You are trying to purify a protein that is soluble in a solution of 2 M ammonium sulfate. After centrifugation to remove other proteins that have precipitated at this high salt concentration, you recover the supernatant to assay the target protein's activity in a cell culture system.
(a) Explain why the cell dies when incubated with the supernatant.
(b) What procedure could you preform to correct the problem?
Answer:
a) The cell dies because it was in a hypertonic medium, and it loses water due to the difference in pressure and may even die from dehydration.
b) To correct this, the cells can first be placed in an isotonic solution (one that has the same concentration of solute as a solution separated or isolated by a semi-permeable barrier). A method to remove the salt is called dialysis.
Explanation:
A protein purification is a series of processes that allow the isolation of protein from mixture. Thereby this process is vital for the characterization of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. It is therefore a very important procedure to perform correctly.
Ammonium sulfate is a salt whose chemical formula is (NH4)2SO4. The cells are in a 2M solution (2 moles of sulfuric acid per liter of solution). This is detrimental because the solution is hypertonic, it has a higher osmolarity in the external medium than inside the cell, so that a cell in such a solution loses water due to the pressure difference, i.e. osmotic pressure, and may even die from dehydration. The outflow of water from the cell continues until the osmotic pressure of the external medium and the cell are equal.
Centrifugation is a method by which solids can be separated from liquids of different density by means of a rotating force. After centrifugation, the supernatant will have a soluble part (proteins) and a pellet (cells and other insoluble parts). Thereby, the protein of interest would be recovered in the supernatant. But since the cell was not previously in a suitable medium, it could not carry out its metabolism and died and could not produce the protein of interest.
a) The cell dies because it was in a hypertonic medium, and it loses water due to the difference in pressure and may even die from dehydration.
b) To correct this, the cells can first be placed in an isotonic solution (one that has the same concentration of solute as a solution separated or isolated by a semi-permeable barrier). A method to remove the salt is called dialysis.
Dialysis is the process of separating molecules in a solution by the difference in their diffusion rates or osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. A solution of various types of molecules is placed in a semi-permeable dialysis bag, such as, for example, on a cellulose membrane with pores, and the bag is sealed. The sealed bag is placed in a beaker with pure water or another solution. Molecules small enough to pass through the pores (often water, salts and other small molecules) tend to move in or out of the dialysis bag in the direction of the lower concentration. However, larger molecules (such as DNA, proteins or polysaccharides) that are larger than the pore diameter are retained within the dialysis bag.
Patrick seeks approval from others and
is dutiful to follow rules or laws. He is
typical of Kohlberg's
Stage.
A. Critical Period
B. Pre-Conventional
C. Conventional
D. Post Conventional
Answer:
b
Explanation:
.
Based on the description provided, Patrick is typical of Kohlberg's Conventional stage of moral development.
What is Kohlberg's Conventional stage?Kohlberg's Conventional stage of moral development is the third stage in his theory of moral reasoning. In this stage, individuals conform to social norms and values, seek approval from others, and obey rules and laws to maintain social order.
They tend to view morality in terms of the expectations of others and the rules that society has established. Individuals at this stage tend to have a strong desire to be seen as a "good person" by others, and they often define right and wrong based on the expectations of their peers and society at large.
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Please help me with this question. Biodiversity needs to be maintained for the future of the human race.
Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Provide two pieces of evidence to support your position.
Answer:
What is biodiversity?
It is the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms and all its interactions. If that sounds bewilderingly broad, that’s because it is. Biodiversity is the most complex feature of our planet and it is the most vital. “Without biodiversity, there is no future for humanity,” says Prof David Macdonald, at Oxford University.
The term was coined in 1985 – a contraction of “biological diversity” – but the huge global biodiversity losses now becoming apparent represent a crisis equalling – or quite possibly surpassing – climate change.
More formally, biodiversity is comprised of several levels, starting with genes, then individual species, then communities of creatures and finally entire ecosystems, such as forests or coral reefs, where life interplays with the physical environment. These myriad interactions have made Earth habitable for billions of years.
