correct option is D.
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Match the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction.
1. Water is used to split a compound into two parts.
2. Water is a product in this reaction.
3. Synthesis reaction
4. Decomposition reaction
Answer:
1) Hydrolysis
2)Dehydration
3)Dehydration
4)Hydrolysis
Explanation:
Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of substances by water and depends on the chemistry, solubility, pH, and the oxidation–reduction (Eh or redox) potential of compound
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrolysis
With hydrolysis water will be a reactant, not a product, and is associated with breaking down substances. Hence 1 and 4 being a Hydrolysis reaction.
Dehydration on the other hand, is defined as :
In a dehydration reaction, either a hydroxyl group from one molecule combines with a hydrogen atom from the other molecule, or two hydrogen atoms from one molecule combine with an oxygen atom on the other molecule. In either case, water is released, and the two molecules are joined together.
https://www.albert.io/blog/dehydration-synthesis-ap-biology-crash-course/
Therefore it is associated with creating a bond of sorts, and water is a product, which is why 2 and 3 are dehydration.
Hope this helps!
The matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is as follows:
Water is used to split a compound into two parts: Hydrolysis reaction. Water is a product in this reaction: Dehydration reaction.Synthesis reaction: Dehydration reaction.Decomposition reaction: Hydrolysis reaction. What is a Dehydration reaction?A Dehydration reaction may be defined as a type of chemical reaction that significantly involves the elimination or removal of water from the reactant molecules. In this type of reaction, water is definitely one of the products.
Hydrolysis reaction is just opposite to the dehydration reaction. It is also known as hydration reaction. It is a type of decomposition reaction that involves water as reactant. It is a type of chemical reaction in which a molecule of water stimulates and breaks one or more chemical bonds in the entire reaction.
Therefore, the matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is well described above.
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Who at the top of the food web
Answer and Explanation:
Humans are one of the organisms at the top of a food web. Other animals are Orcas, Lions, Raptors, and others. These animals are called Ape.x Predators, because they are at the top of the food web.
#teamtrees #PAW (Plant And Water)
In the reaction represented by the equation: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3, what is the conversion factor of nitrogen to ammonia? Explain by using law of definite proportion
Answer:
10/3
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Answer:
The compound formula for the ammonia is
N
H
3
. It is a colorless gas. It is the result of the chemical reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen gas. The chemical reaction between the gases is shown below:
N
2
+
3
H
2
→
2
N
H
3
What method is used to removed the unreacted copper (II) carbonate?
Answer:
Filtration
Explanation:
Metal carbonate is insoluble, it is possible to filter off the unreacted substances leaving the desired salt solution
what is the colour of alkali
Answer: blue
Explanation:
The colours from yellow to red indicate an acidic solution, colours blue to violet indicate alkali and green colour indicates that a solution is neutral.
PLEASE SOMEONE HELP ASAP: why does alcohol dissolve permanent marker
Explanation:
Isopropyl alcohol is the solvent used in whiteboard markers. When it comes into contact with the permanent marker, the solvent breaks the cohesive force between the ink molecules and the whiteboard by solubilising them (i.e. returning them to solution).
Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
Answer:
D. the minerals they contain
Hope this answer is right!!
identify the limiting reactant
1.4 g of CO2 and 2.2 g of KOH in the reaction: CO2 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + H20
Please show work, will give brainliest
Answer:
KOH is the limiting reactant
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to identify the required limiting reactant by calculating the moles of water vapor produced by each reactant, CO2 and KOH, as shown below:
[tex]1.4gCO_2*\frac{1molCO_2}{44.01gCO_2}*\frac{1molH_2O}{1molCO_2}=0.0318mol H_2O\\\\2.2gKOH*\frac{1molKOH}{56.11gKOH}*\frac{1molH_2O}{2molKOH}=0.0196mol H_2O[/tex]
In such a way, since 2.2 grams of KOH yield the fewest moles of water vapor, we infer KOH is the limiting reactant.
Regards!
Is the bond formed between each pair of atoms pure covalent (a.k.a. nonpolar covalent), polar covalent, or ionic?
(a) I and I (b) Cs and Br (c) P and O
Electronegativity
Which of the following sets of elements is in the correct order of increasing atomic radius (smallest one first, etc.)?
A) Ga, Ge, As
B) B, Al, Ga
C) I, Br, Cl D) As, S, P E) P, S, C
Answer:
So, look up for electronegativity table
There's a continuum for deciding whether the bond is non-polar, polar, or ionic
If electronegativity difference is less than 0.4 it's non-polar
Explanation:
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Which substance will form a solution when mixed in liquid water?
