Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
What is Artificial selection?Artificial selection is the process of identifying desirable traits in plants and animals and then taking action to strengthen and pass those traits down to succeeding generations. Artificial selection operates in a similar manner to natural selection, with the exception that in natural selection, these decisions are made by nature without human intervention. By choosing which male and female animals or plants will typically reproduce sexually and produce offspring together, humans can use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop specific phenotypic traits. Because humans choose which organisms get to reproduce instead of nature, this process is known as artificial selection.To learn more about phenotypic refer to:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the genetic map distance between two markers?
a) Is inversely related to the frequency of chiasma
b) Is directly related to the frequency of crossing-over.
c) Increases in accuracy as the distance between loci increases.
d) Can be estimated by multiplying the recombination frequencies of subinterverals.
e) Adding the subinterverals is less accurate than a direct measure by a two point cross.
The correct option (B) Is directly related to the frequency of crossing-over.
The procedures used to establish the location of a gene and the distances between genes are referred to as gene mapping. Gene mapping may also describe the distances between various locations within a gene.
The purpose of all genome mapping is to place a set of molecular markers on the genome in their proper locations. Molecular markers exist in many different forms and sizes. Genes may be viewed as a type of genetic marker and mapped in the same way as any other marker when creating genome maps. Gene mapping aids in the creation of unique recombinants inside an organism in a variety of fields of study.
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what enzyme can proof-read the dna molecule, minimizing the mistakes made during the process of dna replication?
The DNA polymerase enzyme's capacity to proofread the DNA molecule helps to decrease DNA replication mistakes.
Fortunately, cells have developed extremely complex mechanisms to correct most of those errors, but not all of them. While some errors are fixed following replication in a stage called mismatch repair, others are fixed while replication is still happening in a stage called proofreading. Replication is impeded when an erroneous nucleotide is added to the developing strand because the exposed 3′-OH group is in the wrong location. DNA polymerase enzymes notice this during proofreading and swap out the erroneous nucleotide to keep replication going. Even if 99 percent of mistakes may be corrected by proofreading, accurate cell reproduction is still not possible.
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Which of the following best describes why scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to star cluster M13?
Scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to the star cluster M13 as a way to transmit data over long distances through space using radio waves.
What are binary patterns?
Generally, Radio waves allowed scientists to communicate data over vast distances via space by converting stored binary patterns into a pattern that could be decoded as an image. This was done in order to send a picture to the star cluster M13.
By encoding the information to be sent into a binary format, which can then be communicated as a sequence of radio waves, this technology enables the transfer of enormous quantities of information in a manner that is both efficient and accurate.
It is possible that the picture was selected as the data to be sent in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology or to test those capabilities.
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Why are the processes of crossing over and independent assortment important events during meiosis?
Each gamete has a unique DNA set because of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis. The resultant zygote has a special set of genes as a result.
A diploid cell, or homolog, the first stage of meiosis, has two copies of each chromosome. Each homolog now consists of two identical sister chromatids as a result of the cell's first DNA replication process.
Then, through homologous recombination, each set of homologs pairs with one another and exchanges genetic material, frequently resulting in physical connections (crossovers) between the homologs. The spindle machinery segregates the homologs into distinct daughter cells during the first meiotic division. The cells then move directly to a second division without a round of DNA replication in between.
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A molecule that can be used as a molecular clock has a neutral mutation rate of one mutation per 40 million years. How many years ago did two species share a common ancestor if the molecules found in these two species differ by a total of eight mutations
The two species must have shared a common ancestor 320 million years ago, since the neutral mutation rate of the molecular clock is one mutation per 40 million years and the two species differ by a total of eight mutations.
A molecular clock is a tool used by scientists to estimate the time since two species have shared a common ancestor. This is done by measuring the number of genetic differences, or mutations, between the two species. The molecular clock is based on the assumption that the mutation rate is constant.
In this case, we know that the neutral mutation rate of the molecule being used as a molecular clock is one mutation per 40 million years. This means that for two species to have a difference of eight mutations, it must have been at least 320 million years ago that they shared a common ancestor.
To arrive at this conclusion, we can use the following formula:
Number of mutations × Neutral mutation rate = Time since common ancestor
In this case, 8 mutations × 40 million years = 320 million years. This means that two species must have shared a common ancestor at least 320 million years ago for them to have a difference of eight mutations.
The molecular clock can be a powerful tool for scientists to estimate the time since two species have shared a common ancestor. In this case, the neutral mutation rate of the molecule was known and used to calculate that two species must have shared a common ancestor at least 320 million years ago.
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The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called ________.
