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Your arteries harden and narrow as a result of atherosclerosis, which is brought on by cholesterol plaques that gradually line the arterial walls. As your arteries narrow, it may endanger blood flow. It may also be referred to as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or arteriosclerosis.

A pattern of the condition known as arteriosclerosis in which lesions grow on the arterial wall is known as atherosclerosis. Because atheromatous plaque has accumulated due to these lesions, narrowing may result.

Symptoms seldom appear at the time of start, but if they do, they often appear in middle age. Depending on which arteries are involved, it can become serious enough to cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or renal issues.

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Answer:

The order of steps for the digestion of proteins will be;

In mechanical digestion, the teeth grind food and break it in to smaller parts.

Churning and the enzyme pepsin break down protein in the stomach

The pancreas releases enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin

Tryspsin and chymotrypsin act on the proteins to break them down in the duodenum

Amino acids are absorbed by the capillaries in the Jejunum  and lastly

The amino acids enter the blood stream and are circulated throughout the body.

Explanation:

In a lysogenic infection, induction events may occur, but not in a proviral infection.

Lysogeny, also known as the lysogenic cycle, is one of the two viral reproduction cycles. Lysogeny is defined by the incorporation of bacteriophage nucleic acid into to the genome of the host bacterium or the formation of a circular replicon inside the bacterial cytoplasm. The bacterium continues to live as well as reproduce normally in this state, while the bacteriophage is dormant in the host cell.

The bacteriophage's genetic material, known as a prophage, can be transmitted to daughter cells at each subsequent cell division, and later events can release it, resulting in the proliferation of new phages via the lytic cycle. Lysogenic cycles can occur in eukaryotes as well, though the method of DNA incorporation is unknown.

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1. A matrix made up of living cells and a ground substance that isn't alive. An organic substance (often a protein) and an inorganic substance combine to form the ground substance (usually a mineral or water). The fibroblast is the main cell of connective tissues.

2. Fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and leukocytes are common cell types in connective tissue.

Collagen proteins are secreted by fibroblasts, which are responsible for maintaining the structural foundation of several tissues. They are crucial in the process of wound healing.

b. Mast cells: Mast cells are crucial for controlling other immune responses as well as how the immune system reacts to specific germs and parasites. They contain growth factors, cytokines, heparin, and histamine.

c. Plasma cells - Plasma cells (PCs) are the product of the final stage of B lymphocyte maturation. These cells are well known for their protracted lifespan and capacity to generate significant numbers of antibodies (Abs), which places this cell type as a crucial part of humoral immunity.

d. Macrophages—found in tissues, where they serve as immunological sentinels—are important elements of the innate immune system. Through a variety of scavenger, pattern-recognition, and phagocytic receptors, they are specially suited to detect and react to tissue invasion by pathogenic microbes and tissue injury.

Therefore, 1. A matrix made up of living cells and a ground substance that isn't alive. An organic substance (often a protein) and an inorganic substance combine to form the ground substance (usually a mineral or water). The fibroblast is the main cell of connective tissues.

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Among the most popular psychoactive substances, alcohol and tobacco are consumed frequently.

The use of the drugs is widespread for a variety of social, cultural, and health reasons, as well as those related to their impact on the body and brain. However, the most dangerous psychoactive drugs also include alcohol and cigarettes. They are major contributors to morbidity and mortality and have a negative impact on both the person and society as a whole. Legal tobacco and alcohol are commonly available in many places, yet the laws governing these products might differ greatly from one nation to the next. The Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012 went into force in May 2018. The law was delayed because of a but seeks to minimise excessive drinking and the consequences linked with it Supreme Court challenge by industry bodies.

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Answer:

Genotype for homozygous dominant: BB

Genotype for heterozygous: Bb

Genotype homozygous recessive: bb

Phenotype for homozygous dominant: BLACK FUR

Phenotype for heterozygous: BLACK FUR

Phenotype for homozygous recessive: WHITE FUR

Explanation:

⭐ Genotype = the combination of the alleles (lowercase and uppercase letters) that expresses a trait

⭐ Phenotype = the word description of the trait the genotype expresses

⭐ -homo = same

⭐ -hetero = different

⭐dominant = an uppercase letter (allele). if there is at least 1 dominant allele in a genotype, the dominant trait will be expressed.