A. He(g)
B. NH3(l)
C. SiO2(s)
D. C5H12(l)
Answer:
B. NH₃ (l) dissolves in water to form a solution
Explanation:
A solution is a uniform or homogenous mixture of two or more substances. The components of a solution are the solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved in another substance. The solvent is the substance which dissolves the solute.
Mixing the given solutes in water results innthe following:
A. Helium being an inert gas does not dissolve in water at all. Therefore, no solution is formed.
B. Liquid ammonia is very solution in water. When mixed with water, it dissolves in water to form aqueous ammonia solution. Aqueous ammonia is an alkaline solution of ammonia dissolved in water.
C. Silicon (iv) oxide, SiO₂, is a crystalline solid whichnis completely insoluble in water. Mixing it with water does not result in the formation of a solution.
D. Pentane, C₅H₁₂, is a liquid hydrocarbon substance which is insoluble in water. It does not mix with water to form a solution, rather it forms two separate immiscible layers of liquids.
Determine whether the compounds below could be used to prepare an buffer solution. Items (6 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) acetic acid Ka-1.8x10-5 ammonia Kb= 1.8x10 carbonic acid Ka-4.3x107 chlorous acid: calcium Ka-1.1x10-2 sulfuric acid hydroxide Categories CANNOT be used Drag and drop here Drag and drop here
Answer:
Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide
Ammonia with sulfuric acid
Explanation:
A buffer is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.
Weak acids reacts with strong bases to produce the conjugate base. In the right amount, you can produce a buffer. In the same way, you can produce a buffer from the mixture of weak bases with strong acids.
In the problem, you have weak acids (acetic acid, carbonic acid, chlorous acid), one weak base (ammonia), one strong base (calcium hydroxide) and one strong acid (Sulfuric acid).
Thus, the mixtures that can produce a buffer are:
Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide
And:
Ammonia with sulfuric acid
1) Give the full ground state electron configuration for As.
2) Give the full ground state electron configuration for Pb.
3) Give the ground state electron configuration for the ion that Cs forms. Is it more or less stable than the neutral atom?
4) Identify the isoelectronic (same number of electrons) elements. Show your work.
A) CI-, F., Br, 1-, At
B) N3-S2-, Br, Cst, Sr2+
C) N3, 02-, F., Na+, Mg2+
D) Lit, Nat, K+, Rb.st E) Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, He
5) Identify the elements correctly shown by decreasing radii size. Provide a brief reason.
A) N3->N
B) K+ >K
C)N > N3
D) Cu2+ > Cut
E) S-> S2
6) What period 3 element has the following ionization energies (all in kJ/moly? And, why? IE1 - 1000; IE2 = 2250; IE3 - 3360: IE4 = 4560; IE5 - 7010; IE6 = 8500; IE7 = 27,100
7) Place the following in order of decreasing IE]. Provide a reason. Cs Ar Mg
8) Write the reaction that represents electron affinity of potassium (K) atom? Is the product more or less stable than the reactant? Why?
9) Give the set of four quantum numbers that could represent the extra electron added (using the Aufbau principle) to the neutral Ne atom.
10) Which 2nd period element has the most negative electron affinity? Why? - Bonus questions
11) Which ionization process requires the most energy? Why?
A) Se(g) Set(g) +e-
B) Set(g) Se2+(g) +
C) Br(g) Br) +-
D) Brt (8) Br2+(g) +e
12) Place the following in order of decreasing metallic character. Explain your reason. P As K -
its answer aExplanation:
Difference between sieving and filtration
my answer
Explanation:
Answer. Filtration is the method of separating a solid from a liquid. A sieve sets a threshold calibration through which all undersized materials pass through. Filtration differs from sieving, where separation occurs at a single perforated layer (a sieve).
6. Calculate the percent yield when 0.631 g of precipitate is collected from the reaction of 35.0 mL of 0.100 M silver nitrate and 45.0 mL of 0.0800 M sodium bromide. Use the solubility rules to determine the identity of the precipitate.
Answer:
[tex]Y=96.0\%[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, considering the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium bromide, whereby sodium nitrate and silver bromide are produced:
[tex]NaBr+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgBr[/tex]
By bearing to mind the solubility rules, we infer the precipitate is silver bromide, whose moles are computed by using the molarity and volume of each reactant and then decide the correct value according to the limiting reactant:
[tex]n_{AgBr}=0.0350L*0.100molAgNO_3*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molAgNO_3}=0.00350mol AgBr\\\\n_{AgBr}=0.0450L*0.080molNaBr*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molNaBr}=0.0036molAgBr[/tex]
Thus, since sodium nitrate produces the smallest theoretical yield, we calculate the grams of silver nitrate precipitate by using the 0.00350 moles and its molar mass (187.77g/mol):
[tex]m=0.00350molAgBr*\frac{187.77gAgBr}{1molAgBr}=0.657g[/tex]
And finally the percent yield:
[tex]Y=\frac{0.631g}{0.657g}*100\%\\\\Y=96.0\%[/tex]
Regards!
