It is true statement that Bentham believes that the principle of utility is correct because it is G-d’s wish as God commands us to follow it.
What is the principle of utility according to Bentham?Bentham defined utility as a principle that defines our happiness and the happiness of others solely through the experience of pleasure and pain.
Because we are, as Bentham puts it, "sensitive beings" susceptible to pains and pleasures, the experience of pleasure and pain is the locus of moral value; thus, the end we should aim for is "the good," i.e. "the pleasure or pleasures, the exemption or security from such or such pain or pains"1.
Because pleasure and pain are constant companions in all sensitive beings' lives, we can and should strive for a positive balance of pleasure over pain. This goal of extending pleasure and decreasing pain imposes an obligation on us.
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Answer:
False
Explanation:
Which statements describe reasons native-born Americans wanted to restrict immigration to the United States in the late 1800s?
Note that the statements that describe reasons Native-born Americans wanted to restrict immigration to the United States in the late 1800s are:
Paleo-Indians are the first inhabitants in the Americas who lived before 10,000 years ago. Linguistic variables, blood type distribution, and genetic makeup as revealed by scientific data, such as DNA, have all been used to link indigenous peoples of the Americas to Siberian cultures.
Native Americans are genetically connected to East Asians and Ancient North Eurasian peoples. Because they descended from a single Siberian population during the Upper Paleolithic era, Native American genomes contain genetic markers from Western Eurasia.
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Full Question:
Which statements describe reasons native-born Americans wanted to restrict immigration to the United States in the late 1800s?
Choose all that are correct.
A. Many claimed that the country was full and there wasn't any empty land for newcomers to settle.
b. Many were unwilling to pay higher taxes to cover education and social services for immigrants.
C. Many were prejudiced against newcomers who looked different or spoke a foreign language.
d.
Many were afraid of losing their jobs to immigrants who would work for lower wages.
How are leaders chosen under direct and indirect rule? A.Under direct rule, local leaders are appointed; under indirect rule, foreign officials govern. B. Under direct rule, foreign officials are appointed; under indirect rule, local leaders govern. C. Under both direct and indirect rule, local leaders govern but with different levels of control. D. Under both direct and indirect rule, foreign officials are appointed to govern the region.
Answer: B
Explanation:The correct answer is B. Under direct rule, foreign officials are appointed; under indirect rule, local leaders govern.
Direct rule is a system of governance in which a central government exerts direct control over a colony or territory and makes decisions on behalf of the local population. In this system, foreign officials are appointed by the central government to govern the colony or territory. These officials have the authority to make decisions and enforce laws, and local leaders have limited autonomy.
Indirect rule, on the other hand, is a system of governance in which a central government governs a colony or territory through intermediaries, such as local leaders. In this system, local leaders are given some degree of autonomy to govern their communities, but ultimate authority remains with the central government. The local leaders chosen are those who are known for their loyalty to the central government and are appointed to carry out the policies of the central government.
In both systems, the central government exerts control over the colony or territory, but the way in which they exercise that control is different. Under direct rule, foreign officials are appointed to govern the region, while under indirect rule, local leaders govern but with different levels of control.
please help!!
1. Describe the nonverbal communication you observed among the six people you chose to focus on. Be sure to include elements of both kinesics and proxemics in your description. How do the nonverbal behaviors differ among people from the two cultural groups you observed? How large a role do you think individual variation plays in explaining differences?
2. Describe the anthropological experiment you did by altering your nonverbal behaviors with people you know. What elements of kinesics or proxemics did you alter in your interactions, and how did your friends or relatives react?
3. The chapter states that differences in nonverbal communication can be a source of miscommunication in cross-cultural interactions. Based on your experience doing this activity, how would you evaluate the role of nonverbal communication in causing such misunderstandings?
Answer:
1. The nonverbal communication I observed among the six people I chose to focus on included elements of kinesics and proxemics. In terms of kinesics, I noticed that people from both cultural groups used a variety of gestures and facial expressions to communicate their thoughts and feelings. For example, people from both groups smiled, nodded, and used hand gestures to emphasize their points. In terms of proxemics, I noticed that people from both groups stood close to each other when conversing, but there were subtle differences in the amount of space they maintained. People from one group tended to stand a bit farther apart from each other than people from the other group. I think individual variation plays a large role in explaining the differences in nonverbal behaviors between the two cultural groups. Each person has their own unique set of nonverbal cues and behaviors, and these can vary from person to person, even within the same cultural group.
