Brownstein, Inc, expects sales of $99,000 during each of the next 3 monthes. It will make monthly purchases of $62 000 hring this time Wages and salaries are S20 000 per month phr 4% of sal str stein expects to make a tax yment of S21,000 n te next month and a S11,000 purchase of fixed assets in the second month and to receive $7,000 in cash from the sale of an asset in the third month. All sales and purchases are for cash. Beginning cash and the minimum cash balance are assumed to be zero a. Construct a cash budget for the next 3 months b. Brownstein is unsure of the sales levels, but all other figures are certain If the most pessimistic sales figure is $82,000 per month and the most optimistic is 5121,000 per month, what are the monthly minimum and maximum ending cash balances that the firm can expect for each of the 1-month periods? c. Briefly discuss how the financial manager can use the data in parts a and b. To plan for financing needs

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Answer 1

Outlining how your money, investments, and other assets might help you reach your financial objectives is the process of financial planning.

How to plan for financing needs?

By dividing the retention rate by the return on equity, it is determined. The formula can be used to calculate EFN. Retained earnings minus increased liabilities equals the amount of external financing required. These figures are based on projections for both asset and liability growth.

The two main funding methods are debt and equity. There may be a way to finance specific business needs with government grants. Additionally, there might be incentives to establish a business in a certain area or to promote operations in a particular industry.

Here is a quick list of some typical costs that are associated with needs: Housing. Transportation. The following objectives are examples of potential ones from a financial plan: Eliminate your credit card debt. Set up a budget that you can stick to.

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Related Questions

An investor has an account with stock from two different companies. Last year, his stock in Company A was worth $2600 and his stock in Company B was worth $5900. The stock in Company A has increased 16% since last year and the stock in Company B has increased 18%. What was the total percentage increase in the investor's stock account

Answers

The total percentage increase in the investor's stock account of two different companies is 17.38% .

Given,

The stock of company A is $2600.

The stock of company B is $5900 .

Total stock = Stock of company A +  Stock of company B

                   = $2600 + $5900

                    =$8500

The increase in stock of company A by 16%

Therefore,

Stock in Company A = 2600 × 16 ÷ 100

                                  = $416

Stock in Company B = 5900 × 18 ÷ 100

                                   = $1062

So, the total increase in stock is $416 + $1062 = $1478.

The increase in percentage of investor's stock =  Total increase in stock ÷ Total stock × 100

                                       = $1478 ÷ $8500 × 100

                                       = 17.38% .

Thus, the total percentage increase in the investor's stock account is  17.38% .

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What idea is an important element of the US free enterprise system that encourages people to improve their material well being?

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The idea of competition is an important element of the US free enterprise system that encourages people to improve their material well being.

What principle motivates people to better their material well-being and is a key component of the US free enterprise system?Competition incentivizes entrepreneurs to introduce innovative products and services, which can increase the material well being of consumers.Entrepreneurs must be able to differentiate their products and services from those of their competitors in order to be successful.This competition can lead to lower prices, higher quality, and greater variety of goods and services that are available to consumers.It also encourages businesses to be more efficient and to use their resources more effectively.This competition can create an environment in which businesses are driven to innovate, creating more jobs and opportunities for people to improve their material well being.The US free enterprise system also encourages investment in new businesses, which can create more opportunities for people to improve their material well being.These investments can lead to the development of new technologies and products, which can open up new markets and create more jobs.In summary, competition is an important element of the US free enterprise system that encourages people to improve their material well being by providing incentives for innovation, investment, and entrepreneurship.

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Andy, age 65 and Melody, age 45 are married and will file a joint return. They have unreimbursed medical expenses of $5,000 and an AGI of $50,000. What are their deductible medical expenses on Schedule A, line 4

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Andy, age 65 and Melody, age 45 are married and will file a joint return. The deductible medical expenses on Schedule A, line 4 for Andy and Melody are $3,750.

This is due to the fact that they are over the age of 65 and have an AGI of $50,000.Since they are over the age of 65, they are subject to an additional threshold of 7.5% of their AGI which is $3,750 ($50,000 * 0.075). This means that their deductible medical expenses are the total medical expenses of $5,000 minus the threshold of $3,750, which equals $1,250.

Hence the correct answer is  $3,750.

