Answer:
The traditional electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis is based on molten cryolite (Na3AlF6), acting as solvent for the raw material, alumina (Al2O3).Metals are found in ores combined with other elements. Electrolysis can be used to extract a more reactive metal from the ore.
Aluminum can and is used as both anodes and cathodes in electrochemical cells, but there are some peculiarities to using it as an anode in aqueous solutions. As you note, aluminum forms a passivating oxide layer quite readily, even by exposure to atmosphere. In an aqueous solution, if the potential is high enough, OH− and O2− are generated at the anode, which can then react with the aluminum to produce aluminum oxide. Al^3+ can also be generated directly. The electric field will draw the anions through the growing aluminum oxide layer towards the aluminum surface and the Al^3+ towards the solution, making the oxide layer grow both away from the electrode surface and into the surface of the electrode. In this way, coatings thicker than the normal passivation in air can be produced. However, aluminum oxide is a good electrical insulator, thus if a dense non-porous layer is grown, it will become impossible to pass current through it and growth will stop, leaving a relatively thin oxide layer (this is how the dielectric layers in electrolytic capacitors are made). This is the normal behaviour in aqueous solutions at near-neutral pH (5–7).
However, if a thick aluminum oxide layer is desired (e.g. to produce coatings on aluminum parts for dying or durability), maintaining porosity is necessary to avoid completely blocking access to the surface. One technique that is commonly used is using a low pH solution, which tends to redissolve some of the oxide and neutralize some of the formed OH−, leaving pores in the oxide layer through which the ions can travel and continue to react. These pores also give a good structure to retain dyes or lubricants, but generally need to be sealed after to protect against corrosion.
ANSWER ASAP
PLeAsE
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Answer:
The answer is A.) leaving a copper penny in vinegar until it turns green.
All the other options are physical changes, as you can separate the two mixtures.
I hope this helps you! :)
Why is oil found in Middle East but not in Hawaii
write down ten laboratory safety rules
laboratory safety rules:
~Avoid wye contact with all chemics
~ Avoid skin contact with all chemicals
~Always wear safety glasses
~Don't eat in the lab
~Don't drink anything in the lab
~Avoid wearing jewellery
~Don't taste or sniff any chemicals
~Kn0w emergency exit routes
~Never leave containers of chemicals open
~Avoid distracting anyone else working in the lab
Hope this helped you- have a good day bro cya)
A plane travels 450,000 meters in 9000 seconds. What was the plane’s speed?
Answer:
50 metres per second.
Explanation:
Speed is the total distance covered divided by the time taken to cover that distance. Therefore, the plane's speed is obtained by dividing 450,000 metres by 9000 seconds, resulting in a speed of 50m/s.
which scientist is credited with early, quantitative data on redox reactions?
Answer:
German chemist G.E. Stahl
Explanation:
this theory was first articulated in 1697
G. E. Stahl in 1697 is the scientist who is credited with early, quantitative data on redox reactions.
What are redox reactions?
The Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.
While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species.During redox reactions, there is no net change in the number of electrons . Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.
The ion or molecule which accepts electrons is called as oxidizing agent while the ion or molecule which donates electrons is called as a reducing agent.
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The organelle that serves as a microtubule organizing center during cell division is the
Answer:
Centríolo. Los Centríolos son orgánulos tubulares (en pares de dos en dos) que se encuentran en el citoplasma de las células animales, cerca de la membrana nuclear. Los centriolos tienen la función de organizar los microtúbulos, que son el sistema esquelético de la célula.
Explanation:
Espero te ayude
where do the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight first come from?
Answer:
Pigments in the light-harvesting complex pass light energy to two special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center. The light excites an electron from the chlorophyll a pair, which passes to the primary electron acceptor. The excited electron must then be replaced.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis,the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight first come from chlorophyll pigment present in the leaves.
What is photosynthesis?It is defined as a process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert the light energy in to chemical energy through the process of cellular respiration.
Some of the energy which is converted is stored in molecules of carbohydrates like sugar and starches which are made up of from carbon dioxide and water . Photosynthetic organisms which can perform photosynthesis are algae and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the content of oxygen in earth's atmosphere.
The process begins with proteins absorbing light energy which are called reaction centers and contain a green pigment which is called chlorophyll . In plants ,these pigments are present inside organelles called chloroplasts while in bacteria they are present in plasma membrane.