2. For my anthropological experiment, I altered my nonverbal behaviors with people I know by changing my facial expressions, gestures, and posture. For example, instead of smiling and nodding, I would frown and shake my head. I also changed the amount of space I maintained when talking to them. I noticed that my friends and relatives reacted differently to my altered nonverbal behaviors. Some of them seemed confused or even uncomfortable, while others seemed to understand my intentions and responded accordingly.
3. Based on my experience doing this activity, I would evaluate the role of nonverbal communication in causing misunderstandings in cross-cultural interactions as being very important. Nonverbal cues can often convey different meanings across different cultures, and if these cues are not interpreted correctly, it can lead to confusion and miscommunication. Additionally, individual variation in nonverbal behavior can also lead to misunderstandings, as people may interpret the same gesture or expression differently depending on their own experiences and background.
Explanation:
a reason that native Americans would fight alongside us or British forces despite the setbacks that both nations had caused their people
Which of the following was not a reason most white immigrants settled in the middle colonies?
A) Land was Scarce in the New England Colonies.
B) these colonies offered a relatively secular and classless society
C) There were fewer economic opportunities in the southern colonies
D) the middle colonies offered vast tracts of land to the immigrants
Answer: A) Land was scarce in the New England Colonies was not a reason most white immigrants settled in the middle colonies.
Explanation: The middle colonies offered vast tracts of land to the immigrants, which was one of the main reasons for white immigration to this region. The other reasons for immigration to the middle colonies were the relatively secular and classless society and the availability of economic opportunities.
Answer:the middle colonies offered vast tracts of land to the immigrants.
Explanation: Correct. Although most white immigrants settled in middle colonies, most of them worked small plots of land and earned a modest living. -edmentum
Did Genghis Khan promote people within his empire by bribery, merit or who their family was
Genghis Khan promote people within his empire by merit. The best skills rose to the top because he promoted based on merit.
Who was Genghis Khan?The Mongol Empire, which grew to be the largest continuous empire in history following Genghis Khan's passing, was founded by him and was led by the first Great Khan.
He attained power by bringing together a number of the nomadic tribes of the Mongol steppe and becoming known as Genghis Khan, the supreme leader of the Mongols.
Genghis Khan, the leader of the Mongols (1162-1227), grew up in obscurity and built the biggest land empire in history. He unified the nomadic tribes of the Mongolian plateau before capturing major portions of China and central Asia.
Therefore, Genghis Khan promote people within his empire by merit. The best skills rose to the top because he promoted based on merit.
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Choose all that apply to the Articles of Confederation:
Choose all that apply to the Articles of Confederation:
Established the Electoral College.
Every state was its own "country."
Could not raise taxes.
Established the United States.
Established a weak central government.
Set up the 3 branched governmental system we have today.
What applies to the Articles of Confederation are:
Created the Electoral College.Each state was its own "country".Founded the United States.What is the 3 branch government system like?The current government system is divided into 3 branches that act to balance government powers. Are they:
LegislativeExecutiveJudiciaryTherefore, the articles of confederation were the first US documents, and the division into 3 branches helps in the control of power by a governmental body and greater autonomy of decisions.
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which is the longest railway station in world
Answer:
The trans-siberian railway.
Explanation:
connects Moscow with the Russian far east is still the world's longest direct rail route, running for 9,259 kilometers or 5,753 miles. The journey passes through the Ural Mountains, Siberia's birch forests and Lake Baikal, taking 6 days according to The Telegraph.
Answer:
The longest railway station in the world is the Hubli railway station in Karnataka, India with a length of 1,505 metres.
Explanation:
The station, which is also known as the Hubli Junction, is situated in the heart of the city of Hubli and serves as a major transportation hub for the region.
The station is spread over an area of 100 acres and has a total of 12 platforms.
The station is also an important transportation hub for the South Western Railways division of the Indian Railways, with trains from all over India passing through the station on a daily basis.