A more philosophical way of viewing biodiversity is this: it represents the knowledge learned by evolving species over millions of years about how to survive through the vastly varying environmental conditions Earth has experienced. Seen like that, experts warn, humanity is currently “burning the library .
6) If a parent cell has 26 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis
Answer:
26 chromosomes
Explanation:
Mitosis is the division of somatic cells in which the genetic content or number of chromosomes remain intact in daughter cells.
Complete the following sentence.
When growing grapes, a(n) _________
is used to support the growing vines.
no options sorry
ag class plant systems
Answer:
An stick
Explanation:
because it needs support
Answer:
trellis
Explanation:
no balls
HELP ME
Describe how the color of a person's eyes is determined.
Answer:
Variations in a person's chromosomes decide eye colour.
Explanation:
PLZ HELP ASAP
The precipitation that fell at this
location was most likely in what form ?
Answer:
in snow form because the weather was mostly below water's freezing point, so it would snow instead of rain.
Explanation:
Maximum precipitation increases in the Antarctic region during the month of July because Antarctica has snowfall at that time of year due to its location at the earth's southern pole, so it has high precipitation in that area.
What is the significance of the Antarctic region?It is the earth's southernmost continent, where the population is negligible, but there are many significant things available that are used for scientific research, such as oceanography and glaciology, as it has a wide variety of ecosystems, including penguins, seals, whales, and many other sea animals that are generally not found in the sea or in the river.
Hence, maximum precipitation increases in the Antarctic region during the month of July because Antarctica has snowfall at that time of year due to its location at the earth's southern pole, so it has high precipitation in that area.
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What are some "characteristics" (life-history traits) of species that make them vulnerable to extinction/endangered status (there's a little diagram/table that we've gone over). for instance, a low reproductive rate is one of them.
Answer:
Over exploitation by people
Habitat loss
Pollution
and urbanilazation
Explanation:
Artificial Selection is another name for _____________.
Answer:
selective breeding
Explanation:
Artificial selection is also known as selective breeding. Selective breeding refers to the process of breeding plants or animals selectively.
Compared with vertebrates, most invertebrates:
A. require faster delivery and greater quantities of nutrients
B. have more complex layers of cells
C. require a higher level of oxygen
D. have slower distribution of blood
Answer:
B po trust me pinag aralan ko n apo iyan thankss po gusto ko lang pong makatulong
A wasp is a flying insect. In wasps, wing length is coded for by a single gene. Two scientists studying wasps hypothesize that short wings are recessive to long wings. Which of the following observations best supports this hypothesis?
A. Wasps with long wings are less likely to survive.
B. Wasps with long wings can produce offspring with short wings.
C.Wasps have wing lengths ranging from very long to very short.
D.Wasps with short wings prefer to mate with wasps with long wings.
Answer:
answer c is your answer final answer
Answer:
Your Answer Is C
Explanation:
Wasps have wing lengths ranging from very long to very short.
Hope I Helped!?
Which of the following is not true?
A. Humans rely entirely on technological adaptations in order to thrive in various environments and they do not exhibit biological adaptations.
B. All humans living today belong to a single species.
C. Humanity cannot be classified into discrete, bounded geographic categories because variation in most traits exists along clines.
D. Ecological and social environments lead to biological differences between individuals.
E. Biological differences across human populations are in part due to biological adaptations to local environments.
You probably know that many types of birds migrate south for the winter. One reason that flocks fly south is to avoid extreme cold. What is another reason that birds have migration patterns?
Answer: Since someone answer got deleted im gonna recover!!
If you guys have the same test on USATESTPERP its C) There is les available food for the birds to eat. If you guys arent on USATESTPERP then here is the other answer
Birds migrate to move from areas of low or decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources. The two primary resources being sought are food and nesting locations.-----Thank you also the name is daimonds cuz someone stole the dimonds) name THANK YOU LOVE YOU GUYS! :3
List 3 properties of the
hair's CUTICLE? NOT SHAFT
um.... what is this for?