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Tổng số hạt e, p, n của nguyên tử M là 40, số hạt mang điện hơn số hạt không mang điện
là 12. Tổng số hạt e, p, n của ng.tử X là 24, số hạt mang điện hơn số hạt không mang điện là 8.
a, Tìm số hiệu, số khối của các nguyên tử M và X.
b, M sẽ mất hay thu thêm bao nhiêu electron, X sẽ mất hay thu thêm bao nhiêu electron để
đạt cấu hình bền vững ?
Answer:
huh I can't understand
Explanation:
what are your language bro
in glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
Answer:
That would be ATP, hope this helps! :)
as you move across the periodic table atoms tend to get smaller because
Answer: because atoms have more protons
Explanation: just took the test
hi everyone can anyone help with this, the question and diagram is in the pic thx!
Answer:
QP
Explanation:
P has 9 electrons.
Electronic Configuration : 2, 7
Valence electrons : 7
P needs 1 electron to get stable electronic configuration.
Q has 3 electrons.
Electronic Configuration : 2, 1
Valence electrons : 1
P needs to loose 1 electron to get stable electronic configuration.
Q donates 1 electron,
Q -----> Q+ + 1 e-
P gains 1 electron,
P + 1 e- -----> P-
Q+ + P- -----> QP
This is an ionic compound.
Design a procedure to test whether the honey that your mother bought from the
supermarket is pure honey or not.
Answer:
i would test it and get real honey to see if the ingredients are the same
Explanation:
Explanation:
Water Test: In a glass of water, put a spoon of honey, if your honey is dissolving in water then it's impure. Pure honey has a thick texture that will settle at the bottom of a cup or a glass. –Vinegar Test: Mix a few drops of honey into vinegar water, if the mixture starts to foam, then your honey is impure.
Someone pls help me I will make you brain
Answer:
more drought is not a global warming
Answer:
i think it is human migration
because when drought becomes more its one sign of global warming and when land becomes less there wont be place for people to plant trees
Which type of fire can help prevent
larger fires in the future?
hope it helps
A metallic bond can exist between atoms that have low ionization energies and
low electronegativities. Such atoms are of ___________
elements,
Answer: The elements that have the lowest electronegativity are the VIII A elements or noble gases. These elements have a theoretical electronegativity of zero. These elements are stable in their electron configuration there is not force moving the noble gases to gain any electrons.
Explanation:
which scientist surmised the scientific principle that the position and momentum of an electron cannot be known simultaneously with a high degree of accuracy?
The scientific principle was surmised by Werner Heisenberg and it is called Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
In 1927 German scientist Werner Heisenberg propounded the uncertainty principle which states that both the position and momentum of a particle cannot be measured simultaneously with certainty.
That is, the more accurate we measure the position of the particle, the less accurate we would measure its momentum.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is stated mathematically as ΔpΔx ≥ h/4π where p is the momentum, x is the position and h is Planck's constant.
So, the scientific principle was surmised by Werner Heisenberg and it is called Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
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the source of gases for the secondary atmosphere of the earth was _______
The source of gases for the secondary atmosphere of the earth was Volcanic Eruptions.
What is Secondary Atmosphere ?
The scientist think that the atmosphere today is completely different from what it used to be originally and therefore they call it secondary atmosphere.
Internal volcanic activity or the deposit of debris from comet collisions produce a secondary atmosphere.
The secondary atmosphere is thought to have formed as a result of the numerous volcanic eruptions that occurred from the start of Earth's early periods.
Although each volcano is unique, they all emit gases such as H₂O, CO₂, SO₂, H₂S, HCl, N₂, NO₂, and others.
These gases are formed due to melting of the Earth's crust.
Volcanic activity renew the atmosphere's molecules.
These molecules are not the Nitrogen and Oxygen that make up the atmosphere today.
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An example of a cell is a ____________ cell.
Answer:
Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic
What syndrome did you researched
Which element is most likely to lose electrons in a chemical reaction?
Group of answer choices
Mg
Cl
S
Br
Answer:
Write a hypothesis for Section 1 of the lab, which is about the effect the type of material has on the absorption of sunlight on Earth’s surface. Be sure to answer the lesson question: "What factors influence the absorption of sunlight at Earth's surface?"
Explanation:
What is a pure substance that contains atoms of more than one element called?