Elastance is the capacity of a lung to recoil or rebound after strain.
What use does the lung serve?Respiration, a mechanism of gas exchange, is the major purpose of the lungs (or breathing). During breathing, Co₂, a metabolic waste product, exits the bloodstream while oxygen from air flowing enters. Reduced lung effect can be attributed to the lungs' diminished capacity to exchange gases.
Do your lungs allow us to survive?Typically, you need one lung or more to survive. In one instance, a patient had to have both lungs extracted and it was maintained alive for six days on life support before receiving a lung transplant. Since one needs both lungs to survive, this is not a routine treatment.
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A group of herbivores are separated from their individual population. In the new environment, the only edible
vegetation grows underground.
-What would be a like likely structural adaptation that would occur?
-Explain how step by step how this would result in the population changing over time?
Over time, an adaptation that will make it easier for herbivores to acquire food is a long neck.
What are herbivores?An herbivore is an organism that mostly eats plants. A herbivore can be any size, from tiny insects like ants to huge, massive elephants. Herbivores make up a substantial portion of the food web, which is a description of the species that eat other animals in the wild.
Humans are they herbivores?We are physically herbivorous, despite the fact that many people prefer to consume both plants as meat, giving us the questionable moniker of "omnivores." The good news is that it's still possible to dine like our ancestors: Vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes form the foundation of a wholesome vegan diet.
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What is weight of 100 seeds called?
The weight of 100 seeds is known by the name Hundred Seed Weight (HSW).
Seed is the fertilized ovule that represents the undeveloped part of the plant. It consists of all the essential enzymes and food reserves required for its growth and development into a fully grown plant. The seeds can remain in dormant stage for a very long period of time.
HSW gives the yield of the plant and is also an indicator of the inheritance of the quantitative characteristics and how the inheritance is affected by the genotype and environmental factors. Large seeds impact the yield of the plant positively.
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What is a contrast to natural selection?
Artificial selection is a contrast to natural selection.
Natural selection is the process by which populations of organisms adapt and change. Individuals within a population are inherently variable. In other words, all individuals are different in some way. This variation means that some individuals have traits that adapt better to their environment than others.
Natural selection is the selection process that occurs as a result of an organism's ability to adapt to its environment. Artificial selection, on the other hand, is selective breeding imposed by an external entity, usually a human, to increase the abundance of desirable traits.
Examples of natural selection include : Selection of long-necked giraffes.
Examples of artificial selection include : Breeding different breeds of dogs and cows to produce the desired breed.
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A direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab stained with Loeffler methylene blue stain showed various letter shapes and deep blue, metachromatic granules. The most likely identification is:
A. Corynebacterium spp.
B. Nocardia spp.
C. Listeria spp.
D. Gardnerella spp.
The identification from a direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab stained with Loeffler methylene blue stain showed various letter shapes and deep blue, metachromatic granules: Corynebacterium spp.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
Lаborаtory tests from direct exаminаtion of swаbs or blood smeаr of Corynebacterium spp. are
Swаbs should be tаken from involved аreа of nаsophаrynx аnd, if present, underneаth membrаnesGrаm stаining will show grаm-positive rods with pleomorphic morphology. Mаny species аre club shаped and mаy be аrrаnged in pаlisаdes or v-shаped аrrаngements.Neisser or Loeffler methylene blue stаining demonstrаtes metаchromаtic grаnules (limited sensitivity)For more information about nasopharyngeal swab refers to the link: https://brainly.com/question/29819432
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The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent.
1.True 2.False
The given statement " the genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent" is true because gametes contain only one of a chromosome pair that exists in the diplod parents cells.
Hence, the correct option is True.
What are chromosomes?A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibers in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
During the process of gamete formation or meiosis in parental sex cells, the pair of chromosomes in the parent cells divide to produce daughter cells or gametes containing only singer chromosomes,
Thus, the gametes contain only one set of chromosomes identical to the parent's chromosomes.
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Answer: it’s True<3
Explanation: WHY HASNT YALL BE ONLINE!!!
Which of the following is not a factor in the regulation of cell division in normal cells?
a. Growth factors enter the cell nucleus
b. Signals are transduced from cell surface to cell nucleus
c. Transcription factors are recruited
d. Growth-inhibiting factors promote the synthesis of proteins that inhibit cell division
Growth factors entering the cell nucleus are not a factor in the cell division regulation in normal cells. Therefore, option a is correct.
The word "growth factor" refers to a group of gene products that are crucial in controlling cell division and tissue proliferation. There is a unique cell receptor for each growth factor.