The Hubli railway station is also known for its cleanliness and modern amenities, good facilities available for the convenience of travelers.
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Which statement best describes England’s North American settlement attempts before 1600?
A they did very well. B there were no attempts before 1600 c they all failed. They survived for fifty or more years before giving up
Answer:
C: They all failed.
Explanation:
England made several attempts to establish settlements in North America before 1600, but all of these attempts failed. The first attempt was the Roanoke Colony, which was established in present-day North Carolina in 1585. The colony was abandoned just three years later, and the fate of the colonists remains a mystery to this day. England made several other attempts to establish colonies in North America in the following years, but all of these attempts also failed. It was not until the founding of Jamestown in 1607 that England was able to establish a permanent settlement in North America that survived for more than a few years.
HURRY
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?
A documentary on the American Revolution produced by a respected historian
A death certificate of Vietnam soldier
A newspaper article from September 12, 2001 detailing the attacks of September 11th
Answer:
The correct answer is: A newspaper article from September 12, 2001 detailing the attacks of September 11th
When historians investigate how the Spanish and Portuguese built their empires, they notice
When historians investigate how the Spanish and Portuguese built their empires, they notice many similarities between how the two countries engaged in this process. Option A
What are the Spanish and Portuguese empires?Generally, During the Age of Exploration and Conquest, which started in the late 15th century and continued until the late 18th century, Spain and Portugal, respectively, were the countries that governed the lands and colonies that came to be known as the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
The Spanish Empire was one of the greatest empires in world history.
It stretched over four continents, including Europe, North and South America, and parts of Africa and Asia.
The Portuguese Empire was also a very extensive empire, but its primary objective was to colonize Brazil as well as other areas in Africa and Asia.
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, which minority group has the greatest need for additional policies from both Congress and the President to promote equity in the 21st century.
Be sure to include the following:
• 2 pieces of evidence (either personal experiences or information acquired from the lesson or any other media)
• Reasoning for each piece of evidence (why is this information relevant? How doe is prove your point?)
Native Americans have the greatest need for additional policies from both Congress and the President to promote equity in the 21st century.
A collection of individuals, a commercial organization, a state, or a major organization that has publicly agreed to a set of ideas or a plan of actions to take in specific scenarios.
The minority group in the US is Native Americans. Native Americans are entitled to voting rights, residence, and employment. The status was the same for Americans.
In five critical areas—federal financial support, access to funds, linguistic access, citizen participation, and contract and procurement—the Equity Action Plan prioritizes equity and expands opportunity.
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Across
2. Russia and Austria wanted to control the
balkan
Peninsula.
5. The
Empire joined
Germany in WWI.
7. When larger nations control weaker regions.
8. The goal of many nations to have the most
powerful military was called
Down
1. The Allies of War I were also called
the Triple
3. Radical devotion to one's country and
looking down on other countries.
4. In WW I, there was an "arms race" focused
power.
on
6. Gavrilo
assassinated
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand.
Answer:
Explanation:
It looks like you are trying to fill in a crossword puzzle about World War I. Here are the solutions to the clues you provided:
Across:
2. Russia and Austria wanted to control the Balkan Peninsula.
The Empire joined Germany in WWI.When larger nations control weaker regions.The goal of many nations to have the most powerful military was called power.Down:
The Allies of War I were also called the Triple Entente.Radical devotion to one's country and looking down on other countries.In WW I, there was an "arms race" focused on military power.Gavrilo assassinated Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand.How can you differentiate between direct and indirect imperial rule?
Answer:
Direct rule sends their own officials to rule, impose on the culture, and use the land for their own colonies. Indirect rule allows local rulers to decide on things, try to groom the kids to be like them, and did allow culture to stay
Explanation:
How does the structure of the Taj Mahal reflect the Muslim culture of the Mughal era?
Answer:
The Taj Mahal is a reflection of the Mughal era's Muslim culture. Its design is based on Islamic architecture, featuring a large central dome surrounded by four smaller domes and four minarets. The structure is decorated with intricate carvings and calligraphy, and is made of white marble. Additionally, the Taj Mahal is a mausoleum, which is a reflection of the Islamic tradition of burying their dead in ornate tombs.