Calculate number of silver atoms in
pure,
silver bracelet that
mass of 330, CAg=108. Na = 6.02x 10²3)
has
a
Answer:
[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the number of silver atoms in 330 grams of a silver bracelet by knowing 1 mole of silver has a mass of 108 grams and also contains 6.022x10²³ atoms; thus, the mathematical setup is shown below:
[tex]330g*\frac{1mol}{108g}*\frac{6.022x10^{23}atoms}{1mol}[/tex]
Which is equal to:
[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]
Regards!
where do all forms of energy except nuclear fission come from
Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy. This produces heat that creates steam, which a turbine generator uses to produce power. Nuclear power stations do not emit greenhouse gases since they do not burn fuel.
What is nuclear energy ?The energy found in an atom's nucleus, or core, is referred to as nuclear energy. All everything in the cosmos is made up of microscopic building blocks called atoms, and the nucleus is held together by energy. The compact nucleus of an atom has a tremendous amount of energy.
Atoms may generate enormous amounts of energy through two physical processes called fission and fusion. Through nuclear reactions, they produce millions of times more energy than conventional sources.
Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun and produces solar energy. In the sun's core, fusion happens when the protons of colliding hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms.
Thus, Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy.
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How many carbon dioxide molecules react to form one glucose molecule during photosynthesis
Answer:
6 molecules
Explanation:
Only three elements are present in the products of photosynthesis: oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. These same elements are present in the reactants of photosynthesis. Notice that it takes six molecules of water and six molecules of carbon dioxide to make one molecule of glucose
Answer:
6 molecules of carbone dioxide.
Difference between the hydrocarbons...Need help asap
Explanation:
Hydrocarbons are defined as organic compounds which are only made from carbon and hydrogen atoms.
There are mainly 3 types of hydrocarbons:
Alkanes are the type of hydrocarbons where a single bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n+2}[/tex], where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.Alkenes are the type of hydrocarbons where at least one double bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n}[/tex], where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.Alkynes are the type of hydrocarbons where at least one triple bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n-2}, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.The student adds 0.0010 mol of NaOH(s) to solution Y, and adds 0.0010 mol of NaOH(s) to solution Z. Assume that the volume of each solution does not change when the NaOH(s) is added. The pH of solution Y changes much more than the pH of solution Z changes. Explain this observation.
Answer:
The answer is in the explanation.
Explanation:
A buffer is defined as the aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. Buffers are able to avoid the pH change of a solution when strong acid or bases are added (As NaOH).
Based on the experiment, it is possible that the solution Z was a buffer and Y another kind of solution. For this reson, pH of the solution Y changes much more than the pH of solution Z changes despite the amount of NaOH added is the same in both solutions.
What is the density, to the nearest hundredths, of a metal with a volume of 3.00 cm3 and a mass of 8.13 g? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place values.
Answer:
2.7
Explanation:
HI(aq)+H2O(l)→ H3O+(aq)+I−(aq)
Match the words to the appropriate blanks in the below sentences.
a. The Bronsted-Lowry ace is :_________
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_________
c. The conjugate acid is :_________
d. The conjugate base is:________
1. H2O(l)
2. HI(aq)
3. I^-
4. H2O^+
Answer:
Given chemical reaction is:
HI(aq)+H2O(l)→ H3O+(aq)+I−(aq)
a. The Bronsted-Lowry ace is :_________
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_________
c. The conjugate acid is :_________
d. The conjugate base is:________
Explanation:
According to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory,
an acid is a substance, that is a proton donor.
A base is a proton acceptor.
The conjugate acid is formed from the base after gaining a proton.
The conjugate base is formed from the acid after losing a proton.
For the given reaction,
a. The Bronsted-Lowry acid is :__HI(aq)_______
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_H2O(l)________
c. The conjugate acid is :___H3O+(aq)______
d. The conjugate base is:___I-(aq)_____.
Answer:
Explanation:
Bronsted -Lawry acid are hydrogen ion donators . Here HI is Bronsted -Lawry acid.
HI ⇄ H⁺ + I⁻
Bronsted -Lawry base are those which can accept hydrogen ion .
I⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ HI .
Conjugate acid -base pair are shown below .
H₃O⁺ = H⁺ + H₂O .
conjugate acid conjugate base .
( strong acid ) ( weak base )
Using the formation of formaldehyde as a model, comment on photosynthesis and the formation of sugars using what we know about entropy and free energy.