⭐ recessive = a lowercase letter (allele). there has to be 2 recessive alleles in a genotype in order for the recessive trait to be expressed.

The homologous chromosome pairs, also known as bivalents or tetrads, line up along the metaphase plate in a random order during metaphase I of meiosis I.

They are known as homologous pairs of chromosomes. When homologous chromosomes line up next to one another during meiosis, they create a tetrad. Two homologous chromosomes make into a tetrad, which has four sister chromatids altogether and is held together by a feature known as the chiasmata. When two homologous chromosomes that have already duplicated their DNA link up, they form a tetrad. The main distinction is that a tetrad consists of two homologous chromosomes that resemble an X rather than an I. A pair of two chromosomes, usually one from the mother and one from the father.

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The bacterial gene structure has two different types of operons: inducible and repressible. Both genomes have continuous groups of functionally linked genes.

The primary distinction between inducible and repressible operons is that the former are turned off under typical circumstances, whilst the latter are turned on. Additionally, when the inducer binds to the active repressor of inducible operons, the repressor is deactivated, allowing RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter region, whereas when the co-repressor binds to the inactive repressor of repressible operons, the repressor is activated, preventing RNA polymerase from interacting with the promoter region. Additionally, both operons have similar regulatory components that control the regulation of their genes.

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Answer:

Mutations in gametes is called germline mutations.

Answer:

3. Fatty acids produce more ATP than glucose.

In their structures, active sites are crucial regions where enzymes bind substrates. They usually bind just specific substrates for particular reactions and are very specialized in nature.

Most metabolic reactions would be substantially slower and unable to occur quickly enough to support life without enzymes. The active site of an enzyme is the area of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and a chemical reaction takes place in biology and biochemistry.

The amino acid residues that make up the active site are those that catalyze the reaction of the substrate and form brief bonds with it (the binding site) (catalytic site).

Since it directly catalyzes the chemical reaction, the active site, which takes up only about 10 to 20 percent of the volume of an enzyme, is the most crucial component.

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Input, Display, A database is a structured collection of information. A database, as opposed to having all the data in a list in random order, provides a structure to organise the data.

A database table is one of the most common data structures. A database table is made up of rows and columns. A two-dimensional array is another name for a database table.

A form is a database object that lets you enter, edit, and display data from a table or query. A simple form typically includes fields such as First Name, Last Name, E-mail Address, Home Phone, Mobile Phone, Date of Birth, and Address.

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In order to initiate a downstream response the activated receptor tyrosine kinase will become Internalized and participate in a phosphorylation cascade.

RTKs are high-affinity cell surface receptors for a variety of polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. The human genome contains 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes, 58 of which encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins. Not only have receptor tyrosine kinases been shown to be important regulators of normal cellular processes, but they have also been linked to the development and progression of many types of cancer.

Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are members of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, which includes both receptor tyrosine kinase proteins with transmembrane domains and non-receptor tyrosine kinases without transmembrane domains.

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Tonic receptors do not exhibit the property of adaptation.

When a receptor neuron's electric responses start to wane over time despite the ongoing presence of a constant-intensity suitable stimulus, this is called adaptation. The frequency of spikes produced within the receptor neuron gradually declines as a result of this shift.

Tonic receptors - Little or no adaptation is required for a sustained response from tonic receptors. Because the information is so important for protection, nociceptors and the majority of proprioceptors are tonic receptors. Phasic receptors respond to a stimuli quickly. Successful organisms use evolution and adaptation to stay alive. Extinctions result from organisms' inability to adapt to changing surroundings. We refer to this as natural selection. Life in all its forms develops.

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The effect on the coagulation cascade that is most likely to result from inhibiting thrombin activity with argatroban is as follows: The activation of clotting factors will be blocked (option A).

An inhibitor is any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific biological process.

According to this question, Thrombin is an enzyme that plays a key role in regulating the coagulation cascade, which controls blood clot formation. Argatroban is said to be a competitive inhibitor of thrombin.

This means that Argatroban will cause the activities of thrombin in blood clot formation to be decreased or ineffective.

One way this can occur is to block the activation of clotting factors to render the activity of thrombin ineffective.

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Schedule the tattooing session as early in the morning as possible so that your body is more effective before preparing for a tattoo.

Many tattoo artists and physicians disagree on what type of medicine, if any, you should take if you wish to get your body tattooed. Some physicians will counsel you to avoid them since they may cause even greater pain, while others will tell you that certain medications should be fine.