Answer:
Each hair shaft is made up of two or three layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and sometimes the medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer.Explanation:
One out of seven people on Earth depends on fish
as a protein source. What could happen if warming waters have a
similar effect on other stocks of fish?
Answer:
Some very sensitive species might die. Others may flock to areas more habitable for them.
give the own definition of the term hazard
[tex]\huge{\textbf{\textsf{{\color{pink}{An}}{\red{sw}}{\orange{er}} {\color{yellow}{:}}}}}[/tex]
Hazard means dangerwhat are the two muscles that allow you to raise your lower arm
Answer:
[tex] \huge\orange{ \mid{ \underline{ \overline{ \tt ♡ ANSWER : ♡ }} \mid}}[/tex]
✏ Biceps & Triceps.
[tex]{\huge\pink{\fbox{{࿐EXPLANATION :࿐}}}}[/tex]
✏ Muscles of both the upper arm and forearm control movement of the forearm. The biceps brachii flex the forearm and work with the supinator of the forearm to rotate it so the palm faces upward. The triceps brachii extend the forearm.
The symptoms of acronogaly
are all except
A. Impaired glucose tolerance
B. Dry skin
C. Impaired thyroid function and construction
D. Impaired gonadal function
E. Obstruction sleep apnea
Aiden is having soup for lunch when the doorbell rings. He gets up from the
table, leaving his metal spoon in the bowl of hot soup. When he comes back a
few minutes later, the spoon is hot.
This is an example of ______________________
. I know this becaus
Answer:
23
Explanation:
Nice edge 40r0
What is this insect? 20 points to anyone who can answer! (Will give brainliest to the person who ends up answering correctly)
Found it on mattress of carpeted bedroom
Answer:
It must be a beetle.
Be careful, because Bed bugs are considered to be dangerous; however, an allergic reaction to several bites may need medical attention.
I’ll give you BRAINLIEST :)
The graph here shows the relative change in energy level for the reactants and the products of photosynthesis. Given the energy levels modeled in the graph, which statement accurately compares the energy of the products and the reactants with regards to
photosynthesis?
A)Water and oxygen have the highest energy compared to glucose and
carbon dioxide.
B)
Glucose and oxygen gas have higher energy levels compared to water and
carbon dioxide.
C)
Glucose and water have the same energy levels compared to carbon
dioxide and oxygen gas.
D)
Glucose and oxygen have a lower energy level associated with them
compared to carbon dioxide and water.
Answer: The answer is B I just took the quiz
Explanation:
Glucose and oxygen gas have higher energy levels compared to water and carbon dioxide is accurately compares the products and the reactants with regards of photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?Green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Light energy is gathered and utilised during photosynthesis in green plants to change water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen- and energy-rich organic molecules.
It is impossible to overstate the role that photosynthesis plays in sustaining life on Earth. There would soon be little food or other organic materials on Earth if photosynthesis stopped. The majority of life would vanish, and eventually, the atmosphere of Earth would contain almost no gaseous oxygen.
Only chemosynthetic bacteria, which can use the chemical energy of specific inorganic substances and are not reliant on the conversion of light energy, would be able to survive in such an environment.
Therefore, Glucose and oxygen gas have higher energy levels compared to water and carbon dioxide is accurately compares the products and the reactants with regards of photosynthesis.
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AG CLASS
Which of the following regions was the focus of the second Morrill Act?
Southwest
Southeast
Pacific Northwest
New England
Answer:
Pacific Northwest
Explanation:
Because u can look it up on the map to see if u are right or wrong
Answer:
Southeast
Explanation:
I picked Pacific Northwest and got it wrong.
What is the definition of galactic center and galaxy cluster ?
Answer:
The Galactic Center (or Galactic Centre) is the rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy; it is a supermassive black hole of 4.100 ± 0.034 million solar masses, which powers the compact radio source Sagittarius A*.
what is difference between herbs, shrubs and trees?