Answer:
It produces free energy.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process which is used by the plant for producing energy in the form of ATP. This energy is used by the plants in different activities which enables the plant to grow and develop successfully. There are some factors which causes change in the rate of photosynthesis means the production of energy for the plant body. If the environmental factors are suitable, more energy is produced through the process of photosynthesis.
What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of CCl2F2
Answer:
Given molecule is CCl2F2.
What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of CCl2F2?
Explanation:
Dipole moment is a vector quantity.
The arrow end starts from a less electronegative atom and directs towards the more electronegative atom.
In the given molecule,
CCl2F2,
the central atom is carbon with sp3 hybridsation and there are no lone pairs on the central atom.
The molecule is tetrahedral but it is asymmetrical.
Because all the four bonded atoms are not same and there exists an electronegativity difference between F and Cl.
Hence, there exists a net dipole moment for the given molecule and the molecule is polar.
1. Consumers produce their own food.
True or false?
Please help I will give you 50 points
Answer:
false
Explanation:
consumers eat producers
Answer:
False. If they are talking about food today.
Compounds X and Y both have the formula C7H14. Both X and Y react with one molar equivalent of hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form 2-methylhexane. The heat of hydrogenation of X is greater than that of Y. Both X and Y react with HCl to give the same single C7H15Cl compound as the major product. What is the structure of X?
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
Alkenes undergo hydrogenation to give the corresponding alkanes. Where the structure of the original alkene is unknown, we can deduce the structure of the alkene from the structure of the products obtained when it undergoes various chemical reactions.
Now, the fact that we obtained 2-methylhexane upon hydrogenation and the two compounds had different heats of hydrogenation means that the two compounds were geometric isomers. The original compounds must have been cis-2-methyl-3-hexene and trans-2-methyl-3-hexene.
When reacted with HCl, the same compound C7H15Cl is formed because the stereo chemistry is removed.
However, we know that the trans isomer is more stable than the cis isomer hence the cis isomer always has a higher heat of hydrogenation than the trans isomer. Thus X is cis-2-methyl-3-hexene.
I’m confused on this review question
Answer:
1.58×10¯⁷ M.
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
pH = 6.8
Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] =?
The pH of a solution is given by the following equation:
pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]
With the above formula, we can obtain the concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] as follow:
pH = 6.8
Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] =?
pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]
6.8 = –Log [H₃O⁺]
Multiply both side by by –1
–6.8 = Log [H₃O⁺]
Take the anti log of –6.8
[H₃O⁺] = antilog (–6.8)
[H₃O⁺] = 1.58×10¯⁷ M
Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] in the solution is 1.58×10¯⁷ M.
The reduced coenzymes generated by the citric acid cycle donate electrons in a series of reactions called the electron transport chain. The energy from the electron transport chain is used for oxidative phosphorylation.
a) Which compounds donate electrons to the electron transport chain?
b) Which of the following is the final electron acceptor?
c) Which of the following are the final products of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
1. H20
2. NADH
3. NAD+
4. ATP
5. ADP
6. O2
7. FADH2
8. FAD
Answer:
a. NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons to the electron transport chain
b. Molecular oxygen, O₂, is the final electron acceptor
c. The final products of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are as follows: NAD+, FAD+, H₂O, and ATP
Explanation:
The citric cycle oxidize acetylCoA molecules to carbon dioxide and in the process produce the reduced coenzyme NADH and FADH₂. These reduced coenzymes then are able to donate their electrons to various complexes in the electron transport chain. The flow of these electrons through the electron transport chain is coupled to proton pumping out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. Ultimately, the energy of the proton motive force is used to drive synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phospahte and the electrons are accepted by molecular oxygen to produce water. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, the answers to the given questions a, b and c are as follows:
a. NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons to the electron transport chain
b. Molecular oxygen, O₂, is the final electron acceptor
c. The final products of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are as follows: NAD+, FAD+, H₂O, and ATP
The number of moles of Cu produced in this
reaction is
Answer:
the answer is 0.078
Explanation:
edge 2021
Answer:
The next answers are
4.96
Wax
oxygen
Calculated based on the chemical equation:
✔ theoretical yield
Measured directly:
✔ experimental yield
Determined experimentally:
✔ experimental yield
Determined using stoichiometry:
✔ theoretical yield
BOTH
ALL OF THE ABOVE
using accurate measurements
using pure chemicals
performing the reaction under the most ideal conditions
Explanation:
1 gallon =3.785 L how many liters of gasoline will fill a 10.00 tank
Answer:
37.85 L
Explanation:
3.785 x 10.00 = 37.85 L
it would take 37.85 L to fill a 10.00 tank
(sorry if im wrong pls dont report)
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