Most doctors agree that taking Tylenol or Paracetamol shortly after getting your new tattoo is the safest option. However, you should take it at least 30 minutes before your tattoo appointment.

All experts agree that you should never take a pain medicine that contains aspirin, as aspirin is responsible for blood vessel weakening. Aside from aspirin, it is also not recommended that you consume Ibuprofen before your tattoo session.

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The growth cycle of the Monggo plant is approximately 100 days. Monggo seeds are the white bean sprouts that you've probably seen in supermarkets and restaurants.

They go by the names mung beans and moong, but their scientific name is Vigna radiata. Planting mung beans near the end of spring is ideal because it takes them about three months to mature from seed. May is frequently an excellent time to sow after the temperature hits and remains above 65°F (18.3°C).

These are a warm-season crop, and if it gets too cold, the larger seeds will struggle to germinate. Plant seeds every two weeks if you want a continuous harvest after they are fully grown.

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Most people get tattooed to mark a significant aspect of themselves or their life this could be a good reason to get a tattoo.

Many people celebrate their family and loved ones with tattoo designs ranging from military to family portraits. In a realistic tattoo design, black and grey tattoos are most popular for honoring loved ones. However, verse tattoos may also be used to pay respect to persons you care about. You may even have their handwriting converted into a script tattoo.

Tattoos are also popular as a way to make a fashion statement. Any sort of body art, alteration, or ornamentation may help you express your own distinct and particular style.

Tattooing your body is a method to establish your own distinctive style, whether it's full tattoo sleeves on a lady to capture the pin-up style or an eclectic mix of black and grey portrait tattoos.

Another reason individuals get tattooed is to cover up scar tissue, such as getting a breast tattoo after having a mastectomy. These sorts of tattoos, which provide a sense of comedy to an unpleasant situation, can be restorative, especially when they assist improve the look of the body and build confidence.

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False. Common examples of pathogens are viruses and bacteria.

Pathogens are parasitic microorganisms that cause disease in their hosts. Pathogens need a host to develop and survive. Once a pathogen has established itself in a host, it can evade the immune response to replicate and spread to new hosts. Common examples of pathogens are viruses and bacteria.

The virus develops and divides after attaching to its host, the virus then infects the tissue or cell where it resides. An example of a disease caused by a virus is herpes. Bacteria are a type of pathogen that can cause infections in the body. The body can experience a bacterial infection when the immune system is compromised by a virus.

Viral infections can cause harmless bacteria to turn into pathogens.

Pollen and animal hair are not considered pathogens because they are not microorganisms that cause disease in their hosts. Pollen plays a role in the process of fertilization in plants.

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During the flight or fight response of the body, heavy breathing and rapid heart beating help an organism that feels like it is in a harmful or scary situation/environment by providing the body tissues and cells with more oxygen for ATP production.

The flight or fight response in the body is the response of the body that occurs when the body is under perceived or real danger or stress.

The system of the body that is responsible for the flight or fight response is the autonomic division of the nervous system specifically the parasympathetic division.

During the flight or fight response of the body, the following changes occur in the body:

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A ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein, which is a complex of RNA and protein. It is made up of two subunits: small and large. The mRNA binds and is decoded in the smaller subunit, while the amino acids are added in the larger subunit.

RNA accounts for approximately 62% of ribosomes, with proteins accounting for the remainder. The structure of free and bound ribosomes is similar, and it is involved in protein synthesis. Ribosomes do something. The following are important ribosome functions: It assembles amino acids to form proteins, which are required for cellular functions.

Membrane-bound Ribosomes: when a ribosome begins to synthesise proteins that are needed in some organelles, the ribosome making this protein can become "membrane-bound". Visit Byju's to learn more about ribosomes.

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A sister chromatid is a DNA molecule that is made up of two identical copies of the same chromosome. Chromosomes are the genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell, and sister chromatids are formed when the chromosomes replicate during cell division.

Sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome, which are held together by a specialized protein structure known as a centromere. The centromere is responsible for the proper segregation of the sister chromatids during cell division. The sister chromatids are made up of two strands of DNA, which are connected to each other by a protein called a histone. Each strand is held together by hydrogen bonds, which are formed between the base pairs of the DNA.