Growth factors can act on particular cell surface receptors, which then relay their signals to various intracellular components and ultimately lead to altered gene expression. When a growth factor binds to a receptor, cell division can begin or be blocked in particular circumstances.
They attach to the receptor and function as signaling molecules. To have the desired effect, the activated receptor in turn activates an intracellular protein. They don't enter the cell nucleus instead act on the cell surface receptors.
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Why is a percentage scale used for the x-axis rather than actual ages? A) Researchers dont know the maximum life span of the organisms. B) This scale allows you to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph. C) The range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph. D) For any graph, the x-axis and y-axis must use the same units.
It allows researchers to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph.So the correct option is c.
When discussing the life spans of organisms, it is common to use a percentage scale rather than actual ages on the x-axis of a graph. There are several reasons for this.
First, researchers do not know the maximum life span of the organisms that they are studying. By using a percentage scale, they can compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph without having to worry about one species having a much longer lifespan than the others.
Second, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph. By using a percentage scale, the data can be more easily visualized and compared.
Finally, for any graph, the x-axis and y-axis must use the same units. By using a percentage scale on the x-axis, the researcher can easily use the same units on both the x-axis and y-axis, making the data easier to compare and interpret.
In conclusion, a percentage scale is used for the x-axis of a graph when discussing the life spans of organisms because it allows researchers to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph, and the data can be more easily visualized and compared if the same units are used on both the x-axis and y-axis.
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Did those who were successful in Round One survive equally well when others were competing for food at the same dish during Round Two
No, those who were successful in Round One will not be successful in Round Two since there will be increased competition.
In the pursuit of a single, unshareable aim, competition is a contest between two or more parties in which one side gains an advantage over the other (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Humans, social and economic organisations, and living things are all competing entities. It provides people a variety of employers and working settings while also creating jobs.
Additionally, competition lessens the need for government intervention through business regulation. Consumers, society, and individual liberty all benefit from a healthy, competitive free market. Studies show that competition can promote focus, effort, and learning. A student may be motivated to work significantly harder on their homework by the social pressure of competing with other students.
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Why are the 5 main food groups important?
The 5 main food groups helps in providing wide array of nutrition to the body, that helps to promotes healthy life style and also minimizes the risk of stoke and life threatening diseases . These food groups can also helps to add flavors and texture that making eating more interesting .
Hence , if we talk about individual functions of food groups they include ,Carbohydrates are body's primary source of energy or preferred energy source. Carbs are generally broken down by the body into glucose which is also a type of sugar. Protein are responsible to work with cells for maintaining proper structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. vegetables and fruits helps lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, prevent cancers. Fats store energy and protect vital organs .
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Where is the most ATP produced in cellular respiration ?
The majority of ATP created during cellular respiration is used in the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation).
Cellular respiration is the mechanism by which glucose molecules are broken down into [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] to provide energy from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, cellular respiration often occurs in an organism's cells by turning the metabolic energy contained in foods into adenosine triphosphate. Additionally, it occurs in three steps, which are the TCA cycle, electron transport, and glycolysis (Oxidative phosphorylation). As a result, the stage of aerobic cellular respiration that produces the most ATPs is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Normally, ATP releases energy by dismantling any weak phosphate cells that may be present. The energy that is released as the phosphate cell disintegrates is then put to use. ADP is created after ATP.
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How do you treat chronic disease naturally?
Treating chronic disease naturally is becoming increasingly popular as more people look to natural remedies to support their health and wellbeing. There are a number of strategies you can use to treat chronic disease naturally, such as making lifestyle changes, utilizing natural treatments and supplements, and finding supportive resources.
Lifestyle changes are key to treating chronic disease naturally, as they can help reduce inflammation, reduce stress, and improve overall wellness.
Eating a healthy, balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep are all important lifestyle changes that can help to manage chronic illness. Additionally, reducing your exposure to environmental toxins and managing stress levels can be beneficial.
Natural treatments and supplements can also be used to help treat chronic disease naturally. Herbs, essential oils, and dietary supplements can be used to support a healthy immune system, reduce inflammation, and support overall wellbeing.
Finally, finding supportive resources can be helpful in managing chronic illness naturally. Support groups, online forums, and communities can provide emotional support and help connect individuals with resources and information to help them manage their chronic disease.
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What is the best way to ensure proper protein levels?
To ensure proper protein level one should include various sources of protein that can include lean meat , eggs , diary products ,protein shakes and legumes .
Protein is one of the most essential nutrients for daily life , as they are required to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein also plays crucial role in growth and development in children and expecting mothers .