Herbs have delicate and thin tissues, shrubs have strong and soft tissues while trees have strong, thick, and hard tissues
Explanation:
herb and shrubs and trees are three types of plants that grow on Earth herbs are the smallest non-woody plants which lack branches schrubs are taller than herb and contain branches at their bases treesare the tallest plant with branches above the ground level
dhdjkfjchdhdjfkuc help♀️
Answer:
D
Explanation:
pretty sure!
can you please help me
Answer: 3. type B 4. endometrium. 5. spermatocytogenesis.
Explanation:
I mt.Kaboob were to erupt again what changes might you expect to see in the walking bean population
Answer: the. Population of the light red walking beans would grow because the red light from the explosion would help the light red kidney beans blend in.
This diagram illustrates the three types of plant tissue. (attached)
Which main plant tissue is shown in green?
dermal
ground
vascular
meristem
Answer:
Ground tissue
Explanation:
Ground tissue, which is also known as cortex or ground parenchyma, is the main plant tissue shown in green in the image.
Summarize how the loss of energy between each level of an energy pyramid affects an ecosystem
Answer:
Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels because energy is lost when the organisms from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next level
The energy loss between each pyramid is the energy that is lost either in the form of heat, energy consumption or the energy that is consumed by the organisms. Energy loss per tropic level is 10%.
What is a pyramid ?It is defined as the stages that each organism represents as their level for example primary producers are at their first tropic level, consumers at their second and the decomposers at their third level.
The primary level of the pyramid is called as producers where they produce the food that is consumed by the consumers, the energy lost via the heat and the total energy is produced as total in as only 10% energy is transferred from the primary level to the next level.
The energy lost per unit tropic level is consumed as per the timeline and the type decided.
Therefore, it is 10% energy transferred only that is transmitted only rest gets consumed.
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Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons and 6 protons. When this radioisotope undergoes the radioactive decay process it becomes nitrogen-14.
The number of protons in nitrogen-14 is?
Answer:
Nº of protons = Atomic number → 7Nº of neutrons = Massic number - Atomic number → 14 - 6 = 7Explanation:
Probably, you will find it useful to know how to deduct this information for any other isotope.
To interpreter the representation of an isotope, you need to know that the symbol representing the isotopes is the same as the chemical element. The representation also includes a superior number that indicates the massic number, and an inferior number that indicates the atomic number.
Isotope representation ⇒ ⁰ X ₙ
Where
X is the element o is the massic number, which is defined as the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. n is the atomic number, which is the number of protons.(Note: You can also find the O symbol as m symbol. Both represent the same massic number)
When protons, neutrons, and electrons get together to form an atom, they lose part of their mass as energy. This is why the atomic weight is slightly inferior to the sum of masses.
In the periodic table, there is only one value of atomic mass, which belongs to the media mass of isotopes pondered by their abundance in nature.
So, what you need to know is that
Nº of protons = Atomic number → nNº of neutrons = Massic number - Atomic number → o - n (or m - n)Nº of Electrons = Nº of protons = Atomic number → nCarbon-14 forms in the atmosphere, it is radioactive and unstable. When they emit an electron and an antineutrino, they become Nitrogen-14.
Isotope representation ⇒ ¹⁴ C ₆
Massic number = 14Atomic number = 6So, from this information we can assume that
Nº of protons = Atomic number → 6Nº of neutrons = Massic number - Atomic number → 14 - 6 = 8 Nº of Electrons = Nº of protons = Atomic number → 6So, from this information we can assume that
Massic number = 14Atomic number = 6The same reasoning can be used to determine the number of protons and neutrons of nitrogen-14.
Isotope representation ⇒ ¹⁴ N ₇
Massic number = 14Atomic number = 7So, from this information, we can assume that
Nº of protons = Atomic number → 7Nº of neutrons = Massic number - Atomic number → 14 - 6 = 7 Nº of Electrons = Nº of protons = Atomic number → 7