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Both male and female reproductive cells are present (they are hermaphrodite). Self-fertilization is a possibility, thus they don't actually need to mate with another snail in order to breed. In a soggy, subterranean nest, they deposit about 80 white eggs after mating.

Snails can spawn as often as once per month when the right circumstances are present (warm temperature, high humidity).

With an average of five reproductive cycles each year and the high rate of reproduction of garden snails, each individual snail may produce 430 eggs annually.

Freshwater snails may deposit their eggs above the water's surface or on the edges of a plant, depending on the species.

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Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that use energy from the sun to convert water and Carbon-dioxide into glucose sugar and Oxygen.

Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into energy stored in the molecule C6H12O6. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of Oxygen and Hydrogen releases water and carbon dioxide as waste products.

Cellular respiration serves the straightforward objective of giving cells the energy they require to function. Food would be completely useless if living beings couldn't obtain the energy they required from it. No matter the type or quantity of nourishment, all living beings will eventually perish.

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Answer:

C. cells break down nutrients into usable forms

Explanation:

Plants and animals process nutrients similarly because cells break down nutrients into usable forms for both of them. And I took the quiz.

Answer:

To respond to a chemical signal, a cell must have a receptor to which the signaling molecule can bind. Receptors are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane or located within the cell. They have a specific shape that allows them to bind to specific signaling molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. When a signaling molecule binds to its receptor, it triggers a response within the cell, such as a change in the activity of certain enzymes or the expression of specific genes. This process is known as signal transduction and is an important way that cells can communicate and respond to their environment.

Explanation:

Answer:

A crucial contribution. Rosalind Franklin made a crucial contribution to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, but some would say she got a raw deal. Biographer Brenda Maddox called her the "Dark Lady of DNA," based on a once disparaging reference to Franklin by one of her coworkers. Unfortunately, this negative appellation undermined the positive impact of her discovery. Indeed, Franklin is in the shadows of science history, for while her work on DNA was crucial to the discovery of its structure, her contribution to that landmark discovery is little known.

Explanation:

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Neostigmine is a drug that is classified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that could reverse the effects of ogilvie syndrome.

Ogilvie syndrome is a rare, acquired disorder characterized by abnormalities affecting the involuntary, rhythmic muscular contractions (peristalsis) within the colon.

One of the few treatment options for Ogilvie syndrome that has undergone clinical study is a medication known as neostigmine. Neostigmine could reverse the effects of Ogilvie syndrome by blocking acetylcholinesterase activity stimulating more muscle contractions. Studies have shown that intravenous administration of neostigmine has led to rapid decompression of the colon in individuals with Ogilvie syndrome who did not respond to conservative management. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine can be used to treat ACPO in patients who do not respond to conventional treatment.

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Tattoos can be unhealthy as they breach the skin, which means that skin infections and other complications are possible.

There are a number of potential dangers associated with tattoos, including scarring, allergic reactions, and skin infections. If you don't go to a licensed tattoo artist or if the wound doesn't heal properly, these risks may get worse.

Reactions to allergies Tattoo dyes, particularly those that are red, green, yellow, or blue, can trigger allergic reactions in the skin, such as an itchy rash at the tattoo site. Even years after getting the tattoo, this can happen.

Acne on the skin. After getting a tattoo, you might get a skin infection. Additional skin issues Around tattoo ink, inflammation can sometimes form in an area called a granuloma. Keloids, which are raised areas caused by excessive scar tissue overgrowth, can also result from tattooing.

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The calories metabolized by a 75 kg person in the duration of 8 hours sleep is: 561.6 C.

Calories are the unit of energy present inside the body which is obtained from the breakdown of food.

In the question it is given that:

Metabolic rate (A) = 2.6×10−4 C / (s⋅kg)

Mass of the person (m) = 75 kg

Time duration (of sleep), t = 8 hours = 3600 seconds

The formula used for this will be:

                               A = Q / (m.t)

where Q = calories metabolized. Hence the formula can be rewritten as:

                                 Q = A.m.t

Therefore, Q = 2.6×10−4 C / (s⋅kg) × 75 kg × 3600 sec

                              Q = 561.6 C

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

When people sleep, their metabolic rate is about 2.6×10−4 C / (s⋅kg). How many nutritional Calories does a 75-kg person metabolize while getting a good night's sleep lasting 8.0 hr?

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