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The adjustment for overapplied overhead ______ net income. Multiple choice question. increases both cost of goods sold and decreases both cost of goods sold and increases cost of goods sold and decreases decreases cost of goods sold and increases

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The adjustment for overapplied overhead decreases cost of goods sold and increases net income.

Net income refers to the amount of money a company earns after all expenses and taxes have been subtracted from its total revenue. It is also known as "net profit" or "bottom line." This figure is used to measure a company's financial performance and is important for investors and analysts to consider when evaluating a company's overall health.

Overapplied overhead happens when costs caused are not as much as what an organization represents in its financial plan. This implies that an organization comes in under financial plan and accomplishes a lower measure of above costs during the bookkeeping time frame.

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Many business people prefer to avoid difficult conversations because they worry that Multiple choice question. untruths that are told will lack credibility. listening to others will be boring. hearing critique of their work will take too much time. moments of honesty may backfire.

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D) They worry that moments of honesty might backfire, many businesspeople prefer to avoid difficult conversations.

How can business communication be improved in four main ways?Work on your listening and paying attention skills, as well as your collaboration skills.Pay Close Attention to How You Use Your Free Time.Make the Right Investments in Tools for Collaboration and Communication.How can one speak with an attitude?

Speak whatever comes to mind. Don't try to control what you say. What's the point if they're rude? You want to have an attitude, and having an attitude means not caring how your actions and words affect other people. Point out other people's mistakes.

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is a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups. Group of answer choices Strategic management Organizational behavior Human resources management Economic research

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It is acknowledged that the field of research known as organisational behaviour focuses on examining how individuals and groups of people behave in the workplace, including their attitudes, behaviours, and actions.

Understanding, explaining, and eventually changing the attitudes and actions of individuals and groups in organisations is the focus of the field of research known as organisational behaviour. These are organisational behavior's two main objectives. I/O psychology is the academic study of how people behave at work. It focuses on evaluating individual, group, and organisational dynamics and using that study to find answers to issues that boost an organization's performance and well-being as well as that of its workers.The study of organisational behaviour looks at how individuals, groups, and organisational structures affect behaviour inside organisations with the goal of using what is learned to increase an organization's success.

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A health insurance company wants the opportunity to cover the accounts of all county employees. In order to land this account, they must get the approval of the county board of directors. The board members mention that they are taking some time off to prepare for the holidays and say that the company might stay on their minds if they were given some holiday spending cash. What kind of crime is this an example of

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This is an example of bribery. Bribery is the act of offering something of value, such as money, goods, services, or other benefits, in exchange for influence or power. In this case, the health insurance company offers the regional board of directors money in exchange for agreeing to their services.

Bribery is a serious crime in many countries and can lead to civil and criminal penalties, including fines, imprisonment or even loss of public office. This kind of behavior undermines public confidence in the integrity of elected officials and can have long-term consequences for the reputation of the company concerned.

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What problems can be solved by algorithmic?

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Any form of problem, be it mathematical, logical, or complicated, can be addressed by an algorithm.

What issues are algorithms unable to resolve?An algorithm cannot address either of two types of issues. Unsolvable issues. Theoretically, no algorithm could possibly address these issues. The halting problem is an intractable decision problem (with a yes/no response).Any form of problem, be it mathematical, logical, or complicated, can be addressed by an algorithm. Example: Depth-first search, salesmen on the road, sorting formulas, etc. However, the algorithm would arrive at a finite answer after a number of steps before coming to an end.There are several recognised to be formally undecidable issues, therefore there is no technique that can fully resolve them.

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Suppose that a competitive market is initially in equilibrium. Then demand increases. If some resources used in production are not available in sufficient quantities for entering firms,
a. the long-run market supply curve will be upward sloping.
b. the long-run market supply curve will be perfectly elastic.
c. in the long run firms will suffer economic losses, leading them to exit the industry.
d. the number of firms will decrease, and the market will become a monopoly.

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Then demand increases. If some resources used in production are not available in sufficient quantities for entering firms, d. the number of firms will decrease, and the market will become a monopoly.

Companies are price makers in a monopolistic market because they set the prices for goods and services. Prices for goods and services are typically high in this type of market because businesses enjoy complete market dominance.

Companies control a majority of the market, which makes entry and departure points challenging. Due to the high entry barriers in monopolistic markets, even after new companies enter the market, it is frequently still dominated by one larger company.