Explanation:
The Taj Mahal is a reflection of the Mughal era's Muslim culture. Its design is based on Islamic architecture, featuring a large central dome surrounded by four smaller domes and four minarets.
The Mughal rule was once the golden age of Muslim structure in India, especially under the reign of Jahangir, Akbar, and Shah Jahan. Muslims introduced to India many kinds of buildings among which was the mausoleum. It is a shape of octagonal structure constructed to accommodate the tomb of a vital man or woman.
The structure is decorated with delicate carvings and calligraphy and is made of white marble. The basic persona of the Taj shows a first-rate integration of architectural factors of Islamic Asia, incorporating Iranian features such as the octagonal shape, the iwan, and pishtaq, and Central Asian details such as the four cylinder-shaped minarets.
In ornamental terms, the construction used to be decorated with the three essential factors of Muslim decorative arts involving calligraphy, geometry, and floral forms shown in the form of frames and borders covering most of the areas.
Overall, the architecture gives a beautiful sense of harmony and vibe between the individual buildings, as well as a feeling of immense peace. The white marble used throughout the Taj Mahal reflects the changing light, allowing a wide variety of colors that lend the whole complex an unreal glow.
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It refers to the development of personality that resulted in the application of virtues
The practice that refers to the development of personality such that there was an application of virtues is A. Character.
What is character ?Character refers to your personality, particularly how trustworthy and honest you are. A person with good character is trustworthy and sincere. They are unreliable and dishonest if they have a negative character.
Virtues are acquired through instruction and application. According to the ancient philosopher Aristotle, self-control is a virtue that can be developed, whereas repeated self-indulgence can destroy a person's character.
This demonstrates that Character refers to the process of personality development that results in the application of virtues.
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The full question is:
It refers to the development of personality that resulted in the application of virtues
A. Character
B. Disposition
C. Values
D. Personal goals
What did the United States pass to help Great Britain economically prior to its entry into World War II?
O the Lend-Lease Acts
O the Selective Service Act
O the Embargo Act
O the Neutrality Act
The United States passed the Lend-Lease Act to help Great Britain economically prior to its entry into World War II.
What is Legend - Lease Act ?In accordance with the Lend-Lease Act, which Congress passed in March 1941, the President was authorized to "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of" weapons and other military supplies to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States." This effectively allowed the United States to provide aid to Great Britain and other countries fighting against the Axis powers, even before the United States had entered the war. This act was seen as a way to help Great Britain and its allies to fight the war and at the same time also help the US economy by purchasing the materials they needed.All men between the ages of 21 and 45 were required to register for the draft under the Selective Service Act, a statute implemented in 1940, in order to serve in World War II.The Embargo Act, an American statute that forbade the export of specific items to other nations, was passed in 1807.To know more about Legend - Lease Act , check out :
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How much time elapsed between the collapse of the Hittites and the defeat of the Persian empire
Answer:
1,400 years
Explanation:
The time between the collapse of the Hittites and the defeat of the Persian Empire was approximately 1,400 years. The Hittites collapsed around 1180 BCE, while the Persians were defeated by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE.
The Mensheviks were known for
Select one:
Their support of developing democracy in Russia.
Being die-hard revolutionaries, no matter what the cost.
Wanting a broad base of popular support for their revolutionary causes.
Only caring about radical change.
The Mensheviks were known for A. Their support of developing democracy in Russia.
What were the Mensheviks known for ?The Mensheviks were a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which had a more moderate stance than the other faction, the Bolsheviks. They supported the development of a democratic government in Russia, as well as greater civil liberties and the protection of workers' rights.
They believed that the path to socialism would come through the development of a capitalist economy, democracy, and the education of the working class. They were not revolutionary die-hards, they wanted a broader base of popular support for their causes, and they believed that socialism can only be achieved through peaceful means and with the support of the majority of the population.
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Why was the election of 1860 an important cause of the Civil War?
A.
Northerners did not agree with Abraham Lincoln’s policies.
B.
Southerners did not agree with Abraham Lincoln’s policies.
C.
Abraham Lincoln won the electoral college with a small margin.
D.
People felt that Abraham Lincoln won the electoral college unfairly.