O a mixture
O a precipitate
O a compound
O a solution
Answer:
Pure substances made of more than one element are called. compounds. The chemical formula for a molecule of nitrogen is. N2. The balanced equation for the formation of water from the elements hydrogen and oxygen is.
Answer:
A compund
Explanation:
Did test got 100
Why it is important to have balanced charges when forming ionic compounds?
[tex]\textbf{Question:-}[/tex]
Why it is important to have balanced charges when forming ionic compounds?
✿[tex]\textbf{Answer:-}[/tex]
As we know electrons can neither be created not destroyed,instead it can be transferred from one medium to another, therefore it is important to have balanced charges when forming ionic compounds. Net ionic equations must be balanced by both mass and charge. Also, the total number of electrons lost by the cationic species must be same with the total number of electrons gained by the anionic species.✿[tex]\textbf{More to know:-}[/tex]
Ionic Compounds-Ionic compounds are solids and hard due to the strong attracting force between the positive and negative ions. These compounds are generally brittle and break into pieces on application of pressure.Ionic compounds contain positively and negatively charged ions in a ratio that results in an overall charge of zero.As the volume of a gas at 101.3kPa changes from 30mL to 95mL the volume of the gas will?
1)Increases
2) Decreases
3 Remains the same
Using the formula velocity = distance/time, how fast does sound travel in wood given a distance of 500 m and 0.26 seconds.
A- 1,923 m/s
B- 746 m/s
C- 2,941 m/s
D- 127 m/s
Answer:
A : 1,923 m/s
Explanation:
= 500/0.26
= 1,923
which group of the periodic table is composed of inert gases
Answer:
Group 0
Explanation:
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The group zero of the periodic table is composed of inert gases.They are very unreactive So, they don't form molecules easily and are found as single atoms.
Which group of metals is inert?"Noble metals, such as gold, platinum, silver, and a few rare metals. Members of this class have little or no tendency to unite with oxygen in the free state and do not change composition when placed in water at a red heat.
Noble gas atoms already have complete outer shells and have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons. As a result, noble gases are inert and do not participate in chemical reactions.
Because their outermost shells are completely filled, zero group elements are inert. They have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons with other elements.
Thus, The group zero of the periodic table is composed of inert gases because they are unreactive.
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Franklin added a solid yellow dye tablet to each of these beakers one beaker (A) contained cold water, and the other beaker contained (B) hot water he took this picture after ten seconds to compare the results. What is the most likely investigating? Answer a. He is investigating the effect temperature has the movement of molecules.
b.he is investigating how food coloring tablets affect the temperature of water
c.he is investigating how to how to create new colors by mixing two or more or more other colors
d. he is investigation the effects of evaporation on water mixed with colored tablets
Answer:
a
Explanation:
a
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The lower the pressure, the lower a liquid’s boiling point is. Water actually boils much faster at the top of a mountain where air pressure is lower. Without pressure water in the body begins to boil. What do you think will happen to your body as blood, saliva, and other fluids boil?
Answer:
The lower the pressure, the lower a liquid's boiling point is. That's why water boils much faster at the top of a mountain than it does at the bottom. In space, there is no pressure. So the boiling point could easily drop to your body temperature.
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Which important law states that when elements are arranged by atomic number, similarities in chemical properties exist?
1)Periodic Law
2)Mendeleev's 1st law
3)Law of Atomic Structure
4)Theory of Periodic Succession
Answer:
plusses give me brainliest after this
The answer is: 1. periodic table
Compared to the atomic radius of sodium, the atomic radius of argon is smaller. This is a result of
The atomic radius of Argon is smaller than the atomic radius of sodium because the effective nuclear charge increases as we move left to right in a period.
What is the atomic radius?The atomic radius can be described as the shortest distance between the center of the nucleus of the atom and the outermost shell of the atom. An atomic radius can also be defined as half the distance between two atoms of the same element bonded together.
In general, the atomic radius of an atom reduces as we move from left to right in a period on the periodic table because while moving from left to right in a period, there is an increase in the effective nuclear charge. In periods, the valence electrons enter in the same outermost shell.
The atomic radius of atom increases when we move down a group because of the addition of a new principle shell.
Sodium is present at beginning of the third period and the Argon is present at the end of the same period. Therefore, Argon experiences a more effective nuclear charge than sodium so it has a smaller atomic radius.
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