Buyers typically have only one option for where to buy their goods or services in a monopolistic market because there is only one seller. In the absence of total entry barriers, such as a prohibition on competition or exclusive ownership of all natural resources, completely monopolistic markets are exceedingly uncommon and possibly even impossible.

To protect national interests or maintain vital infrastructure, a government may on occasion create a monopolistic market. For instance, a lot of utilities, like power or water authority, might be given monopoly status for a specific region.

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The law of demand is illustrated by a demand curve that is Group of answer choices constant upward sloping horizontal downward sloping vertical

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A demand curve with a falling slope serves as an example of the law of demand. According to the law of demand's definition, the demand curve slopes downward.

It's crucial to understand the difference between the quantity required and the demand itself. The quantity required is the total amount of items that buyers are willing to purchase at a specific price point. demand law and the demand curve. When a product's price rises, less people will buy it, according to the law of demand. In other words, if the product's price increases, the quantity demanded will decrease. Because of the rising opportunity costs for consumers, who may choose to forego purchasing it altogether.

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What message does the song in Brother, Can You Spare a Dime convey about socio economic situation in the USA?

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When the job is finished and their labor is no longer required, the song questions why the men who built the country—the railroads, the skyscrapers, the war, and the tillage of the land—should now find themselves abandoned and in bread lines.

One of the most well-known Great Depression-era American songs is "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" Its lyrics were written by Yip Harburg and the music was created by Jay Gorney for the 1932 musical revue Americana. The melody is based on a Russian-Jewish lullaby. The song portrays the tale of the universal everyman, whose hard work toward realizing the American ideal has been thwarted by the financial crisis. It was written primarily in a minor key, which is unusual for a Broadway song but appropriate given the theme.

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Affirmative action programs Question 39 options: involve the promotion of unqualified employees. only involve the training of individuals. are not very commonly used anymore because of reverse discrimination concerns. involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals.

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Affirmative action programs involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals. Hence, option (d) can be regarded as the relevant choice of answer.

Give a brief account on affirmative action.

In the United States, affirmative action refers to a proactive endeavour to increase the job or educational possibilities for women and members of underrepresented groups. Affirmative action is a set of policies, programmes, and practises that give minorities and women limited preferences in job hiring, admission to higher education institutions, the awarding of government contracts, and other social benefits. It was first implemented by the government as a response to the effects of pervasive discrimination against these groups. Age, gender, ethnic origin, and race are typical affirmative action eligibility factors. While civil rights law was removing the legal justification for discrimination, the Johnson administration (1963–1969) launched affirmative action to increase chances for African Americans.

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What are the 4 types of ownership?

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1. Sole Proprietor: This type of business is owned and operated by one person and the owner is responsible for all liabilities and debts. This means that the owner is personally liable for any losses caused by the business.

2. Partnership: This type of business is jointly owned and operated by two or more people. Each partner is personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business, as well as his own share of the profits.

3. Corporation: This type of business is owned by shareholders who have limited liability for the debts and obligations of the business. The shareholders elect the board of directors, which oversees the operation of the company.

4. Limited Liability Company (LLC): This type of business allows for limited liability of the owners as well as deferred taxation. LLCs are often used for small businesses. LLC owners are called members and have the ability to manage the business or appoint a manager.

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If trade between nations is prohibited, Group of answer choices nations will more easily achieve specialization in production and end up consuming more. nations will be unable to specialize in what they are good at and therefore end up consuming less. nations can refine their ability to allocate resources and therefore raise consumption. nations can increase their public welfare.

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If trade between nations is prohibited, nations will be unable to specialize in what they are good at and therefore end up consuming less

Nations will not be able to benefit from comparative advantage, which is the capacity of a country to create a commodity or service at a lower opportunity cost than another one if commerce among the nations is outlawed. Without commerce, nations will be compelled to create all of their own commodities and services, even if they are not as effective at it.

This will result in increased expenses and decreased productivity, which will decrease the total consumption of commodities. Access to a bigger market is another benefit of trade, which can raise the demand for a nation's products and services and, as a result, its output and consumption.

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According to Crane et al, globalization (as defined in terms of the closer integration of economic activities) is particularly relevant for business ethics, and this is evident in three areas: culture, law, and ______________.

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Business ethics are particularly affected by globalization as it relates to the deterritorialization of economic activity, and this is clear in three key areas: culture, law, and accountability.

How do culture and corporate ethics intersect?