Answer:
B. Southerners did not agree with Abraham Lincoln’s policies.
Explanation:
The election of 1860 was an important cause of the Civil War because it led to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. Lincoln was a member of the Republican Party, which was strongly opposed to the expansion of slavery. Southerners, who were heavily dependent on slavery, did not agree with Lincoln's policies and feared that he would try to limit or eliminate slavery. As a result, many Southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was elected. When Lincoln won the election, several Southern states followed through on this threat, and the Civil War began. Overall, the election of 1860 was an important factor in the lead-up to the Civil War, as it contributed to the growing tensions between North and South over the issue of slavery.
explain the characteristics of states as they emerged?
Answer:
Characteristics of a state: Population, Territory, Sovereignty, and Government. Divine right theory: The doctrine that states the right of rules in a monarch (one ruler) is developed directly from God and is only accountable to God because God created the state.
Explanation:
A state is characterized by four distinct factors and these are:-
1. A state cannot exist without people. It must have a population
regardless of the number of this particular population.
2. A state exists with clearly defined territorial borders. These borders
determine the size of the state and the area it can govern.
3. A state must have an established government. This means it should
be able to develop laws and have the capacity to enforce the same within
its borders. The government should also be recognized by other states
globally.
4. A state must be sovereign. This means it should have the full right to
govern itself without interference by external entities.
From the above characteristics a state can be defined as an independent
geographical territory with a population governed by established laws
Which of the following statements accurately describes President Hayes’s reaction to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
President Hayes ordered railroad companies and striking workers to resolve their dispute through peaceful negotiations.
President Hayes ordered railroad companies to reverse pay cuts to end the strike.
President Hayes promised railroad workers government subsidies as incentives to return to work.
President Hayes sent militias and federal troops from town to end the strike.
"President Hayes sent militias and federal troops from town to end the strike" accurately describes President Hayes’s reaction to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Option D
What is President Hayes’s reaction?Generally, Which of the following assertions most truly characterizes President Hayes' response to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? To put a stop to the strike, President Hayes sent local militias as well as federal soldiers from the town.
An injunction was issued by the federal government against the union, Debs, and other leaders of the boycott, instructing them to cease interfering with trains that carried postal vehicles. The injunction was secured by the government. Following the refusal of the strikers, President Grover Cleveland issued an order to bring in the army to prevent the strikers from stopping the trains.
In order to reopen the railways, President Rutherford B. Hayes sent federal soldiers to a number of different sites. In the meanwhile, the strike had expanded to a number of other states, including Maryland, where it sparked violence in Baltimore between those participating in the strike and the militia of that state.
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Please help me. Look at the attached picture.
The U.S. Constitution grants Congress, the President, and the Federal courts, respectively, this same authority to act as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the federal government.
What does the American government's legislative branch do?
The House of Representatives and the Senate, which together make up the United States Congress, encompass the Legislative Branch, which was established by Article I of the Constitution.
Legislative – Creates laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives and Senate) . 100 serve in the U.S. SenateExecutive: Implements laws (president, vice president, Cabinet, most federal agencies) .535 Members of Congress. Judicial—Considers laws (Supreme Court and other courts). 435 serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.Therefore, There are 535 members of Congress in total. There are 435 members of the U.S. House of Representatives and 100 members of the U.S. Senate.
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Nathan Bedford Forest State Park in
Tennessee has been under attack as
a movement to change its name is
underway. Support or refute the
assertion that historical monuments
and parks named after racists
should be removed or renamed.
Defend your view.
In Tennessee's Benton County, in the southeast of the country, there is a state park called Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park. The park is located on the western side of the Tennessee River's Kentucky Lake impoundment.
What is the Argument About?There is widespread opposition to the notion that Black Tennessee people, regardless of income, could ever enjoy Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park based on the history of Nathan Bedford Forrest. In the years leading up to the American Civil War, Nathan Bedford Forrest made money through trading slaves. During the Civil War, he committed heinous war crimes, including the murder of hundreds of Black men who had surrendered at Fort Pillow. He founded the Ku Klux Klan and was its first grand wizard, a hateful and racist organization that has tormented and killed Black Americans since its inception.