In general , proteins are required for the repairing and building your body's tissues, They also allows metabolic reactions to occurs at place for easy body function . so we can say that protein is crucial for maintaining structural framework of body and also helps in maintaining fluid balance .
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Can someone help me please? if you've done the nitrogen cycle on gizmo about the blue baby syndrome please respond
Gizmo High nitrate levels in a newborn's drinking water are typically the cause of the blue baby syndrome. To save other babies from getting sick and to identify the source of the elevated nitrates is crucial.
Blue infant syndrome is most frequently brought on by nitrate-contaminated water. A baby's body turns nitrates into nitrites after consuming formula prepared with nitrate-rich water. The body's haemoglobin binds to these nitrites to generate methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen.
A well-known risk factor for child methemoglobinemia is preparing infant formula using drinking water that has been polluted with nitrogen cycle. Infants that are affected have strange blue-gray skin and, depending on the degree of their disease, may become agitated or sluggish.
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This is due today, I’ll give brainliest to whoever answers with the best answer.
This is for 30 POINTS!!!!!!
DUE TODAY
Gravity holds the sun, earth, and moon together, and these three bodies engage in a variety of interactions. Due to the earth's gravitational attraction, the moon revolves the planet. And because of the sun's gravitational attraction, the earth orbits the star.
What angle is the Moon at with respect to the Sun and Earth?The Moon travels in tandem with Earth's orbit around the Sun. Despite the Earth's continued motion, the Moon must travel two additional days during its orbit, which lasts 27 1/2 days.
How near to one another are the Earth, Moon, and Sun?The Moon is 384,403 kilometres away from Earth on average. Additionally, there are 149,597,887 kilometres between the Earth and the Sun on average.
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An investigator wishes to use animals in an experiment that involves category B, C, and D activities performed on the same animal. How should the animal be categorized?A. Categories B, C, and D. B. Category B. C. Category C. D. Category D
When doing activities that fall under USDA pain categories B, C, or D on the same animal, the animals utilized in the experiment should be placed in USDA category D.
The level of pain that an animal employed in testing and research may experience is categorized using the USDA pain categories. These are the categories:
USDA B: The animal won't experience any type of suffering.
USDA C: The animal may experience sporadic little pain.
USDA D: Excruciating processes that medication will lessen.
USDA E: Excruciating processes that cannot be eased.
According to Category B, the animal won't experience pain. These animals are frequently utilized for breeding, which is a natural procedure that doesn't harm the animals.
In contrast to animals in category E, animals in category D undergo unpleasant or stressful operations and are given anaesthetics and other pharmacological agents to lessen or totally relieve the discomfort.
There is a rigid rule for these categories. Because the experiment will include USDA B, C, and D procedures, the animals must be classified according to the USDA category that will involve the most painful technique.
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When shellfish ingest dinoflagellates, a) they turn red. b) they can become poisonous. c) they enter into a symbiotic relationship.
When shellfish ingest dinoflagellates, a) they turn red. So,correct option is a.
Red tides are conditions when a dinoflagellate ingest builds to such gigantic numbers that it stains the water. This "sprout" might be brought about by supplement and hydrographic circumstances, albeit the natural circumstances which bring about red tides are not totally perceived. For dinoflagellate red tides, the water is stained red or brown due to as high as 20 million cells for every liter. These red tides are made fundamentally out of one types of dinoflagellate that has been quickly developing and gathering.
The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic gathering of single-celled eukaryotes comprising the phylum Dinoflagellata and are generally viewed as green growth. Dinoflagellates are generally marine tiny fish, yet they likewise are normal in freshwater natural surroundings. Their populaces differ with ocean surface temperature, saltiness, and profundity. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, yet a huge part of these are truth be told mixotrophic, consolidating photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis).
Hence,correct option is a.
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A biologist used the radioisotope tritium (3H) to label thymine and the radioisotope carbon-14 (14C) to label uracil. She then incubated a growing bacterial culture with both labeled bases. After five hours of incubation, the biologist extracted polynucleotides from the cells and separated them into three groups, each containing a range of different polynucleotide lengths. The first group contained the shortest polynucleotides. The second group contained polynucleotides of midrange length, and the third group contained the longest polynucleotides. Then she determined the percentage of each radiolabel in each fraction. Her data are summarized in the table above. Which statement represents a reasonable hypothesis that could explain these results?Uptake of 3H label resulted from DNA replication, and uptake of 14C label resulted from transcription.
The statement that represents a reasonable hypothesis that could explain these results is Uptake of 3H label resulted from DNA replication, and uptake of 14C label resulted from transcription.