Additionally, business ethics and culture entail that management and personnel must uphold moral principles in their interactions with clients from diverse cultures. One illustration would be a corporation that produces electrical products and has a branch in another nation where it also produces related products.

Which Seven Business Ethics Apply?

The subject of business ethics is dynamic. The twelve basic ethical values are: honesty, fairness, leadership, integrity, compassion, respect, responsibility, loyalty, observance of the law, openness, and consideration of the environment.

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Nori files a suit against Mica to enforce an oral contract for the sale of lakeshore property that would otherwise be unenforceable under the Statute of Frauds. The court could enforce the deal if:
Nori foreseeably and justifiably relied on Mica's promised to her detriment
Mica denies the existence of any contract
neither party has begun to perform
the deal does not involve customized goods

Answers

The court could enforce such a contract if a) Nori foreseeably and justifiably relied on Mica's promise to her detriment.

The promisor may be restrained from contesting the existence and legality of the contract if the promisee properly depends on the promise on which the promisor made the promise, to the prejudice of the promisee.

A substantive rule of contract law that states that if the evidence conflicts with or modifies the terms of a written contract, the court will not allow evidence of the parties' prior conversations, oral or written agreements, or contemporaneous oral agreements.

A verbal agreement is enforceable under the Uniform Commercial Code to the degree that either the buyer or the seller has accepted delivery of the items covered by the agreement.

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There are economic concerns surrounding the products that have been genetically engineered for particular traits, including pharmaceutical products, crops, and enzymes used in manufacturing processes. What are the proposed economic concerns that affect society

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The change of the original gene is the economic worry that society has with products that are genetically engineered for certain qualities, such as medications, crops, and enzymes used in industry and industrial processes.

Which one of the following describes a genetic engineering disadvantage?

There are occasionally dormant routes in plants that lead to toxic substances. Genetic engineering has the potential to revive these latent processes, which would also increase the levels of dangerous compounds in the plants.

What benefits and drawbacks does genetic engineering offer to our culture?

It was feasible to generate crop kinds that were thought to be "more advantageous" thanks to genetic engineering. Contemporary genetic modification is more gene-specific than selective breeding. The potential for selective breeding to produce undesirable features is one of its drawbacks.

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Scarcity of economic resources _____. Multiple choice question. restricts options and demands choices results in poverty and unequal distribution of wealth results in deflation leads to the production of unlimited goods and services

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Scarcity of economic resources restricts options and demands . so the correct answer is restrict options and demands.

A economic resource is everything that is easily accessible to us in our environment, is economically feasible, has access to modern technology, is culturally sustainable, and aids in meeting our needs and gratifying our desires. Resources can be loosely divided into groups that are renewable and non-renewable based on their availability. They can also be divided into real and potential categories, biotic and abiotic categories, localized and universal categories, and categories based on their origin on the basis of their level of development and application (private, community-owned, national and international resources). As technology advances, a thing might eventually turn into a resource. Improved wellbeing, increased revenue, and improved system performance can all be the results of smart resource management.

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What is the character of a gain resulting from the sale of a piece of land used in an active trade or business for two years?
Question options:
O Capital
O Ordinary
O Section 1231 (and may receive LTCG treatment)
O Investment
O None of the above

Answers

Capital gain is the character of a gain resulting from the sale of a piece of land used in an active trade or business for two years.

Income from the sale of real estate beyond 24 months is considered a long-term capital gain and is taxed at 20% with indexation. When calculating LTCG, the taxpayer should use the Cost Inflation Index (CII) published by the income tax department to determine the Indexed Cost of Acquisition.

When a capital asset is sold, its value increases, and this is referred to as a capital gain. Simply put, a capital gain happens when you sell an asset for more money than you paid for it initially.

The profit made from the selling of an asset, such as stocks, bonds, or real estate, is known as a capital gain. When an asset's selling price is higher than its original acquisition price, a capital gain is realized.

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How does the government control the labor in a command economy?

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The government decides the means of product and owns the diligence to produce goods and services for the public. The government prices and produces goods and services that it thinks to benefit the people.

Ignores consumer preferences. This rapid-fire rallying frequently means command husbandry mows down other societal requirements. For illustration, the government tells workers what jobs they must fulfill, discouraging them from moving. The goods produced are not always grounded on consumer demand.   Command economy is made possible by a high degree of state power, meaning the government owns land and primary diligence and largely controls the financial system.