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Do you agree that a relationship can be meaningful if based on sincerity and acceptance? Why? Why not? Share a brief narrative about this situation as it happens in your life.
I agree that a relationship can be meaningful if based on sincerity and acceptance. This is because the abovementioned factors are critical ingredients for building trust and strong social bonds.
What brief narrative may be related to the above?Examples of where the above may be applicable may be between friends, business partners, and even family members.
In a business relationship, there will be a lot of problems if all the parties involved cannot trust each other. This may eventually lead to the dissolution of the business.
This is one of the big reasons for divorce cases.
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Why did Douglass go to live in England for two years? Responses He married an English woman who wanted to live in her home country. He married an English woman who wanted to live in her home country. He was in danger of being kidnapped and returned to slavery. He was in danger of being kidnapped and returned to slavery. He did not believe that he could end slavery in the United States. He did not believe that he could end slavery in the United States. He became a diplomat and was appointed overseas by President Lincoln.
The reason why Douglass go to live in England for two years was that He was in danger of being kidnapped and returned to slavery.
What was the reason whyFrederick Douglass visited England ?In order to avoid the slave hunters, Douglass traveled to Britain in the 1840s, like many other fugitive slaves. His perceptions of what it meant to be a Black guy in a white culture radically shifted when he was living in England.
As an example of what Alan Rice refers to as strategic anglophilia, Douglass regularly made reference to this disparity between the United States and Britain in his speeches. By portraying Britain as a nation of freedom, he hoped to shame Americans into admitting the sin of slavery.
The narrative by Douglass demonstrates how white slaveowners maintain slavery by keeping their slaves in the dark. Many individuals at the time Douglass was writing thought that slavery was a natural order of affairs.
Therefore, option B is correct.
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What were some goals of the Fourteen Points? Select each correct answer.
freeing overseas travel from fear of attack
preventing secret treaties between countries
establishing first-world economic dominance
establishing free trade
Some goals of the Fourteen Points were:
freeing overseas travel from fear of attackpreventing secret treaties between countriesWhat was the goal of the Fourteen Points ?The goal of President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points, delivered in a speech to the United States Congress in January 1918, was to establish a lasting peace after World War I. The points included self-determination for nations, freedom of the seas, free trade, disarmament, and the creation of an international organization to resolve disputes between nations. Wilson believed that by addressing the underlying issues that had led to the war, a lasting peace could be achieved.
In a speech to Congress delivered in January 1918, President Wilson first alluded to the ideas in his Fourteen Points. The Fourteen Points were primarily written by him to express his ideal of post-war peace. Each of the fourteen recommendations outlines a strategy that might help to avert future wars.
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What was the result of the October Revolution (Nov. 7-8, 1917)?
an American style democracy was set up
Rasputin became tsar
Lenin and the Bolsheviks took control of the government
the tsar adopted communism
Answer:
Establishment of the Soviet union in 1922
Named for elephants, this country was a French colony until it received its independence in 1960. Sandbars, some as long as four miles (6.4 km) long, lie along the coast. Many coastal cities have developed in this area where the sandbars or barrier islands are separated from the mainland by narrow lagoons.
What country is being described?
Answer:
The country being described is Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Côte d'Ivoire is a country in West Africa that was a French colony until it received its independence in 1960. It is named for the elephants that were once prevalent in the region and are depicted on the country's coat of arms. The country has a long coastline with sandbars and barrier islands separated from the mainland by narrow lagoons. Many coastal cities, such as Abidjan and Grand-Bassam, have developed in this region.
Explanation:
US policy of preventing the spread of communism
Question 1 options:
massive retaliation
mutual assured destruction
Cold War
containment
US policy of preventing the spread of communism is known as containment. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
What is containment?The containment doctrine was designed to limit the rise of the Soviet Union and, later, China's influence by preventing the spread of communism throughout the world. George Kennan developed the theoretical principles of containment policy in a 1947 anonymous article.
Kennan's main goal for US policy was to prevent the spread of communism by establishing a network of military alliances. One of Truman's main goals was containment, which resulted in the formation of NATO (1949), ANZUS (1951), SEATO (1954), and CENTO (1955). (1955).
Therefore, to prevent the geographic spread of communism US used the strategy known as containment.
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