The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to form two identical DNA molecules is known as DNA replication. Replication is necessary because when a cell splits, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
The process of transcribing a piece of DNA into RNA is known as transcription. Messenger RNA is created when segments of DNA are translated into RNA molecules that can encode proteins. Other DNA sequences are transcribed into RNA molecules known as non-coding RNAs. Only 1-3% of total RNA samples contain mRNA.
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The Young-Helmholtz theory proposes thatA. there are four different types of conesB. there are three different types of color-sensitive conesC. retinal cells are excited by one color and inhibited by its complimentary colorD. rod, not cone, vision accounts for our ability to detect fine visual detail
Option A, The Young-Helmholtz theory proposes that B. there are three different types of color-sensitive cones in the eye that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which allows us to perceive a wide range of colors.
These cones contain pigments that respond to different parts of the visible spectrum, such as red, green and blue. This theory sensitive states that the sensitive brain interprets the relative stimulation of these cones as different colors. There are four different types of cones is not accurate, because the Young-Helmholtz theory states that there are three different types of cones. Retinal cells are excited by one color and inhibited by its complimentary color is not accurate either. The retinal cells are sensitive to different wavelengths sensitive of light and the brain interprets the relative stimulation of these cells as different colors. rod, not cone, vision accounts for our ability to detect fine visual detail is not accurate according to the Young-Helmholtz theory, which focuses on the role of the cones in color vision, not the rods. Rods are responsible sensitive for our ability to see in low light conditions and detect fine details in dim light.
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What is the best example of a Mendelian trait in humans?
The best example of a Mendelian trait in humans is phenylketonuria. This illness is an illustration of a Mendelian trait since it is passed down from parents to children when both parents have heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous (Aa) circumstances.
Mendelian qualities are determined by all of Mendel's postulated Laws of Inheritance and are traits that are transferred from parents to children through dominant and recessive alleles of a gene. The lack of an enzyme that turns the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine is the root cause of the autosomal recessive inherited disorder. As a result, the amino acid builds up and is converted into the toxic form of phenyl pyruvic acid, which builds up in the brain of the person and causes r-e-t-a-r-d-a-t-i-o-n.
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What is the genetic basis behind the appearance and gender of calico cats?
The gene for "orange or black coat" is on the X chromosome, so if "orange" and "black" are active in different cells, female cats can have both colors of calico cat's coat. Yes, because male cats only have one X. The chromosome is her only one of these colors.
The calico, or more specifically tortoiseshell, pattern of cats is observed in female (or rarely male XXY) cats with different alleles at the coat color locus on the X chromosome. One of the X chromosomes carries alleles for black fur pigment and the other for orange fur pigment. Random inactivation of one of the X chromosomes causes orange and black spots on the cat's coat. Males with a single X chromosome have either orange or black fur, depending on which allele they possess. Calico cats have large white spots along with orange or black spots on their fur due to an autosomal gene that causes white spots.
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so i kinda need help with this problem, can someone help?
This is what I think maybe this can help you
If all of the stratospheric ozone suddenly disappeared, ________. A) plants would flourish
B) there would be a dramatic decrease in skin cancers
C) most life on Earth would cease to exist because of the amount of UV radiation penetrating the atmosphere
D) insects would be the only organisms to survive
E) Earth's surface would warm considerably
Answer:C
Explanation:
What are the 3 types of adaptations that enable an organism to survive?
Behavioral adaptations, physiological adaptations and structural adaptations are the three types of adaptations which enable an organism to survive.
All living organisms need to adapt in order to survive. There are three types of adaptations which can enable a particular organism to survive and they include the behavioral, physiological and structural adaptations.
Structural adaptations are basically the unique features present in an organism's body which help it to survive in a particular condition. For example, ducks have webbed feet which help them to swim. The changes in different processes that occur inside an organism's body include the physiological adaptations. For example, some spiders change the physiological processes in their body to weave webs using different spider silks. Behavioral adaptations are changes in the actions which allow the organism to survive. For example, coyotes communicate by howling at night.
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How would cyanide poisoning affect the rest of the ETC and proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
After the cyanide poisoning the proton gradient will be reduced. Moreover, it will lead to the stopping of the electron transport chain (ETC). Because it prevents the complex IV from transporting electrons, cyanide functions as a poison.
Most of the electron transport chain will abruptly slow down and cease if complex IV cannot transmit electrons. Protons won't be pumped out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space if electrons aren't traveling along the transport chain. The gradient will deteriorate as the protons already in the intermembrane space move down their gradient and into the matrix because they won't be replaced. Thus, this will cause the intermembrane space's pH to decrease.
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