Give three exemplifications of government control over the factors of production in a command frugality. The government generally owns nearly all of the land in a command frugality. In addition, they also give the utmost capital since the maturity of the structures, machines, and tools is government possessed.

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Juan is interested in becoming a machinist, but he is worried about finding a job at manufacture. which of the following statements are most accurate to his response to his concerns
A. in our global economy, machinist jobs no longer exist
B. In our global economy, most available jobs will be in manufacturing, but service jobs exist too.
C. in our global economy, the only jobs available will be service jobs.
D. in our global economy, most job growth will be in services but manufacturing jobs will exist, too.

Answers

The most accurate statement for your response to Juan's concerns is that in our global economy, most of the job growth will be in services, but there will also be manufacturing jobs. Option D is correct.

How to identify trends in jobs?

For this, it is necessary to carry out a structured analysis of trends in the local and global economy. Jobs will generally follow market trends.

We can say that there is an increase in jobs in services due to the fact that the industry is increasingly automated and this trend will continue to grow in the coming years.

Therefore, it is necessary for Juan to seek to qualify professionally and educationally to adapt to the new demands of the current job market.

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a transaction in which a new life insurance policy is purchased and an existing life insurance policy is surrendered is called

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A transaction in which a new life insurance policy is purchased and an existing life insurance policy is surrendered is called replacement. When a life insurance policy is cancelled, the policyholder is assessed a fee known as a surrender charge.

The expense of retaining the insurance policy on the insurance provider's books is covered by the fee. A "surrender fee" is another name for a surrendered charge. The amount a policyholder actually receives if they attempt to access a policy's cash value is known as the surrender value. The surrender cash value and, in the case of annuities, the annuity surrender value are further names for the concept. When a life insurance policy is surrendered, it is cancelled and the owner is paid the surrender value.

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By the fourth quarter of 2018, U.S. households had accumulated $15.5 trillion in housing equity, which represents about 15 percent of their net worth. What proportion of U.S. households own their home

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Two-thirds of households in the United States own their own home. In the year 2021, the homeownership rate in the United States was 65.5%.

The proportion of occupied households that are occupied by the owners is known as the homeownership rate. Before the 2007-2009 recession, which decimated the housing market, this reached its peak in 2004.

How many American households own a home?

Real estate is owned by 64% of Americans. 35 percent of people in the United States do not own a home. Since the 1940s, homeownership rates in the United States have increased to nearly 65%.

In 2022, what proportion of Americans will own homes?

The homeownership rate of 66.0 percent was not statistically different from the rate in the second quarter of 2022 (65.8 percent), which was 0.6 percentage points higher than the rate in the third quarter of 2021 (65.4 percent).

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Marketing is _____________, important, and profitable. Businesses, individual consumers, and the economy _______benefit from effective marketing. This chapter introduces marketing in a way you may not recognize. Marketing influences all business operations and includes a number of different activities. Marketing is now seen as _________ to the success not only of manufacturers, retailers, and other businesses but also of government agencies, hospitals, law offices, schools, and churches. Where Does Marketing Take Place

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Marketing is organized, important, and profitable. Businesses, individual consumers, and the economy socially benefit from effective marketing.

Marketing is now seen as a step to the success not only of manufacturers, retailers, and other businesses but also of government agencies, hospitals, law offices, schools, and churches. Place describes the store or location where customers find or purchase your product.

Consumers of today can research products and purchase them online, via a smartphone app, in-store, or from a salesperson. Everyday locations, areas where clients are present, and all different types of businesses can all use marketing.

When you come up with an idea for a good or service, marketing begins. You must choose what you are offering, how many choices are available, and the way it will be packed and displayed to customers before introducing a product or a service.

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What do capital resources increase?

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The capacity of a process can be increased by using capital resources to boost productivity. Capital assets increase a company's productivity and efficiency.

Productivity is a measure of how effectively commodities or services are generated. Productivity is sometimes expressed as a ratio of the entire output to a single input or the total input used in a production process, or output per unit of input, typically over a predetermined time period. The most typical illustration is the (aggregate) measure of labor productivity, where GDP per worker is one example. The choice of a productivity definition (including those that do not relate to ratios of output to input) is dependent on the objective of the productivity measurement and/or the availability of data. The main cause of variability across productivity measures is often (directly or indirectly) connected to how the inputs and outputs are combined to produce such a ratio-type productivity measure.

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What are 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a market economy?

Answers

Advantages: 1. Competition: In a market economy, businesses must compete with rivals to attract customers and make a profit. This competition can lead to lower prices, higher quality products and services, and innovative new products.

2. Efficiency: Businesses are driven by the need to maximize profits and minimize costs, which encourages them to be as efficient as possible. This helps to ensure that resources are used in the most efficient way and that prices accurately reflect the true cost of producing goods and services.

3. Freedom of Choice: Consumers are free to choose from a variety of goods and services at different prices, helping them to make informed decisions about their purchases.

Disadvantages: 1. Income Inequality: In a market economy, those with more money and resources can often benefit more than those with fewer resources. This can lead to income inequality, as those with fewer resources are unable to access the same opportunities and resources as those with more money.

2. Lack of Stability: Market economies can be volatile and unpredictable. This means that businesses and individuals can be affected by sudden changes in the market, such as recessions or economic crises.

3. Lack of Government Intervention: Government intervention is often limited .

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Can you guys help me with this ethical case? I know how to do these generally but this one specifically confuses me. I need to know the following: The ethical issue, who the primary and secondary stakeholders are, the different courses of action and their impacts as well as what the best solution would be. Thanks :)​

Answers

A combination of personal, moral, legal, and social norms of what is proper determine the ethics, which are a set of principles for thinking and acting.

Ethical Issues: What Do They Mean?

When a particular action, course of action, or judgment runs afoul of a society's moral standards, an ethical problem arises. Since any of their actions could be questioned in terms of their ethicality, both individuals and corporations can be implicated in these disputes.

The three different categories of ethical problems are what?

Utilitarian, Deontological, and Virtue concerns are the three primary subcategories of ethical problems. While deontological ethics emphasize the act itself, utilitarian ethics place more emphasis on the results of a choice. The character of the person acting is a key component of virtue ethics.

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Property taxes associated with a company's administrative facility are considered ________. multiple choice nonmanufacturing costs manufacturing overhead costs selling costs

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Property taxes associated with a company's administrative facility are considered nonmanufacturing costs.

Selling and administrative costs are included in nonmanufacturing costs, commonly referred to as "period" costs. For manufacturing firms to operate successfully and efficiently, costs are extremely relevant.

Management and external decision-makers (investors) can learn important information about the company's profitability and cost-control procedures by identifying, sorting, and allocating cost data. Although they are required for running everyday business operations, nonmanufacturing expenditures are not included in the actual manufacturing process.

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Sal and two of his friends rent an apartment together. their total cost to move in included first month's rent, last month's rent and a security deposit of $1,200. if sal paid a total of $1,000 to move in, how much is his share of the rent each month?
a. $300
b. $450
c. $600
d. $900
please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d

Answers

According to the question,  $300 is his share of the rent each month.

What is the rent?

The exact amount of rent that someone pays depends on a variety of factors. These include the size of the property, the location, the condition of the property, and the length of the lease. In addition, factors such as the landlord's preferences and the current market rate can also influence the rent. For example, a larger, newer property in a desirable location may have a higher rent than a smaller, older property in a less desirable area. Ultimately, the amount of rent is determined by the landlord and the tenant and can vary widely.

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What kind of ethical framework it is that focuses on the results whether it would benefit the majority?

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According to utilitarianism, a results-oriented philosophy, the moral course of conduct is the one that results in the greatest balance of good over bad for the greatest number of stakeholders.

Consequences of any action are the only yardstick of what is right and bad, according to utilitarianism, a kind of consequentialism. Utilitarianism takes into account all sentient beings' interests equally, in contrast to other consequentialist ideologies like egoism and altruism. On a variety of topics, utilitarian'sJeremy Bentham started the modern utilitarianism tradition, which was carried on by thinkers like John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R. M. Hare, and Peter Singer. The theory's roots can be found in the writings of the ancient Indian philosopher ntideva and the hedonists Aristippus and Epicurus, who believed that happiness was the only good. The idea has been used to address issues including social welfare economics, the crisis of global poverty, the morality of raising animals for food, and the significance of preventing existential hazards to humans. have disputed, including whether decisions should be made based on the anticipated outcomes of acts (act utilitarianism) and whether agents should follow guidelines that maximize utility (rule utilitarianism). There is also debate over whether the utility of those who are least fortunate should be prioritized over average utility, overall utility (total utilitarianism), or average utility (average utilitarianism).

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